186

HISTORY OF AUCIIITECTUIIE. Be T.
panels, "TLMiorally of oak, lined the lower part of tlie halls with greater unity of design and
execution than lieretofore ;
and it now found its way into parlours and nrc.-.cuce chambeis
witli every variety of cypiiers, cognizances, chimeras, and mottoes, which in the castles of
France about the age of Francis I. were called Boisna-ics. Of these some curious speti-
nieus still remain in the liall and chambers of the dilapidated mansion of tlie Lords lie La
Warre at Ilalnacre in Sull'olk. 'Ihe area or court was (juadrangular, and besides the great
staircase near the hall, there were generally hexangular towers containing others ;
indeed,
ti-ey were usually to be found in each angle of the great court, rising above the parapets,
iuii)arting a i)leasant
and ])ictures(jue eHect to the mass of building, antl grouping well with
the lofty and ornamented
chimneys of which we have above s])oken.
4'i9. It is melancholy to reflect upon the dls-
ajjpearance of these mansions which were once
tlie ornaments of the provinces, and now one by
one falling fast away by the joint ojjeration of
what is called repair and by decay. IMost of their
remains have been removed to raise or to be in-
corporated with other buildings for which they
might have well been spared.
'l:!0. The characteristics of the style are cnc/u's,
universally flat, and wide in jiroportion to their
height (_/;i;. 200. ).
Il'iiidows, much more o])en than
in the last period, flatter at the top, and divided in
the upper part l)y transoms, which are almost con-
stantly crowned with embattled work in miniature.
'I'he ceilings or vaultings spread out into such a
variety of parts, that llie whole surface ajjpears
covered with a web of delicate scul])ture or
embroidery thrown over it; and fiom different
intersections of this ribbed work, clusters of pen-
dant ornaments hang down, as j\lr. Millers ob-
serves, like "stalactites in caverns." The .///'-
ijiff
buttresses are eijually ornamented, and the
external surfaces of the walls are one mass of deli-
cate sculpture. The ornaineuts, as may be de-
duced from the above particulars, are lavish
and i)rofuse in the highest degree. Fretwoik,
figures of men and animals, niches and taber-
nacles, accompanied with canopies, pedestals, and
traceries of the most exquisite workmanshij),
carried this style to the summit of splendour;
and all these combined, had, perliaps, no small
share in producing the extinction it was doomed
FiK.Mo. TUD,m AH=H, sT.K,m<,E's^nAPH>,.
tu under-o. (See Book III. Chap.
3.)
431. Scotland boH<-ts of many fine specimens of ecclesiastical arcliitecture. 'i'he abijcys
of Melrose and Kelso, founded by David L, as well of those of Drybiirgh and Jedbu gli.
all in Roxburghshire, prove that the art advanced to as great perfection north of the Tweed,
as it did in England. Roslln chapel, erected by Sir William St. CLiir, for richness and
variety of ornamental carvings cannot be exceeded; its plan is without ])arallel in anv otlur
specimen of the fifteenth century. Holyrood chapel was finished in 1440 by J.inies II.. and
is a beautiful example; the flying buttresses are more ornamented than :iny even in England.
432. Examples of the Florid Gothic or Tudor style are to be seen at the cathedral
churchesof G/oncester, in the chapel of Our Lady; at
Oxford, in the roof of the choir;
at Ely, in Alcock's chapel; at Pettrbnrma/fi, in Our Lady's thapel, arul at Hereford, in the
north porch. In conventual churches, at Wiri.dsor, St. George's chapel
;
at C(irnbri<L,e,
King's College chapel ; at IVestminster, King Henry Vi I. 's chapel; at Great Malrern, in
Worcestershire, the tower and choir
;
at Christ Church, Oxford, the roof of the choir, and
at Evesham Al)bey, in Worcestershire, ihe campanile and irateway.
433. F'or parochial churches, we are unal) e to refer the reader to a complete specimen,
in all its parts, of the Tudor style. The pulpit and screen at Dartmouth in Devonshire, are
worthy of notice, and Edyngdnn Church, Wilts, for its transitional feature-;.
434. Tills section will lie closed by a tal)ular view of the promoter", dates of ereciion,
and dimensions, of the difl'erent cathedrals of England, arranged from the best modern
authorities, such as The Cuthedruls
of
Eii()laiid, by John Britton
;
Wurcister itnd Lincoln,
by C. Wild; Carlisle, by R. W. Billings; CaiUerbary, by
W.
Woolnolh
;
which are the
I)est architectural Illustrations of these strucluri s
;
Piof. Willis's Arcliifcrtiual Histonjof
< 'foilerbury Cfilhtdral, 1845, must i)e referred to by all students; while Murray's Hundbocks
lu the Enylish and Jf'clsh Calhidrals, besides the carelul liL^torical liifurm.ition contained iu