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JG
TL
32
4
d
J
L
JG T
L
G d T
32
4
Let the deflection at the end =
r
Spring Rate Calculations
I
Torsion Bar Rates: Torsion Bar Rates:
L
r
d
L
G d T
32
4
Then the deflection rate at the free end is found
r
Since T = F x r &
L
G d
r
r x F
32
4
k
r L
G d F
2
4
32
b
a
F
=
F
A B
1
]
1
a
b
d
=
d
A B
Motion Ratio Analysis
2
,
_
,
_
,
_
b
a
k
a
b
d
b
a
F
k =
d
F
A
A
A
B
B
B
I
/otion +atio in the +oad 0ehicle& /otion +atio in the +oad 0ehicle&
N
1he *"ti"n rati" descri&es the displace*ent rati" &etween the 1he *"ti"n rati" descri&es the displace*ent rati" &etween the
spring and the centerline "# the wheel. 1he *"ti"n rati" spring and the centerline "# the wheel. 1he *"ti"n rati"
s.uared ti*es the spring rate gi,es the wheel rate. s.uared ti*es the spring rate gi,es the wheel rate.
Motion Ratio Analysis
Figure 2
I
3sing the pre,i"us analysis and 2igure 4 the #"ll"wing 3sing the pre,i"us analysis and 2igure 4 the #"ll"wing
apply. apply.
N
The abo"e analysis assumes minimal camber change at the wheel& The abo"e analysis assumes minimal camber change at the wheel&
N
The motion ratio can be determined ex!erimentally and the The motion ratio can be determined ex!erimentally and the
measured distance ratio s1uared for an accurate "alue& measured distance ratio s1uared for an accurate "alue&
2os
2
2
!
b
a
K
=
K
,
_
,
_
2
%
K
2
%
+
2
%
K
2
%
= T
R L
,
_
)
K
+
K
(
4
%
= T
R L
2
(K)
2
%
= T
2
Suspension Roll Stiffness
I
1he r"ll sti##ness is then as sh"wn &el"w. 1he r"ll sti##ness is then as sh"wn &el"w.
I
2"r r"ll sti##ness in +/*'Deg 2"r r"ll sti##ness in +/*'Deg
(K)
2
%
=
T
=
K
2
( ) 3 & 34 2
K
%
=
T
=
K
2
I
1he t"tal r"ll sti##ness $ 1he t"tal r"ll sti##ness $
is e.ual t" is e.ual t"
K
+
K
+
K
=
K
d#+'"# R F %
$
2
% 2r"nt R"ll Sti##ness $
R
% Rear R"ll Sti##ness
$
9de,ices;
% Sta&ili=er etc c"ntri&uti"ns
Suspension Roll Stiffness
Lateral Spring Center Position
I
1he Spring -enter t" -g distance 9x; at either end "# 1he Spring -enter t" -g distance 9x; at either end "#
the ,ehicle is i*p"rtant. the ,ehicle is i*p"rtant.
