SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION2004 64.

1
SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION
By Wallace P. Bolen
Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Cheryl J. Crawford, Brian W. Jaskula, Robin C. Kaiser, Joseph M.
Krisanda, and Hoa P. Phamdang, statistical assistants.
increased by 29% to $32.1 million compared with the 2003
results (tables 1, 16). Imports increased by about 8% to 4.76
Mt, but the value decreased by about 1.4% to $56.9 million
(tables 1, 17).
Because imports and exports were small compared with total
production, domestic apparent consumption of construction
sand and gravel, which is dened as production for consumption
(sold or used) plus total imports minus total exports, was
essentially equal to the U.S. production of 1.24 Gt.
Production
Of the four major geographic regions, the West again led the
Nation in the production of construction sand and gravel with
490 Mt, or 40% of the U.S. total (table 2). It was followed by
the Midwest with 366 Mt, or 30%; the South with 258 Mt, or
21%; and the Northeast with 123 Mt, or 10%. Compared with
2003, production in 2004 decreased slightly in the South but
increased in the other three regions.
Of the nine geographic divisions, the Moutain led the Nation
in the production of construction sand and gravel with 251 Mt,
or 20.3% of the U.S. total, and was followed by the Pacic
with 239 Mt, or 19.3%, and the East North Central with 231
Mt, or 18.6% (table 2; gure 1). Production increased in eight
of the nine divisions compared with that of 2003Mountain,
15.3%; West North Central, 10.5%; Middle Atlantic, 9.8%;
Pacic, 7.6%; New England, 6.5%; South Atlantic, 3.7%; East
North Central, 2.9%; and East South Central, 0.5%. Production
decreased in the West South Central division by 4.5%.
A review of the production of construction sand and gravel
for consumption by size of operation indicates that about 32%
of the total production came from 241 operations that reported
1 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) production or more, 24%
came from 474 operations that reported between 500,000 and
999,999 metric tons per year (t/yr), and 35% of the construction
sand and gravel produced in 2004 came from 2,068 operations
that reported between 100,000 and 499,999 t/yr. The largest
number of operations (3,487, or 56% of total operations)
produced less than 100,000 t/yr (9% of the total production)
(table 8A).
The estimated production for consumption by quarter for
2004 indicates that 31% of the construction sand and gravel in
the United States was produced in the third quarter followed
by the second and the fourth quarters (table 3). Estimated
production data for each quarter also were available for most
States (table 4).
In 2004, construction sand and gravel was produced in every
State (table 5). The leading States were, in descending order of
tonnage, California, Texas, Arizona, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio,
Wisconsin, Nevada, Washington, and Colorado. The combined
Construction sand and gravel is one of the most accessible and
widely used natural resources. The construction sand and gravel
industry is a major contributor to the economic well-being of the
Nation and produces a large volume of mineral products with a
low unit value. Sand and gravel and crushed stone combined are
dened as construction aggregate. The crushed stone industry
is reviewed in a separate chapter of the U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) Minerals Yearbook, volume I, Metals and Minerals, and
both mineral commodities should be included in any review of
the national, State, or local aggregates industry.
A total of 1.24 billion metric tons (Gt) of construction sand
and gravel was produced in the United States in 2004. This
record high production was an increase of about 80 million
metric tons (Mt), or 6.9%, compared with that of 2003. After
a decrease in production in 1991, sand and gravel production
increased each year for the following 13 years. All percentages
in this report were computed using unrounded data. Total
construction activity in the United States increased by 10%
in 2004, following gains of 3% in 2003 and 1% in 2002.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau construction gains were
recorded in most categories with residential building gaining
16%, and nonresidential building gaining 3%. Owing to strong
home buyer demand, single family housing achieved a new
high in dollar terms and in the number of starts in 2004 (Rock
Products, 2005).
Each year, hundreds of sand and gravel operations are idled,
closed, or abandoned, and hundreds more are reactivated or
opened. The changing location of construction and highway
projects is the major stimulus in decisions to open, idle, or close
operations.
In 2004, 6,270 construction sand and gravel operations were
active, 649 operations were idle, and 195 operations either
were reported to be closed or were assumed to be permanently
shut down. Of the 6,270 active operations, 66 were classied
as sales or distribution yards only; a sales yard is dened as a
xed location that receives sand and gravel from a distant source
and sells it at the yard. In addition, 45 operations reported that
they were either an open pit or a dredge combined with a sales
yard that supplemented local production with material from a
remote location. A small number of the idle sand and gravel
operations reported recycling of asphalt and portland cement
concrete, but no sand and gravel mining. In 2004, of the 6,270
active operations surveyed, 3,620, or 57.7%, responded to the
USGS canvass. Their total production represented 72.4% of the
1.24 Gt produced in 2004. The 6,270 operations with 10,164
active sand and gravel pits were owned by 3,892 companies or
government agencies operating in all 50 States.
Foreign trade of construction sand and gravel remained
minor in 2004. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, exports
decreased by 62% to 677,000 metric tons (t), but the value
64.2 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2004
production of these 10 States represented about 54% of the
national total. Production increased in 37 States and decreased in
13 States compared with that of 2003. Production increased in 8
of the top 10 StatesArizona, California, Colorado, Minnesota,
Nevada, Ohio, Washington, and Wisconsin; production decreased
in Michigan and Texas compared with 2003.
In 2004, the leading domestic commercial producers of
construction sand and gravel were, in descending order of
production, Oldcastle, Inc./Materials Group; Hanson Building
Materials America, Inc.; Rinker Materials Corp.; Vulcan
Materials Co.; MDU Resources Group, Inc./Knife River
Corporation; Aggregates Industries, Inc.; CEMEX, Inc.; Martin
Marietta Aggregates; Lafarge North America, Inc.; and Granite
Construction Company.
Limited information about the production of construction
sand and gravel in foreign countries can be found in the USGS
Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports: International.
For nonreporting countries, estimates of sand and gravel and
crushed stone outputs can be based on indirect indicators, such
as the levels of cement and asphalt consumption.
Mergers and acquisitions in the construction materials
proceeded at moderate levels in 2004. The pace of activity in
2004 appeared to be about the same as that of 2003. Some of
the more major changes in ownership in the sand and gravel
industry in 2004 are listed below.
In January, Aggregate Industries acquired Southern Nevada
Paving Co. of Las Vegas, NV. Southern Nevada Paving was
one of the top ve producers in Nevada in 2003 (Pit&Quarry,
2004a). In May, Aggregates Industries purchased Frehner
Construction, another one of the top ve producers in Nevada.
With these two large purchases, Aggregates Industries became
the leading producer of sand and gravel in Nevada with access
to dozens of pits around the State (Pit&Quarry, 2004b).
In February, MDU Resources, through its subsidiary Knife
River Corp., acquired Fred Carlson Company, Inc. and Roverud
Construction, Inc. Fred Carlson, headquartered in Decorah,
IA, had sand and gravel operations in Fillmore County, MN,
and Winneshiek County, IA. MDU Resources was already the
leading producer in Minnesota. Roverud Construction of Spring
Grove, MN, mined sand and gravel in Clayton and Howard
Counties, IA, and along with the Fred Carlson site in Iowa,
represented MDUs rst operations in Iowa (Rock Products,
2004b). In September, Knife River announced the purchase of
Becker Gravel Co., another Iowa producer and the fth ranked
in the State in 2003. Becker Gravel produced from several
pits in Stratford County, IA, and will become part of the Fred
Carlson subsidiary (Aggregates Manager, 2004b).
Also in February, Rinker Materials purchased two pits with
production estimated to be 1.1 Mt/yr, in the Phoenix, AZ, area
from Superstition Crushing LLC (Rock Products, 2004c).
Rinker Materials is by far the leading producer in Arizona,
while Superstition is a top 10 producer in the State.
