EC 1201DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

A. Jawahar,
Assistant Professor, ECE Dept.
SSN College of Engineering
Phone: 044 32909855 275 (Extn : 359)
91-9444067484 (cellphone)
Email: jawahara@ssn.edu.in
Fan-Out
The maximum number of standard logic
inputs that an output can drive reliably.
Also known as the loading factor.
Related to the current parameters (both in Related to the current parameters (both in
high and low states.)
Fan-out
The fan-out of a logic gate is the number of
inputs that the gate can drive without
exceeding its worst-case loading specs.
11
N
Fan-out
Rissacher EE365 Lect #5
Computing Fan-out
General fan-out is the minimum of
high state fan-out
low state fan-out
In each case, determine max input current of In each case, determine max input current of
each expected load and max output current
of the driving device
Fan-out = max output
DEVICE
/ max input
LOAD
Fan-out
L
= I
OL
max
/I
IL
max
(for high state LH)
Rissacher EE365 Lect #5
In-Class Practice Problem
Find the fan-out of the following device when
connected to identical devices
I
OL
max
0.02 mA
I
OH
max
-0.03 mA
V
0.1 V
V
OL
max
0.1 V
V
OH
max
4.4 V
I
IL
max
1.0 A
I
IH
max
1.0 A
Rissacher EE365 Lect #5
In-Class Practice Problem
Find the fan-out of the following device when
connected to identical devices
I
OL
max
0.02 mA
I
OH
max
-0.03 mA
V
0.1 V
V
OL
max
0.1 V
V
OH
max
4.4 V
I
IL
max
1.0 A
I
IH
max
1.0 A
-20 A / 1.0 A = 20 (minimum of two states)
Rissacher EE365 Lect #5
Fan-in
For a given logic family, the maximum number
of inputs available on any one gate is called
the fan-in.
11
N
Fan-in
Rissacher EE365 Lect #5
Propagation Delays
t
pLH
: delay time in going from logical 0 to
logical 1 state (LOW to HIGH)
t
pHL
: delay time in going from logical 1 to
logical 0 state (HIGH to LOW) logical 0 state (HIGH to LOW)
Measured at 50%
points.
Power Requirements
Every IC needs a certain amount of
electrical power to operate.
V
cc
(TTL)
V
DD
(MOS)
Power dissipation determined by I and Power dissipation determined by I
cc
and
V
cc
.
Average I
cc
(avg)= (I
CCH
+ I
CCL
)/2
P
D
(avg) = I
cc
(avg) x V
cc
Speed-Power Product
Desirable properties:
Short propagation delays (high speed)
Low power dissipation
Speed-power product measures the Speed-power product measures the
combined effect.
Noise Immunity
What happens if noise causes the input voltage
to drop below V
IH
(min) or rise above V
IL
(max)?
The noise immunity of a logic circuit refers to the
circuits ability to tolerate noise without causing circuits ability to tolerate noise without causing
spurious changes in the output voltage.
V
NH
=V
OH
(min)-V
IH
(min)
V
NL
=V
IL
(max)-V
OL
(max)
Figure 8-4: Noise Margin
MOS Digital ICs
MOS: metal-oxide-semiconductor
MOSFET: MOS field-effect transistors.
The Good:
Simple
Inexpensive to fabricate
Small
Consumes little power Consumes little power
The bad:
Static-electricity damage.
Slower than TTL
P-MOS: P-channel MOS
N-MOS: N-channel MOS, fastest
CMOS: complementary MOS, higher speed, lower power dissipation.
N-MOS INVERTER
VDD
+5V
DC V
NO DATA
VIN
VOUT
DC V
CMOS NAND Gate
CMOS NOR Gate
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