)
K
+
K
(
&
)
K
+
K
( 0 %
K
=
x
r &
& r & r
"- 0 "
&
0 %
)
K
+
K
(
K
=
x
&
r &
r
"- 0 "
1
]
1
*hich reduces to
Lateral Spring Center Position
N
1hen #r"* 1hen #r"*
I
The s!ring center to cg distance 'x) is !ositi"e 'to right of The s!ring center to cg distance 'x) is !ositi"e 'to right of
cg) if cg) if
K
+
K
&
)
K
+
K
( 0 )%
K
(
=
x
r &
& r & r
"- 0 "
&
)
K
+
K
( 1 %
K
'* 0 1
x
& r & r "- 0 "
& K
2
& K
r r & &
Lateral Spring Center Position
I
The location of the 2g from the inside wheel centerline The location of the 2g from the inside wheel centerline
distance l distance l
l l
at each axle can be found from the scale at each axle can be found from the scale
weights at each wheel location& weights at each wheel location&
I
Then by substitution into e1uation . yields e1uation 5 Then by substitution into e1uation . yields e1uation 5
indicating the distance between the s!ring center 'sc) and indicating the distance between the s!ring center 'sc) and
the center of gra"ity 'cg)& the center of gra"ity 'cg)&
%
)
3
+
3
(
3
=
&
r &
r
&
%
)
3
+
3
(
3
0
)
K
+
K
(
K
=
x
r &
r
r &
r
"- 0 "
,
_
K
+
K
K
)
K
+
K
(
%
=
k
& r
r
2
r &
2
3 & 34
1
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
Asymmetric Setup:
LR
w
= !! lb/in RR
w
= 15! lb/in
"#te: A$% = 175 lb/in Track = 68
inches
d#-
&b 0 *%
432 =
K
644
200 + 150
150
150) + (200
64
=
k
2
2
1
1
]
1
,
_
N
The rotational stiffness of the rear axle '% The rotational stiffness of the rear axle '%
ax ax
) due to the tire ) due to the tire
stiffness is stiffness is
N
The rotational stiffness of the rear s!rings and rear stabili6er bar are The rotational stiffness of the rear s!rings and rear stabili6er bar are
( )
T
r %
ax
K
x
% x k
K
3 & 34 2
2
%
t
= tire stiffness '78m)
t
r
= rear trac% width
%
ax
= +otational stiffness '7,m8deg)
( )
5
b 6, r
K
x
% x k
k K +
3 & 34 2
2
%
s
= s!ring stiffness '78m)
t
s
= rear s!ring s!acing
%
b
= +ear stabili6er bar '7,m8deg)
%
r sus!
= +otational stiffness '7,m8deg)
Suspension Roll Stiffness
I
The moment !roduced on the rear axle due to the tire stiffness is The moment !roduced on the rear axle due to the tire stiffness is
I
The moment !roduced on the rear axle due to the s!rings and anti, The moment !roduced on the rear axle due to the s!rings and anti,
roll bar is roll bar is
( )
a
r %
a ax %
x
% x k
K 7
3 & 34 2
2
( )
( )
( )
a "
b a " 6, r
x
% x k
k K 7
1
]
1
+
3 & 34 2
2
a
= 9xle roll angle
c
= 2hassis roll angle
Suspension Roll Stiffness
I
:f no stabili6er bar is !resent the front sus!ension s!rings and the :f no stabili6er bar is !resent the front sus!ension s!rings and the
tire stiffness can be combined as a series system of s!rings to tire stiffness can be combined as a series system of s!rings to
determine an e1ui"alent ride rate& determine an e1ui"alent ride rate&
I
The rotational stiffness of the rear axle due to the tire stiffness is The rotational stiffness of the rear axle due to the tire stiffness is
;
;
, %
, %
r'd#
K K
K x K
K
+
( ) ( )
1
1
]
1
+
3 & 34 2
2
2
x
% x 8r x k
k K
* * ,
b
"
6, *
2 ;
8r x K K
, ,
I
:f a stabili6er bar is !resent the front s!rings and the stabili6er
bar act together '!arallel) to contribute to the stiffness this is
then translated to the tires&
mr motion ratio
Suspension Roll Stiffness
I
-"*&ining chassis r"ll rate with the tire -"*&ining chassis r"ll rate with the tire
c"ntri&uti"n c"ntri&uti"n
( ) ( )
1
1
]
1
+
3 & 34 2
2
2
x
% x 8r x k
k K
* * ,
b
"
6, *
( )
3 & 34 2
2
x
% x k
K
r %
ax
ax *6,
ax *6,
F
K K
K x K
K
,
_
,
_
,
_
b
a
k
a
b
d
b
a
F
k =
d
F
A
A
A
B
B
B
Anti Roll $ar Analysis
I
The deflection rate at the wheel is based on the motion
ratio&
2
.
2
,
_
r
r
k k
bar !(
r
.
= length of the attachment arm r
2
= the !i"ot to attachment length
2
.
2
2
4
32
,
_
r
r
r L
G d
k
!(
1
]
1
,
_
3 & 34 2 32
2
2
.
2
2
4
x
%
r
r
r L
G d
k
bar