On March 17, Abram & Hawkins Excavating Co., Inc.
announced the sale of a sand and gravel operation to Rogers
Group, Inc. The site will now be called Rogers Group
Graysville Sand & Gravel and is located in Sullivan County,
IN (Aggregates Manager, 2004a). With this purchase, Rogers
Group moves up to be the seventh ranked producer in Indiana.
Rogers Group had been the 10th ranked producer of sand
and gravel in Indiana in 2003. In December, Rogers Group
purchased the Cumberland Mountain Sand operation of General
Shale Brick, Inc., which was the 12th ranked producer of
sand and gravel in Tennessee in 2003 (Aggregates Research
Industries, undated
1
).
In September, Boral USA (the U.S. subsidirary of Boral Ltd.,
a large Australian construction-related business) purchased
two sand and gravel producers in the Denver, CO, area. The
two companies were among the top 50 in the State and, when
combined, will make Boral USA one of the top 20 producers
of sand and gravel in the State. The companies acquired were
Ready Mixed Concrete Co., in Adams County and Owens
Brothers Concrete in various counties near Denver (Rock
Products, 2004a).
Production of construction sand and gravel reported by
producers to the USGS was material that was sold or used by
the companies. Stockpiled production is not reported until it is
sold or consumed by the producer. Because no consumption
surveys are conducted by the USGS for sand and gravel,
the sold or used tonnage is assumed to represent the amount
produced for domestic consumption and export. Because some
of the construction sand and gravel producers did not report a
breakdown by end use, their total production was reported under
Unspecied uses, reported. The estimated production of
nonrespondents was reported under Unspecied uses, estimated.
Of the 1.24 Gt of construction sand and gravel produced
in 2004, 52.9% was for unspecied uses (table 6). Of the
remaining 583 Mt, 44.5% was used as concrete aggregate;
23.8%, for road base and coverings and road stabilization;
12.8%, for asphaltic concrete aggregate and other bituminous
mixtures; 12.5%, for construction ll; 2.1%, for plaster and
gunite sands; 1.2%, for concrete products, such as blocks,
bricks, and pipes; and the remainder for ltration, railroad
ballast, roong granules, snow and ice control, and other
miscellaneous uses.
To provide a more accurate estimate of the consumption
patterns for construction sand and gravel, the unspecied uses
are not included in the above percentages. In any marketing
or use-pattern analysis, the total quantities included in
Unspecied uses may be distributed among the reported
uses by applying the above percentages. Compared with 2003,
about 1.4% less of the sand and gravel production was reported
for specic uses, and this must be taken into account when
analyzing changes in market consumption in light of the total
increase in U.S. production of 6.9%.
Additional information regarding production and/or
consumption of construction sand and gravel by major uses in
each State and State district can be found in the USGS Minerals
Yearbook, volume II, Area Reports: Domestic.
Recycling
The aggregates industry has been involved with recycling
for several decades. Recycling has become more important
1
A reference that includes a section mark () is found in the Internet
Reference Cited section.
SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION2004 64.3
to aggregates producers, and the number of aggregates-
producing companies that are recycling has generally been
increasing. Recycling in this industry generally refers to the
crushing, screening, and reuse of asphalt and cement concretes.
Aggregate and related asphalt and ready-mix companies are
often involved in construction projects during which they collect
and reuse the materials at the site. Sometimes construction
companies haul their materials to a recycling location where the
asphalt or concrete is processed for reuse. The annual survey
of construction sand and gravel producers collects information
only on recycling of asphalt and cement concrete by sand-and-
gravel-producing companies. These amounts represent a small
percentage of the total recycled cement and asphalt concretes
because the recycling of these materials is done mostly by
construction or demolition companies, and those companies are
not surveyed by the USGS.
Asphalt Concrete.In 2004, 4.22 Mt of asphalt concrete
valued at $21.8 million was recycled by 120 sand and gravel
companies in 32 States; this represented a 23.3% decrease
compared with that of 2003 (tables 12, 13). The leading States
were, in descending order of tonnage recycled, California,
Minnesota, and Colorado. The leading companies were, in
descending order of tonnage produced, Granite Construction,
Midwest Asphalt Corp., All American Aggregates Company,
The Lane Construction Co., and Southway Construction Co.
Cement Concrete.In 2004, about 4 Mt of cement concrete
valued at $24 million was recycled by 129 companies in 29
States; this tonnage represented a 32% decrease compared
with that of 2003 (tables 14-15). The leading States were, in
descending order of tonnage recycled, California, Minnesota,
and Michigan. The leading companies were, in descending
order of quantity produced, Vulcan Materials; Kalin
Construction Co.; Aggregate Industries; A. Teichert & Sons,
Inc.; and Weber Sand and Gravel, Inc.
Transportation
Information regarding the method of transportation of
construction sand and gravel from the pit or processing plant
to the rst point of sale or use is available for each geographic
division and the total United States. Reports regarding the
method of transportation were provided by the producers for
546 Mt, or 44% of the total U.S. production of construction sand
and gravel. Of this total, 80% was transported by truck; 2.5%,
by waterway; and 1.1%, by rail (table 9). A signicant amount
of construction sand and gravel produced (about 15.8%) was not
transported and was used at or near the production site, probably
for concrete or asphalt production. Because most producers
neither keep records of nor report shipping distances or cost per
metric ton per mile, transportation cost data are not available.
Prices
Prices in this chapter are free on board (f.o.b.) plant, usually
the rst point of sale or captive use. This value does not include
transportation from the plant or yard to the consumer. It does
include all costs of mining, processing, in-plant transportation,
overhead, and prot.
The 2004 average unit price increased by about 3.3% to $5.33
per metric ton compared with that of 2003 (table 6). By use,
the unit prices varied from a high of $9.91 per ton for roong
granules to a low of $3.45 per ton for ll. The largest increases
were recorded for roong granules (48.4%), road stabilization,
lime type (43.7%), and ltration (27.3%). The largest decreases
were for road stabilization, cement type (20.2%) and ll (7.8%).
Foreign Trade
The widespread distribution of domestic sand and gravel deposits
and the high cost of transportation limit foreign trade to mostly
local transactions across international boundaries. U.S. imports and
exports represented less than 1% of domestic consumption.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, exports of construction
sand decreased by about 89% to 124,000 t compared with that
of 2003, but the value increased by about 33% to $27.5 million
(table 16). Canada, which was the leading destination, received
about 48% of the total sand, followed by Taiwan with 15% and
Mexico with 14%. Exports of construction gravel decreased by
about 6.7% to 553,000 t compared with those of 2003, but the
value increased by about 10.3% to $4.61 million. Canada, which
was the leading destination, received about 95% of the total
gravel. The average value of the sand and gravel exports in 2004
was $47.45 per ton; this was up from $14.03 per ton in 2003.
Imports increased by about 8% to 4.76 Mt, but the value
decreased by about 1.4% to $56.9 million (table 17). Canada
was the leading source of imported construction sand and gravel
with 82.1% of the total. Mexico supplied about 11.5% of the
exports. The average value of the sand and gravel imports was
$11.95 per ton, down from $13.07 per ton in 2003.
Outlook
The demand for construction sand and gravel in 2005 is
expected to increase by 1% to 3% compared with that of 2004.
Data from the USGS quarterly survey of aggregates producers
indicate at sales of sand and gravel compared with those of the
rst half of 2004. Most regions of the United States also will
probably have increased sales in the second half of 2005, and
demand will likely rise compared with 2004 levels particularly
owing to the extensive need for rebuilding in areas of the United
States damaged during the 2005 hurricane season.
Construction sand and gravel f.o.b. prices are expected to
increase by about 3% to 5%, owing in part to the rising cost of
fuel used in the mining processes. The rise in fuel cost is also
expected to affect the delivered prices of construction sand and
gravel. These price increases are expected to be more noticeable
in and near metropolitan areas because, as nearby resources
are used up, more aggregates will be transported from distant
sources.
