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THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE, Book II.

Now the angle DAE in a semicircle, h a right angle, or AE is perpendicular to AD;
and DF, parallel to AE, is also perpendicular to AD: therefore AE is the tangent of
CDA the half sum; and DF, the tangent of DAB, the half difference of the angles to the
same radius AD, by the definition of a tangent. But tlie tangents AE, DF being parallel,
it will be as BE : BD:: AE : DF
;
tliat is, as the sum of the sides is to the difference of
the sides, so is the tangent of half the sum of the opposite angles to the tangent of half
their difference.
It is to he observed, that in the third term of the proportion the cotangent of half the
given angle may be used instead of the tangent of the half sum of the unknown angles.
Example. In the plane triangle ABC
(Ji(/.
400.),
Let AB = 345 ft.
AC=
174-07 ft.
Z A =
37-' 20'.
Now, the side AB being 345
The side AC
174-07
From
Take Z
A
180
OC
37 20
Their sum is 51907 Sum of C and B 142 40
Their difference 170-93 Half sum of do. 71 20
As the sum of the sides AH, AC = 51
9-07 -
-
Log, 2-715226
To diflerLUce of sides AB, AC = 170-93
- -
2-2328f8
So tiiig. hallsum Zs C and B = 71 20' - -
10-471298
To tang, half dilf. Zs C and B = 44 16'
- -
9 988890
These added, give
Z C =115 36'
And subtracted give Z B = 27
4'
By the former theorem :

As sine Z C
115 36', or G4
24' - - Log. 9-955125
To its opposite side A B 345
- - 2-5378 19
So sine Z A
37
20' . _ .
9-782796
To its opposite side BC 232
- - 2'365488
1052. Theoufm 111. U'lten the l/iree sides
of
a triaiigle are given.
Let fall a perpendicular from the gre:itest angle on the opposite side, or base, dividing
it into two segments, and the whole triangle into two right-angled triangles, the propor-
tion will be

As the base or sinn of the segments

Is to the sum of the other two sides.
So is the difference of those sides
To the difference of the segments of the base.
Then take half the difference of these segments, and add it to the half sum, or the halfba.se,
for the greater segment ; and for the lesser segment subtract it.
Thus, in each of the two right-angled triangles tliere will be known two sides and the
angle ojiposite to one of them, whence, by the first tlieorem, tlie other angles will be found.
For the rectangle under the sum and difference of the two sides is equal to the rectangle
under the sum and difference of the two segments. Therefore, forming the sides of these
rectangles into a proportion, their sums and differences will be found proportional.
Example. In the plane triangle ABC
{Jig. 401.),
Let AB = 345 ft.
AC=232 ft.
BC= 174-07.
Letting fall the perpendicular CI',
Base AB : AC + BC::AC-BC
Tliat is, 345
406-07:: 57-93 :
Its half is
The half base is
The sum of these is
And their difference
AP-BP;
68-18 = AP-BP;
34-09
172-50
206-59=
A P
138-41 = BP
l-'l. 4Ui,
n en, in the triangle APC right-angled at P,
As the side AC =232
To sine opp. Z P
=90
So is side AP =206-59
To sine opp. Z ACP = 62 56' -
Which subtracted from = 90 O
Leaves Z A = 27 04
Loj . 2-365488
10-000000
2-315109
9.949621