CHAPTER 3: MOTIVATION: definition, components, kinds and classifications.

Child &
Adolescence (midterm reviewer)

*MOTIVATION DEFINITION:

-refers to the internal state or condition that influences behavior and gives it direction in relation to
physiological conditions, interests, attitudes and aspirations.

- it is a concept that stands for the underlying force impelling behavior toward a particular goal.

-involves a complex interaction within the individual and the environment and the intervening variables in
which he lives.

*COMPONENTS OF MOTIVATION:

1. NEED - self explanatory
2. DRIVE - a strong natural need or desire

*THREE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF MOTIVES:

( a motive incites an organism to action and gives direction and sustains once it is aroused).

1. ACTIVATES OR ENERGIZES THE INDIVIDUAL:
(the moment a motive is aroused, a state of restlessness is evidently felt. Motives activate the organism
into a state of readiness for behavior)

2. LEADS, DIRECTS, AND REGULATES BEHAVIOR:

(the directional and regulatory function is geared to the achievement of a goal, reward or incentive. Once
goal is achieved, the sustained activity eases and behavior changes)

3. SELECTING MECHANISM:

(- Motives determine which responses will be appropriate to satisfy the odds and lead to the incentive.

- Responses will be selectively regulated so that only those that are important and will satisfy will be
reinforced)

*KINDS OF MOTIVATION:

1. INTRINSIC:

- an individual's internal desire to perform a particular task
- arise from within the individual

2. EXTRINSIC:

- promoted by factors external to the individual and unrelated to the task being performed such as
recognition or award.


* CLASSIFICATION OF MOTIVES:

A. Physiological
B. Psychological


* PHYSIOLOGICAL MOTIVATION:
(primary motives that keeps an organism alive and are necessary for survival)

1. NEED FOR FOOD:

- hunger is believed to arise when there is a rhythmic contraction of the empty stomach. (hunger is
regulated by two systems:

a. Feeding system that initiates eating when food is needed

b. Stops eating when enough food has been satiated with)


2. NEED FOR WATER:

- people cannot survive without water. The need for water can be a powerful factor in controlling the
direction of behavior.

3. NEED FOR SLEEP AND REST:

- the need for sleep and rest has to be considered in relation to muscle movement for it gradually become
fatigue.

- sleep motive is related to rest need, but it is not the same with it.
(an individual may rest but not sleeping)



4. NEED FOR PROPER TEMPERATURE:

- organisms respond to stimulation in the environment by way of striving to maintain the amount of
temperature at a satisfactory level. This is regulated within the limits by the physiological mechanisms of
homeostasis.


5. SEX NEED:

- hormones secreted by the gonads or sex glands are basically responsible for sexual motivation

- sex need stems from physiological processes and renders the organism's behavior selective and
directional

6. PAIN DRIVES:

- withdrawal reflex:
the moment the pain is experienced, the tendency is a quick reaction to move away from the stimulus.
(experiences that bring pain makes the organism avoid pain)

7. MATERNAL MOTIVATION:

- attachment and protection characterized by unconditional love and care of our mother.

* PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES:
(not directed to the survival of the organism)

1. NEED FOR AFFECTION:

- man is a social being, he needs to belong and enjoys the company of friends who are warm and
affectionate

2. NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT:

- man needs to experience a certain degree of achievement necessary for himself for self-esteem and
social approval.

3. NEED FOR INDEPENDENCE:

- man is endowed with superior intelligence and the desire to assert himself and seek freedom from
restricting stimulus.

4. NEED FOR STATUS:

- status is a prestige dimension which is the distinction or reputation arising from success, achievement,
rank, power or wealth.

5. NEED FOR SECURITY:

- people seek freedom from physical threat, risk and deprivation and of dear of losing a job or shelter.
They are motivated to strive for something that secures or makes them safe.