For 2005, the construction sand and gravel industry is
expected to continue to consolidate. Resistance to mining,
especially at the local level, will push production to more rural
areas and increase transportation costs. The cost to acquire
existing companies will increase because of the difculty of
starting a new greeneld operation. The length of time that
is needed to put a new operation into production has been
64.4 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2004
estimated to be from 5 to 10 years. This includes the time
required to prove the reserve base, to acquire zoning and permit
approvals, and to deliver and install the necessary equipment.
Also, throughout the process, the possibility exists that the
project may have to be abandoned owing to local opposition
and permit or zoning denial. Many companies prefer to buy
permitted, active operations with reserves rather than face the
cost and uncertainties involved with a greeneld operation.
References Cited
Aggregates Manager, 2004a, Mergers & acquisitions: Aggregates Manager, v. 9,
no. 3, May/June, p. 7.
Aggregates Manager, 2004b, NewsState by State: Aggregates Manager, v. 9,
no. 5, September/October, p. 11.
Pit&Quarry, 2004a, A closer look: Pit&Quarry, v. 96, no. 7, January, p. 10.
Pit&Quarry, 2004b, Aggregates Industries acquires Nevada company:
Pit&Quarry, v. 97, no. 3, September, p. 12.
Rock Products, 2004a, Boral acquires two Denver businesses: Rock Products,
v. 107, no. 10, October, p. 6.
Rock Products, 2004b, MDU buys Iowa and Minnesota operations: Rock
Products, v. 107, no. 2, February, p. 6.
Rock Products, 2004c, Rinker acquires Arizona quarries: Rock Products, v. 107,
no. 5, March, p. 5.
Rock Products, 2005, Housing starts up in December: Rock Products, v. 108,
no. 2, February, p. 24.
Internet Reference Cited
Aggregates Research Industries, [undated], Rogers Group buys Hillsboro
operation from General Shale, accessed December 16, 2004, at URL http://
www.aggregateresearch.com/article.asp?id=5440&s=m.
GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION
U.S. Geological Survey Publications
Crushed Stone and Sand and Gravel. Mineral Industry Surveys,
quarterly.
Directory of Principal Crushed Stone Producers. Mineral
Industry Surveys, annual.
Directory of Principal Sand and Gravel Producers. Mineral
Industry Surveys, annual.
Directory of State Listings of Crushed Stone and Sand and
Gravel Producers. Mineral Industry Surveys, periodic.
Natural AggregateBuilding Americas Future. Circular 1110,
1990.
Natural Aggregates of the Conterminous United States. Bulletin
1594, 1988.
Natural AggregatesFoundation of Americas Future. Fact
Sheet FS 144-97, 1997.
Sand and Gravel. Ch. in United States Mineral Resources,
Professional Paper 820, 1973.
Sand and Gravel, Construction. Ch. in Mineral Commodity
Summaries, annual.
Stone, Crushed. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries, annual.
Stone, Crushed. Ch. in Minerals Yearbook, annual.
Other
Aggregates Handbook. National Stone Association, 1991.
Aggregates Manager.
AggregatesSand, Gravel, & Crushed Rock Aggregates for
Construction Purposes. The Geological Society, 1985.
Bates, R.L., and Harben, P.W., 1984, Geology of Nonmetallics:
London, United Kingdom, Metal Bulletin Inc., 357 p.
Canadian Aggregates.
Concrete ManualA Water Resources Publication. U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1975.
Dolar-Mantuani, Ludmilla, 1983, Handbook of concrete
aggregatesA petrographic and technological evaluation:
Park Ridge, NJ, Noyes Publishing, 345 p.
Earth ManualA Water Resources Publication. U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1974.
Industrial Minerals.
Pit&Quarry.
Quarry Management.
Rock Products.
Sand and Gravel. Ch. in Industrial Minerals and Rocks,
(6th ed.), Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration,
Inc., 1994.
Stone, Sand & Gravel Review.
TABLE 1
SALIENT U.S.CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL STATISTICS
1
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Sold or used by producers:
2
Quantity 1,120,000 1,130,000 1,130,000 1,160,000 1,240,000
Value 5,390,000 5,670,000 5,750,000 5,990,000 6,590,000
Exports, value 24,200 19,100 23,400 24,900 32,100
Imports, value 33,300 40,800 53,900 57,700 56,900
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.
2
Puerto Rico is excluded from all sand and gravel statistics.
SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION2004 64.5
TABLE 2
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
1
2003 2004
Quantity Quantity
(thousand Percentage Value Percentage (thousand Percentage Value Percentage
Region/division metric tons) of total (thousands) of total metric tons) of total (thousands) of total
Northeast:
New England 46,900
r
4.0
r
$263,000
r
4.4 50,000 4.0 $287,000 4.4
Middle Atlantic 66,700 5.7 392,000 6.5 73,300 5.9 436,000 6.6
Midwest:
East North Central 224,000 19.3 935,000 15.6 231,000 18.6 1,020,000 15.4
West North Central 122,000 10.5 483,000 8.1 135,000 10.9 540,000 8.2
South:
South Atlantic 85,800 7.4 431,000 7.2 89,000 7.2 456,000 6.9
East South Central 46,700 4.0 241,000 4.0 46,900 3.8 243,000 3.7
West South Central 128,000 11.0 631,000 10.5 122,000 9.9 646,000 9.8
West:
Mountain 218,000 18.8 1,070,000 17.9 251,000 20.3 1,270,000 19.3
Pacific 222,000 19.1 1,540,000 25.7 239,000 19.3 1,700,000 25.8
Total 1,160,000 100.0 5,990,000 100.0 1,240,000 100.0 6,590,000 100.0
r
Revised.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
0 0
TABLE 3
SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY QUARTER AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
1
Quantity, Quantity, Quantity, Quantity, Total
3
1st quarter 2d quarter 3d quarter 4th quarter Quantity
(thousand Percentage (thousand Percentage (thousand Percentage (thousand Percentage (thousand Value
Region/division metric tons) change
2
metric tons) change
2
metric tons) change
2
metric tons) change
2
metric tons) (thousands)
Northeast:
New England 4,310 9.3 13,200 4.2 15,400 -11.1 12,900 -5.1 45,800 $268,000
Middle Atlantic 9,830 11.2 19,800 12.2 23,300 5.8 17,300 -4.9 70,300 422,000
Midwest:
East North Central 26,600 5.3 68,600 1.6 76,200 1.9 54,500 -3.9 226,000 960,000
West North Central 9,410 17.7 41,700 17.2 59,800 26.0 37,400 20.0 148,000 548,000
South:
South Atlantic 20,300 5.9 23,400 3.7 22,200 -2.1 21,600 0.9 87,500 458,000
East South Central 9,490 12.3 12,900 5.0 13,000 -6.3 10,700 -11.9 46,000 260,000
West South Central 27,600 0.6 33,200 -6.5 33,100 -4.6 28,900 -5.0 123,000 616,000
West:
Mountain 48,400 14.3 76,800 25.1 73,200 15.4 60,700 19.3 259,000 1,270,000
Pacific
4
43,300 3.3 57,200 8.9 64,000 2.8 52,100 -4.6 217,000 1,540,000
Total
3
213,000 6.8 345,000 9.2 375,000 5.7 297,000 1.9 1,210,00
5
6,410,00
5
1
As published in the "Crushed Stone and Sand and Gravel in the Fourth Quarter of 2004" Mineral Industry Surveys.
2
All percentage changes are calculated using unrounded totals. Percentage changes are based on the corresponding quarter of the previous year.
3
Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding and differences between projected totals by States and regions.
4
Does not include Alaska and Hawaii.
5
Includes Alaska and Hawaii.
64.6 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2004
TABLE 4
SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY QUARTER AND STATE
1
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Total
3
1st quarter 2d quarter 3d quarter 4th quarter Quantity
(thousand Percentage (thousand Percentage (thousand Percentage (thousand Percentage (thousand Value
State metric tons) change
2
metric tons) change
2
metric tons) change
2
metric tons) change
2
metric tons) (thousands)
Alabama 2,920 -7.6 4,030 2.6 2,880 -24.0 2,750 -23.7 12,600 $60,000
Alaska (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
Arizona 18,200 29.3 23,300 42.5 20,800 25.0 18,300 18.1 80,600 447,000
Arkansas 1,980 12.9 2,760 8.1 2,540 -20.7 2,070 -6.5 9,350 51,100
California 32,300 4.9 41,900 9.7 44,800 2.8 35,900 -9.0 155,000 1,190,000
Colorado 6,460 13.4 14,800 14.9 12,200 4.3 10,200 39.8 43,600 252,000
Connecticut 611 18.8 2,040 -4.9 2,550 -15.4 2,220 -10.6 7,410 47,500
Delaware (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 2,910 20,900
Florida 7,240 -9.3 7,680 -4.0 7,170 -5.1 7,320 -0.3 29,400 137,000
Georgia 2,520 59.3 2,240 7.2 2,160 0.4 2,010 7.7 8,930 37,700
Hawaii (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
Idaho (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 19,100 70,100
Illinois 3,620 -2.1 9,540 -4.6 12,600 7.7 9,190 -0.2 34,900 166,000
Indiana 6,190 -4.4 10,600 4.2 9,160 3.8 6,960 -5.5 32,900 132,000
Iowa 1,150 13.5 4,530 15.8 5,350 8.4 4,170 16.3 15,200 70,400
Kansas 1,870 1.4 2,950 -7.4 2,780 -14.5 2,210 -9.1 9,800 32,600
Kentucky (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 15,100 71,400
Louisiana 4,280 -6.5 5,090 -12.1 5,560 -3.0 4,580 -10.8 19,500 98,500
Maine 679 5.3 3,350 22.5 3,920 -11.6 2,780 6.4 10,700 49,800
Maryland 2,750 29.5 3,820 20.3 3,790 16.2 3,670 13.5 14,000 96,700
Massachusetts 2,020 3.2 3,280 10.3 4,470 4.8 3,660 -2.2 13,400 85,400
Michigan 4,840 11.9 22,700 -7.4 24,900 -2.6 16,400 -1.9 68,800 250,000
Minnesota 1,450 31.1 16,900 23.3 28,400 37.6 16,300 21.7 63,100 279,000
Mississippi 2,930 10.1 3,890 3.1 4,210 -6.2 3,490 -6.0 14,500 83,400
Missouri 1,830 28.1 3,950 24.1 4,530 18.9 3,030 38.6 13,300 63,200
Montana 1,430 -31.9 4,700 -10.3 4,380 -16.9 3,110 18.5 13,600 67,500
Nebraska 1,930 2.0 4,650 6.3 4,580 9.6 2,810 -0.8 14,000 48,400
Nevada 7,540 -8.6 8,580 1.0 11,000 0.8 8,600 -9.2 35,700 171,000
New Hampshire 858 29.1 2,470 7.4 2,530 -17.1 2,450 -0.2 8,310 41,200
New Jersey 3,580 9.7 4,490 0.1 4,620 -- 5,380 -7.5 18,100 106,000
New Mexico 2,880 -2.9 4,750 24.7 4,940 31.9 3,950 39.5 16,500 82,300
New York 3,210 -12.3 8,480 1.5 11,500 3.1 6,750 -3.1 30,000 175,000
North Carolina 2,530 7.5 2,830 6.3 2,540 -15.6 2,850 2.3 10,500 56,500
North Dakota (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
Ohio 6,180 16.6 14,300 11.9 16,600 2.2 12,100 -6.1 49,200 257,000
Oklahoma 2,330 -2.8 2,940 -4.0 3,500 18.2 2,700 5.5 11,500 51,900
Oregon 3,300 0.9 4,900 19.4 7,650 22.2 6,190 26.1 22,000 133,000
Pennsylvania 3,020 54.9 6,770 40.1 7,100 14.6 5,170 -4.6 22,100 141,000
Rhode Island (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 2,950 25,300
South Carolina 2,100 -1 2,550 -12 2,400 -12 2,370 1 9,410 33,000
South Dakota 829 40.0 3,250 -12.7 6,070 31.1 3,840 36.0 14,000 54,300
Tennessee 1,380 22.6 1,950 -1.3 2,440 -0.4 1,740 -13.0 7,510 44,700
Texas 19,100 0.9 22,200 -8.1 21,400 -4.9 19,600 -4.8 82,300 414,000
Utah 4,340 3.9 10,200 45.3 10,700 16.8 8,140 14.7 33,300 140,000
Vermont 297 -28.7 1,170 -13.0 1,420 -4.3 1,020 -19.9 3,910 18,700
Virginia 2,690 27.7 3,510 20.9 3,210 2.5 3,000 -6.1 12,400 73,000
Washington 6,910 -7.3 9,870 -0.8 12,300 -6.8 11,100 9.7 40,200 217,000
West Virginia 104 -57.4 242 -7.5 248 -11.8 128 -30.2 722 3,600
Wisconsin 4,240 3.3 11,600 4.5 13,300 1.1 9,560 -5.1 38,800 155,000
Wyoming 1,070 66.4 2,450 -2.3 3,300 -10.1 1,870 27.5 8,690 38,900
Total XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX 1,210,000 6,410,000
XX Not applicable. -- Zero.
1
As published in the "Crushed Stone and Sand and Gravel in the Fourth Quarter of 2004" Mineral Industry Surveys.
2
All percentage changes are calculated using unrounded totals. Percentage changes are based on the corresponding quarter of the previous year.
3
Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding and differences between projected totals by States and regions.
4
State not included in quarterly survey.
5
Owing to a low number of reporting companies, no production estimates by quarters were generated.
SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION2004 64.7
TABLE 5
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY STATE
1
2003 2004
Quantity Quantity
(thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit
State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value
Alabama 14,500 $67,600 4.67 14,700 $65,300 4.45
Alaska 9,980 55,700 5.58 9,430 51,600 5.48
Arizona 62,600 340,000 5.44 79,600 430,000 5.40
Arkansas 9,720 52,100 5.36 9,370 53,500 5.70
California 152,000 1,150,000 7.54 166,000 1,280,000 7.74
Colorado 37,500 213,000 5.67 40,900 235,000 5.75
Connecticut 8,150 51,200 6.28 8,330 55,600 6.67
Delaware 2,550 17,900 7.05 2,980 21,900 7.35
Florida 30,900 141,000 4.56 29,300 146,000 4.99
Georgia 7,690 31,800 4.14 9,270 39,400 4.26
Hawaii 809 9,560 11.82 1,260 12,100 9.65
Idaho 16,500 59,300 3.60 19,600 74,300 3.79
Illinois 34,600 161,000 4.65 38,700 203,000 5.25
Indiana 32,900 129,000 3.92 28,300 116,000 4.11
Iowa 13,400 61,000 4.54 17,100 74,300 4.33
Kansas 10,700 34,900 3.26 9,930 32,800 3.31
Kentucky 10,000 46,500 4.64 10,300 49,700 4.82
Louisiana 21,200 105,000 4.95 19,400 103,000 5.31
Maine 10,400 47,600 4.56 10,800 49,100 4.52
Maryland 11,800 79,900 6.77 12,700 75,500 5.96
Massachusetts 12,900 80,800
r
6.25 14,400 89,900 6.23
Michigan 71,000 253,000 3.56 69,500 254,000 3.66
Minnesota 48,900 212,000 4.33 54,900 235,000 4.28
Mississippi 14,600 82,600
r
5.64 14,100 80,700 5.73
Missouri 10,600 49,400 4.66 12,200 60,100 4.91
Montana 15,200 74,200 4.86 14,400 80,000 5.57
Nebraska 13,300 45,000 3.39 15,100 53,200 3.52
Nevada 37,100 174,000 4.69 43,100 197,000 4.56
New Hampshire 8,470 41,200 4.86 8,940 46,600 5.21
New Jersey 18,200 105,000 5.77 20,100 120,000 5.95
New Mexico 13,300 65,300 4.89 13,600 89,500 6.56
New York 30,200 172,000
r
5.71 33,100 189,000 5.72
North Carolina 10,500 55,600 5.28 11,500 59,700 5.21
North Dakota 13,500 35,900 2.66 11,700 32,800 2.80
Ohio 47,300 242,000 5.13 50,800 263,000 5.19
Oklahoma 11,000 48,500 4.42 12,000 53,700 4.49
Oregon 18,500 110,000 5.92 21,000 125,000 5.97
Pennsylvania 18,400 115,000 6.25 20,000 127,000 6.32
Rhode Island 2,450
r
21,000
r
8.55
r
2,490 22,000 8.85
South Carolina 10,100 34,700 3.44 9,960 35,100 3.52
South Dakota 11,800 44,800 3.81 14,000 51,700 3.69
Tennessee 7,550 44,100 5.84 7,830 47,500 6.06
Texas 86,200 425,000 4.93 81,700 436,000 5.34
Utah 27,400 113,000 4.11 29,800 125,000 4.18
Vermont 4,520 21,100 4.68 4,970 24,000 4.82
Virginia 11,300 65,500 5.78 12,800 75,800 5.92
Washington 40,700 216,000 5.29 41,500 227,000 5.46
West Virginia 971 4,750 4.90 524 2,500 4.78
Wisconsin 38,500 150,000 3.91 43,400 178,000 4.11
Wyoming 8,290 36,400 4.39 10,200 40,100 3.95
Total or average 1,160,000 5,990,000 5.16 1,240,000 6,590,000 5.33
r
Revised.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
64.8 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2004
TABLE 6
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004,
BY MAJOR USE
1
Quantity
(thousand Value Unit
Use metric tons) (thousands) value
Concrete aggregates (including concrete sand) 260,000 $1,600,000 $6.14
Plaster and gunite sands 12,400 109,000 8.81
Concrete products (blocks, bricks, pipe, decorative, etc.) 6,990 48,900 7.00
Asphaltic concrete aggregates and other bituminous mixtures 74,700 509,000 6.82
Road base and coverings 132,000 635,000 4.80
Road stabilization, cement 5,980 27,100 4.53
Road stabilization, lime 875 5,120 5.85
Fill 72,800 252,000 3.45
Snow and ice control 5,500 27,600 5.03
Railroad ballast 936 7,510 8.02
Roofing granules 108 1,070 9.91
Filtration 1,350 7,900 5.87
Other miscellaneous uses 9,970 84,900 8.51
Unspecified:
2
Actual 313,000 1,630,000 5.20
Estimated 341,000 1,660,000 4.85
Total or average 1,240,000 6,590,000 5.33
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2
Reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.
( )
TABLE 7
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISION AND MAJOR USE
1
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
Concrete products Asphaltic concrete
Concrete aggregates Plaster and (blocks, bricks, pipe aggregates and other Road base and
including concrete sand gunite sands decorative, etc.) bituminous mixtures coverings
2
Region/division Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
Northeast:
New England 4,210 32,300 215 2,090 690 6,220 2,150 15,700 4,790 24,500
Middle Atlantic 10,000 70,000 514 3,600 483 5,030 7,310 44,500 4,970 25,100
Midwest:
East North Central 41,300 188,000 731 4,110 1,190 5,560 16,400 90,400 23,500 107,000
West North Central 23,000 121,000 300 1,700 1,590 9,080 7,870 35,600 23,600 72,700
South:
South Atlantic 32,100 188,000 1,880 11,000 990 6,550 1,750 7,860 1,690 7,160
East South Central 16,200 80,400 663 5,180 315 1,860 3,220 22,900 1,480 5,760
West South Central 45,000 274,000 514 4,460 220 1,900 2,600 16,700 6,840 40,400
West:
Mountain 25,600 156,000 1,390 12,800 233 1,520 11,600 88,800 44,100 195,000
Pacific 62,200 487,000 6,150 63,900 1,280 11,200 21,900 187,000 28,000 190,000
Total 260,000 1,600,000 12,400 109,000 6,990 48,900 74,700 509,000 139,000 667,000
See footnotes at end of table.
TABLE 7Continued
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISION AND MAJOR USE
1
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
Fill Snow and ice control Railroad ballast Other uses Total
Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
Northeast:
New England 3,490 13,800 W W W W 33,100 183,000 50,000 287,000
Middle Atlantic 6,070 25,800 1,620 7,750 51 453 42,200 253,000 73,300 436,000
Midwest:
East North Central 13,800 50,600 1,400 5,240 107 481 132,000 564,000 231,000 1,020,000
West North Central 7,780 18,100 377 1,400 39 672 70,500 280,000 135,000 540,000
South:
South Atlantic 8,140 22,600 83 594 -- -- 42,300 213,000 89,000 456,000
East South Central 1,530 4,410 50 138 -- -- 23,400 123,000 46,900 243,000
West South Central 8,810 23,700 W W W W 58,300 284,000 122,000 646,000
West:
Mountain 8,940 31,400 435 2,290 425 3,550 158,000 779,000 251,000 1,270,000
Pacific 14,300 61,200 226 1,160 251 1,550 105,000 697,000 239,000 1,700,000
Total 72,800 252,000 5,500 27,600 935 7,510 666,000 3,380,000 1,240,000 6,590,000
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included in "Total." -- Zero.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2
Includes road and other stabilization (cement and lime).
SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION2004 64.9
( )
TABLE 7
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISION AND MAJOR USE
1
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
Concrete products Asphaltic concrete
Concrete aggregates Plaster and (blocks, bricks, pipe aggregates and other Road base and
including concrete sand gunite sands decorative, etc.) bituminous mixtures coverings
2
Region/division Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
Northeast:
New England 4,210 32,300 215 2,090 690 6,220 2,150 15,700 4,790 24,500
Middle Atlantic 10,000 70,000 514 3,600 483 5,030 7,310 44,500 4,970 25,100
Midwest:
East North Central 41,300 188,000 731 4,110 1,190 5,560 16,400 90,400 23,500 107,000
West North Central 23,000 121,000 300 1,700 1,590 9,080 7,870 35,600 23,600 72,700
South:
South Atlantic 32,100 188,000 1,880 11,000 990 6,550 1,750 7,860 1,690 7,160
East South Central 16,200 80,400 663 5,180 315 1,860 3,220 22,900 1,480 5,760
West South Central 45,000 274,000 514 4,460 220 1,900 2,600 16,700 6,840 40,400
West:
Mountain 25,600 156,000 1,390 12,800 233 1,520 11,600 88,800 44,100 195,000
Pacific 62,200 487,000 6,150 63,900 1,280 11,200 21,900 187,000 28,000 190,000
Total 260,000 1,600,000 12,400 109,000 6,990 48,900 74,700 509,000 139,000 667,000
See footnotes at end of table.
TABLE 7Continued
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISION AND MAJOR USE
1
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
Fill Snow and ice control Railroad ballast Other uses Total
Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
Northeast:
New England 3,490 13,800 W W W W 33,100 183,000 50,000 287,000
Middle Atlantic 6,070 25,800 1,620 7,750 51 453 42,200 253,000 73,300 436,000
Midwest:
East North Central 13,800 50,600 1,400 5,240 107 481 132,000 564,000 231,000 1,020,000
West North Central 7,780 18,100 377 1,400 39 672 70,500 280,000 135,000 540,000
South:
South Atlantic 8,140 22,600 83 594 -- -- 42,300 213,000 89,000 456,000
East South Central 1,530 4,410 50 138 -- -- 23,400 123,000 46,900 243,000
West South Central 8,810 23,700 W W W W 58,300 284,000 122,000 646,000
West:
Mountain 8,940 31,400 435 2,290 425 3,550 158,000 779,000 251,000 1,270,000
Pacific 14,300 61,200 226 1,160 251 1,550 105,000 697,000 239,000 1,700,000
Total 72,800 252,000 5,500 27,600 935 7,510 666,000 3,380,000 1,240,000 6,590,000
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included in "Total." -- Zero.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2
Includes road and other stabilization (cement and lime).
TABLE 8A
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES
IN 2004, BY REGION AND SIZE OF OPERATION
U.S. total
Quantity
1
Size range Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage
(metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total
Less than 25,000 1,466 23.4 14,000 1.1
25,000 to 49,999 902 14.4 30,300 2.4
50,000 to 99,999 1,119 17.8 73,500 5.9
100,000 to 199,999 1,047 16.7 134,000 10.8
200,000 to 299,999 511 8.1 113,000 9.2
300,000 to 399,999 296 4.7 93,400 7.5
400,000 to 499,999 214 3.4 87,100 7.0
500,000 to 599,999 136 2.2 67,400 5.4
600,000 to 699,999 128 2.0 75,200 6.1
700,000 to 799,999 85 1.4 57,600 4.7
800,000 to 899,999 76 1.2 58,200 4.7
900,000 to 999,999 49 0.8 41,900 3.4
1,000,000 to 1,499,999 121 1.9 130,000 10.5
1,500,000 to 1,999,999 48 0.8 74,300 6.0
2,000,000 to 2,499,999 35 0.6 71,400 5.8
2,500,000 to 4,999,999 34 0.5 102,000 8.2
5,000,000 and more 3 0.1 14,400 1.2
Total 6,270 100.0 1,240,000 100.0
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.
64.10 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2004
TABLE 8B
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY REGION AND SIZE OF OPERATION
Northeast Midwest
Quantity
1
Quantity
1
Size range Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage
(metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total operations of total metric tons) of total
Less than 25,000 294 29.0 2,770 2.2 490 22.1 4,940 1.4
25,000 to 49,999 159 15.7 5,330 4.3 360 16.2 12,200 3.3
50,000 to 99,999 204 20.1 13,400 10.9 419 18.9 27,600 7.5
100,000 to 199,999 170 16.8 21,700 17.6 402 18.1 51,800 14.2
200,000 to 299,999 70 6.9 15,700 12.7 185 8.3 41,100 11.2
300,000 to 399,999 43 4.2 13,700 11.1 94 4.2 29,900 8.2
400,000 to 499,999 23 2.3 9,380 7.6 78 3.5 31,400 8.6
500,000 to 599,999 16 1.6 7,940 6.4 41 1.8 20,100 5.5
600,000 to 699,999 8 0.8 4,630 3.8 44 2.0 25,700 7.0
700,000 to 799,999 8 0.8 5,390 4.4 26 1.2 17,600 4.8
800,000 to 899,999 6 0.6 4,610 3.7 23 1.0 17,600 4.8
900,000 to 999,999 3 0.3 2,700 2.2 8 0.4 6,830 1.9
1,000,000 to 1,499,999 4 0.4 4,110 3.3 27 1.2 28,500 7.8
1,500,000 to 1,999,999 4 0.4 6,160 5.0 13 0.6 20,500 5.6
2,000,000 to 2,499,999 1 0.1 2,030 1.6 6 0.3 11,900 3.3
2,500,000 to 4,999,999 1 0.1 3,800 3.1 5 0.2 13,000 3.6
5,000,000 and more -- -- -- -- 1 0.1 4,970 1.4
Total 1,014 100 123,000 100 2,222 100 366,000 100
South West
Quantity
1
Quantity
1
Size range Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage
(metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total operations of total metric tons) of total
Less than 25,000 202 18.2 1,950 0.8 480 25.0 4,300 0.9
25,000 to 49,999 137 12.3 4,550 1.8 246 12.8 8,180 1.7
50,000 to 99,999 190 17.1 12,500 4.8 306 15.9 20,000 4.1
100,000 to 199,999 182 16.4 23,100 8.9 293 15.2 37,700 7.7
200,000 to 299,999 110 9.9 24,400 9.4 146 7.6 32,100 6.5
300,000 to 399,999 60 5.4 18,900 7.3 99 5.1 30,900 6.3
400,000 to 499,999 53 4.8 22,100 8.6 60 3.1 24,300 5.0
500,000 to 599,999 33 3.0 16,500 6.4 46 2.4 22,800 4.7
600,000 to 699,999 33 3.0 19,500 7.6 43 2.2 25,300 5.2
700,000 to 799,999 23 2.1 15,400 6.0 28 1.5 19,200 3.9
800,000 to 899,999 21 1.9 16,000 6.2 26 1.4 20,000 4.1
900,000 to 999,999 16 1.4 13,700 5.3 22 1.1 18,700 3.8
1,000,000 to 1,499,999 32 2.9 34,700 13.4 58 3.0 62,300 12.7
1,500,000 to 1,999,999 11 1.0 17,000 6.6 20 1.0 30,700 6.3
2,000,000 to 2,499,999 5 0.5 10,100 3.9 23 1.2 47,500 9.7
2,500,000 to 4,999,999 3 0.3 7,890 3.1 25 1.3 77,000 15.7
5,000,000 and more -- -- -- -- 2 0.1 9,430 1.9
Total 1,111 100 258,000 100 1,923 100 490,000 100
-- Zero.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.
SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION2004 64.11
TABLE 9
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE
UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION
1
(Thousand metric tons)
Not Not
Region/division Truck Rail Water Other transported specified Total
Northeast:
New England 12,700 353 -- 20 3,530 33,400 50,000
Middle Atlantic 23,000 18 -- 1,200 3,860 45,200 73,300
Midwest:
East North Central 77,200 406 4,930 141 10,900 137,000 231,000
West North Central 37,600 538 2,620 204 10,700 83,400 135,000
South:
South Atlantic 41,300 351 14 -- 4,700 42,600 89,000
East South Central 13,900 239 3,440 46 751 28,500 46,900
West South Central 45,900 1,260 92 -- 12,600 62,500 122,000
West:
Mountain 68,600 254 -- 86 16,500 166,000 251,000
Pacific 117,000 2,820 2,470 1,260 22,800 92,500 239,000
Total 437,000 6,240 13,600 2,960 86,300 691,000 1,240,000
-- Zero.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
TABLE 10
NUMBER OF CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL OPERATIONS AND PROCESSING PLANTS
IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Mining operations on land
Stationary No plants or Dredging Total active
Region/division Stationary Portable and portable unspecified operations operations
Northeast:
New England 189 215 49 35 -- 488
Middle Atlantic 204 201 47 41 33 526
Midwest:
East North Central 498 437 79 92 95 1,201
West North Central 269 409 33 67 243 1,021
South:
South Atlantic 121 48 18 59 113 359
East South Central 121 24 7 16 58 226
West South Central 217 87 21 69 132 526
West:
Mountain 385 570 101 136 25 1,217
Pacific
1
343 206 66 63 28 706
Total 2,347 2,197 421 578 727 6,270
-- Zero.
1
An undetermined number of operations leased from the Bureau of Land Management in Alaska are counted
as one operation.
64.12 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2004
S
TABLE 11
NUMBER OF CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL OPERATIONS AND PROCESSING PLANT
IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY STATE
Mining operations on land
Stationary No plants or Dredging Total active
State Stationary Portable and portable unspecified operations operations
Alabama 47 5 1 5 13 71
Alaska
1
22 14 2 6 3 47
Arizona 87 83 34 14 8 226
Arkansas 35 10 2 9 7 63
California 195 92 31 24 15 357
Colorado 62 129 19 17 7 234
Connecticut 28 26 10 2 -- 66
Delaware 3 1 -- 2 3 9
Florida 18 3 2 2 36 61
Georgia 12 1 1 -- 24 38
Hawaii 3 2 -- 1 -- 6
Idaho 33 76 6 25 6 146
Illinois 57 29 8 6 41 141
Indiana 88 25 11 9 22 155
Iowa 39 57 5 2 35 138
Kansas 16 23 1 11 57 108
Kentucky 9 1 4 1 9 24
Louisiana 18 8 1 11 59 97
Maine 50 73 9 14 -- 146
Maryland 19 6 5 8 3 41
Massachusetts 60 28 9 2 -- 99
Michigan 157 170 30 31 7 395
Minnesota 107 144 15 23 6 295
Mississippi 44 7 -- 8 23 82
Missouri 35 9 5 1 31 81
Montana 49 68 7 20 1 145
Nebraska 12 18 1 6 113 150
Nevada 46 50 10 10 -- 116
New Hampshire 22 39 9 4 -- 74
New Jersey 29 8 4 -- 15 56
New Mexico 38 44 8 21 -- 111
New York 108 176 31 31 10 356
North Carolina 28 21 6 23 16 94
North Dakota 26 75 2 2 -- 105
Ohio 106 43 13 19 23 204
Oklahoma 21 11 2 11 41 86
Oregon 46 25 9 14 4 98
Pennsylvania 67 17 12 10 8 114
Rhode Island 12 4 2 1 -- 19
South Carolina 13 6 -- 6 18 43
South Dakota 34 83 4 22 1 144
Tennessee 21 11 2 2 13 49
Texas 143 58 16 38 25 280
Utah 51 73 12 16 -- 152
Vermont 17 45 10 12 -- 84
Virginia 25 8 4 18 12 67
Washington 77 73 24 18 6 198
West Virginia 3 2 -- -- 1 6
Wisconsin 90 170 17 27 2 306
Wyoming 19 47 5 13 3 87
Total 2,347 2,197 421 578 727 6,270
-- Zero.
1
An undetermined number of operations leased from the Bureau of Land Management in Alaska are
counted as one operation.
SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION2004 64.13
TABLE 12
RECYCLED ASPHALT CONCRETE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES,
BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
1
2003 2004
Quantity Quantity
(thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit
Region/division metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value
Northeast:
New England 334
r
$1,770 $5.29
r
148 $817 $5.52
Middle Atlantic 56 296 5.29 108 645 5.97
Midwest:
East North Central 1,020 5,520 5.43 840 3,300 3.93
West North Central 1,030 6,290 6.10 553 3,800 6.87
South:
South Atlantic 274
r
1,340 4.90
r
402 1,940 4.83
East South Central 219 745 3.40 44 200 4.55
West South Central 54 290 5.37 18 100 5.56
West:
Mountain 968
r
3,990 4.13 778 3,390 4.36
Pacific
2
1,540 8,410 5.46 1,330 7,590 5.73
Total or average 5,500 28,700 5.22 4,220 21,800 5.17
r
Revised.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2
Includes Alaska.
TABLE 13
RECYCLED ASPHALT CONCRETE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES,
BY STATE
1
2003 2004
Quantity Quantity
(thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit
State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value
Alaska 116 $957 $8.25 56 $343 $6.13
Arizona 137 526 3.84 139 608 4.37
California 1,140 5,970 5.22 1,100 6,200 5.65
Colorado 437 2,020 4.63 364 1,810 4.98
Connecticut 12 82 6.83 15 126 8.40
Georgia 43 275 6.40 -- -- --
Idaho 157 385 2.45 60 218 3.63
Illinois 270 1,320 4.89 234 980 4.19
Indiana 23 100 4.35 -- -- --
Iowa 41 232 5.66 17 81 4.76
Kansas 42 288 6.86 1 9 9.00
Louisiana 50 267 5.34 -- -- --
Maine 109 568 5.21 78 335 4.29
Maryland -- -- -- 86 380 4.42
Massachusetts 117 632 5.40 23 100 4.35
Michigan 365 1,270 3.47 256 635 2.48
Minnesota 913 5,530 6.05 519 3,600 6.93
Mississippi 127 420 3.31 22 120 5.45
Montana 159 714 4.49 -- -- --
Nevada 28 112 4.00 2 11 5.50
New Hampshire 34 141 4.15 -- -- --
New Jersey 38 195 5.13 -- -- --
New Mexico 4 40 10.00 -- -- --
New York 18 99 5.50 108 645 5.97
North Carolina 213 898 4.22 210 985 4.69
North Dakota 12 65 5.42 4 14 3.50
See footnotes at end of table.
TABLE 13Continued
RECYCLED ASPHALT CONCRETE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES,
BY STATE
1
2003 2004
Quantity Quantity
(thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit
State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value
Ohio 6 10 1.67 6 10 1.67
Oklahoma 2 13 6.50 18 100 5.56
Oregon 88 785 8.92 86 645 7.50
Pennsylvania (2) 1 4.42 -- -- --
Rhode Island 47 301 6.40 23 224 9.74
South Carolina 18 168 9.33 99 490 4.95
South Dakota 25 181 7.24 11 100 9.09
Tennessee 92 325 3.53 23 80 3.48
Texas 2 11 5.50 -- -- --
Utah 30 104 3.47 205 697 3.40
Vermont 15 42 2.80 10 33 3.30
Virginia (2) 3 11.06 8 84 10.50
Washington 193 699 3.62 87 407 4.68
Wisconsin 354 2,820 7.97 344 1,680 4.88
Wyoming 16 89 5.56 8 42 5.25
Total or average 5,500 28,700 5.22 4,220 21,800 5.17
-- Zero.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2
Less than unit.
64.14 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2004
TABLE 13
RECYCLED ASPHALT CONCRETE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES,
BY STATE
1
2003 2004
Quantity Quantity
(thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit
State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value
Alaska 116 $957 $8.25 56 $343 $6.13
Arizona 137 526 3.84 139 608 4.37
California 1,140 5,970 5.22 1,100 6,200 5.65
Colorado 437 2,020 4.63 364 1,810 4.98
Connecticut 12 82 6.83 15 126 8.40
Georgia 43 275 6.40 -- -- --
Idaho 157 385 2.45 60 218 3.63
Illinois 270 1,320 4.89 234 980 4.19
Indiana 23 100 4.35 -- -- --
Iowa 41 232 5.66 17 81 4.76
Kansas 42 288 6.86 1 9 9.00
Louisiana 50 267 5.34 -- -- --
Maine 109 568 5.21 78 335 4.29
Maryland -- -- -- 86 380 4.42
Massachusetts 117 632 5.40 23 100 4.35
Michigan 365 1,270 3.47 256 635 2.48
Minnesota 913 5,530 6.05 519 3,600 6.93
Mississippi 127 420 3.31 22 120 5.45
Montana 159 714 4.49 -- -- --
Nevada 28 112 4.00 2 11 5.50
New Hampshire 34 141 4.15 -- -- --
New Jersey 38 195 5.13 -- -- --
New Mexico 4 40 10.00 -- -- --
New York 18 99 5.50 108 645 5.97
North Carolina 213 898 4.22 210 985 4.69
North Dakota 12 65 5.42 4 14 3.50
See footnotes at end of table.
TABLE 13Continued
RECYCLED ASPHALT CONCRETE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES,
BY STATE
1
2003 2004
Quantity Quantity
(thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit
State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value
Ohio 6 10 1.67 6 10 1.67
Oklahoma 2 13 6.50 18 100 5.56
Oregon 88 785 8.92 86 645 7.50
Pennsylvania (2) 1 4.42 -- -- --
Rhode Island 47 301 6.40 23 224 9.74
South Carolina 18 168 9.33 99 490 4.95
South Dakota 25 181 7.24 11 100 9.09
Tennessee 92 325 3.53 23 80 3.48
Texas 2 11 5.50 -- -- --
Utah 30 104 3.47 205 697 3.40
Vermont 15 42 2.80 10 33 3.30
Virginia (2) 3 11.06 8 84 10.50
Washington 193 699 3.62 87 407 4.68
Wisconsin 354 2,820 7.97 344 1,680 4.88
Wyoming 16 89 5.56 8 42 5.25
Total or average 5,500 28,700 5.22 4,220 21,800 5.17
-- Zero.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2
Less than unit.
TABLE 14
RECYCLED CEMENT CONCRETE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERSIN THE UNITED STATES,
BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
1
2003 2004
Quantity Quantity
(thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit
Region/division metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value
Northeast:
New England 333
r
$1,800 5.41
r
151 $563 3.73
Middle Atlantic 267
r
1,670 6.24
r
249 1,820 7.31
Midwest:
East North Central 1,480 7,230 4.89 993 5,250 5.29
West North Central 879
r
4,400 5.00
r
620 3,690 5.95
South:
South Atlantic 119
r
534 4.49
r
306 1,640 5.37
East South Central 3
r
11 3.67
r
-- -- --
West South Central 74 446 6.03 22 100 4.55
West:
Mountain 643 2,720 4.22 358 1,990 5.54
Pacific
2
2,200 11,900 5.43 1,380 8,920 6.48
Total or average 6,000
r
30,700 5.13 4,080 24,000 5.88
r
Revised. -- Zero.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2
Includes Alaska.
SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION2004 64.15
TABLE 15
RECYCLED CEMENT CONCRETE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES,
BY STATE
1
2003 2004
Quantity Quantity
(thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit
State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value
Alaska 7 $39 $5.57 -- -- --
Arizona 3 11 3.67 3 $9 $3.00
California 1,760 10,200 5.79 1,140 7,300 6.46
Colorado 218 1,140 5.22 306 1,760 5.76
Connecticut 6 41 6.83 3 27 9.00
Hawaii 4 26 6.50 -- -- --
Idaho 2 10 5.00 11 49 4.45
Illinois 377 2,150 5.69 286 1,540 5.37
Indiana 64 298 4.66 15 80 5.33
Iowa 34 217 6.38 24 138 5.75
Kansas 16 134 8.38 3 21 7.00
Louisiana 7 44 6.29 -- -- --
Maine 2 11 5.50 3 18 6.00
Maryland 31 160 5.16 241 1,350 5.58
Massachusetts 309 1,690 5.48 131 451 3.44
Michigan 339 1,370 4.03 520 2,710 5.21
Minnesota 766 3,910 5.10 571 3,490 6.11
Montana 148 626 4.23 1 6 6.00
Nebraska (2)
r
(2)
r
7.33 -- -- --
Nevada 89 105 1.18 20 111 5.55
New Hampshire 11 44 4.00 -- -- --
New Jersey 63 255 4.05 -- -- --
New Mexico 110 582 5.29 -- -- --
New York 181 1,310 7.23 249 1,820 7.31
North Carolina 33 180 5.45 13 130 10.00
North Dakota 5 25 5.00 -- -- --
Ohio 58 365 6.29 52 361 6.94
Oklahoma 23 125 5.43 -- -- --
Oregon 18 110 6.11 21 129 6.14
Pennsylvania 23 101 4.39 -- -- --
Rhode Island -- -- -- 7 48 6.86
South Carolina 14 135 9.64 2 15 7.50
South Dakota 58 112 1.93 23 44 1.91
Tennessee 3 11 3.67 -- -- --
Texas 44 277 6.30 22 100 4.55
Utah 67 201 3.00 16 47 2.94
Vermont 4 11 2.75 7 19 2.71
Virginia 41 59 1.44 50 154 3.08
Washington 416 1,600 3.85 221 1,490 6.75
Wisconsin 639 3,050 4.77 121 567 4.69
Wyoming 6 43 7.17 -- -- --
Total or average 6,000
r
30,700 5.13 4,080 24,000 5.88
r
Revised. -- Zero.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2
Less than unit.
64.16 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2004
TABLE 16
U.S. EXPORTS OF CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL IN 2004, BY COUNTRY
1
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
Sand Gravel
Value, Value,
Country or Territory Quantity f.a.s.
2
Quantity f.a.s.
2
North America:
Canada 59 5,050 524 3,860
Guatemala (3) 134 (3) 6
Mexico 17 3,370 22 445
Other
4
5 334 3 77
Total 78 8,890 550 4,390
South America:
Brazil 3 1,670 -- --
Colombia (3) 59 -- --
Peru (3) 4 -- --
Venezuela 1 670 -- --
Other
5
(3) 260 (3) 8
Total 6 2,660 (3) 8
Europe:
Belgium (3) 260 -- --
Denmark 4 3,370 -- --
Finland (3) 13 (3) 25
France (3) 47 -- --
Germany 1 614 -- --
United Kingdom 1 1,240 1 78
Other
6
7 7,780 (3) 3
Total 14 9,950 1 106
Asia:
China 2 304 -- --
Korea, Republic of (3) 152 (3) 3
Taiwan 18 3,090 -- --
Other
7
2 1,090 (3) 7
Total 22 4,630 (3) 10
Oceania, other
8
(3) 200 (3) 17
Middle East, other
9
1 284 2 62
Africa, other
10
2 887 1 20
Grand total 124 27,500 553 4,610
-- Zero.
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2
Free alongside ship. Value of material at U.S. port of export; based on transaction price,
including all charges incurred in placing material alongside ship.
3
Less than unit.
4
Includes Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Costa
Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, the Netherlands
Antilles, Panama, St. Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago.
5
Includes Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, French Guiana, and Uruguay.
6
Includes Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.
7
Includes Brunei, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
8
Includes Australia.
9
Includes Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates.
10
Includes Algeria, Angola, Congo (Kinshasa), Egypt, Gabon, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, South
Africa, and St. Helena.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION2004 64.17
TABLE 17
U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF CONSTRUCTION SAND
AND GRAVEL, BY COUNTRY
1
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
2003 2004
Value, Value,
Country or Territory Quantity c.i.f.
2
Quantity c.i.f.
2
Antigua and Barbuda 56 721 34 441
Australia 25 1,430 33 1,170
Bahamas, The 44 616 170 1,890
Canada 4,110 42,100 3,910 41,900
China 43 2,520 4 1,630
Dominica 20 368 23 453
France (3) 201 (3) 118
Japan 32 4,100 2 551
Mexico (3) 341 548 3,690
Philippines (3) 128 1 145
Other
4
80 5,130 35 4,890
Total 4,410 57,700 4,760 56,900
1
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2
Cost, insurance, and freight. Value of material at U.S. port of entry; based on purchase
price and includes all charges (except U.S. import duties) in bringing material from foreign
country to alongside carrier.
3
Less than unit.
4
Includes Belgium, the British Virgin Islands (2004), Chile (2004), Germany, Haiti, Hong
Kong, India (2004), Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia, Mali (2003), the Netherlands, the
Netherlands Antilles, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Singapore (2004), South
Africa, Spain (2004), Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
64.18 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2004
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PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2004, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
FIGURE 1
EXPLANATION
Production in million metric tons
(graduated symbol area is
proportional to the production
tonnage)
Includes Alaska and Hawaii *
239
251
135
122
47
89
230
50
73
Pacific*
West South Central
East
South
Central
West North Central
East
North
Central
Mountain
South
Atlantic
Middle
Atlantic
New
England