ORACLE

DML data munitiply

Truy van du lieu : select,insert,update, delete,merger.
DDL
data definition language ngon ngu dinh nghia
Create,alter,drop,rename,truncate,comment
DCL data control language lien quan den bao mat
Grant cap quyen,revoke xoa quyen
TCL Transaction control lamguage
Commit luu vao co so du lieu ,rollback,savepoint khoi phuc lai du lieu


Show user // chi ra user ang s kt ni
Desc dba_users; //xut ra table
Select username from dba_users // xuat ra cac username
Select account_status from dba_users where username=hr // kiem tra trang thai
Connect hr// ket noi toi user khac
Alter user hr account unlock identified hr;// thay doi trang thai va password la hr
Desc user_tables; // xuat cau truc du lieu cua bang
Select table_name from user _table
Select * from contries;
1 .Select t 1 bng
Select list _column_name from table_name
Select 1 as demo from dual; //Ten bang hien thi la demo
Select region_id as id ,region_name as name from regions;// ten hien thi la id va name
Select distinct job_id from employees // k tinh du lieu trung nhau
Select count(employee_id) from employees;// dem so employ_id khong tinh truong null
Select count(distinct manager_id) from employees// dem va loai bo trung lap, dung * tnh c null
Select Blogs study and share as blog from dual;
Or select q<blogs study and share> as blog from dual; //S dng quote ki t <>.[],(){}
Select fitst_name || || Last_name as name from employee// ghp 2 ct
Select first_name, salary from employee where salary >10000 and/or salary <5000;
Select job_title from jobs where job_title like S%; //like S% inh dng bt u bng s v sau ty
//S_l% _ thay th cho k t bt k
Select .. where min_salary between 4000 and 9000;
Select. Where min_salary in/ not in (4000,6000,9000) // = tp hp cc gi tr
Select where manager is not null/ cu lnh is
Select first_name ,salary where order by salary,first_name// mc nh l tng dnv null cui
// order by 2( th t ca column), order by luon o cuoi cung
Select where order by 1 asc, 2 desc;
Select where order by commission_pct nulls first/last (first dung khi tng dn, last dung khi gim dn)
Define name=Ducky// nh ngha bin
Select &name from dual;
Select firstname,salary ,manager from employee where firstname=&name;
Undefined name// remove bin
Select from employees where salary>&money and salary<&money//truyn vo tham s, khi su dung
so khong cn du
Select from employee where salary >&&money and salary <&&money// s dng && lu li gi tr bin
v khng cn nhp li khi s dng
Select from employees where salary >&&money
Set define off/on // bt tt gi tr bin
Ser verify off/on tt bt xut hin gi tri old v new
Select SUM/avg(salary) from employees where job_id=it_pro;
Select min(salary) asMIN, max(salary) as Max from employees where job_id=it_pro;
Select deparment_id, count(*) from employees group by deparment_id;// dem so deparment_id
Select max(avg(salary)) from employees group by jod_id; // toi da 2 lan group
Select job_id, manager_id, count(*) from employees group by job_id,manager_id;
Select job_id,avg(salary), min (salary)from employees group by job_id having min(salary)>8000;// having
dieu kien, where dung cho single columm, having dung cho group column.
Select first_lower(name) , upper(last_name) from employees// viet thuong , viet hoa
Select initcap(viet nam )from dual; vit hoa ch ci V,N
Select concat(first_name,last_name)from employees // ni 3 xu phi concat 2 ln
Select sysdate from dual// tr v thi gian h thng 22-JUL-99
Desc V$nls_parameters //ch v u la view,nls national languge support
Select parameter from v$nls_parameter; check tham s trong view
Select value from v$nls_parameter where parameter=NLS_DATE_FORMAT; // tr v format ngy -
MON-RR
Alter session set nls_date_format=dd-mm-yy hh24:mi:ss // thay i nh dng ngy h thng
Select start_date,add_months(start_date,3) ADD from job_history;// them vo thng, mun gim thay
3->-3
Select start_date ,months_between(start_date,end_date) from job_history //check khong cch so
thang
Next_day(date,#) //# l 1->7 t ch nht n th7
Last_day(date) // ngy cui cng ca thng
Select city,country_name from locations, countries where locations.country_id=countries.country_id;
Select city,country_name from locations l, countries c where l.country_id=c.country_id;
Select city, country_name from locations natural join countries;// tm kim 2 trng ging nhau
Select first_name,start_date,end_date from job_history join employees using(employee_id); // s dng
using khi c 2 trng ging nhau-> khng s dng ng thi natual v using
Select first_name,start_date,end_date from job_history join employees on
(job_histroty.employee_id=employee.employee_id) S dng on thay using/where
Select city,country_name from contries left/right.full outer join locations on
(countries.country_id=location.country_id) // hien ca gia tri khong co trong on
Select e1.first_name NV, e2.first_name from employees e1 join employees e2 on
(e1.manager_id=e2.employee_id) //->selfjoin join 2 thng tin trong cng 1 bng
Create table table_name( colum_name datatype)
Create table students (first_name varchar2(20), last_name varchar2(20), birthday date,grade number(2))
Insert into Students values(toan,cao,23-7-1989,3);
Select systimestamp from dual;
Varchar2,nvarchar2,char,number,float,interger,date,timestamp // kiu d liu
Delete from students where first_name=tuan;
Update students set grade=4 where first_name=toan;
Rollback;
Create table emp as select first_name,last_name from students;// tao bng con t subquery
Drop table emp;
Create table emp as select* from students where 1=2;// to bng con k c d liu
Create table emp as select * from students where first_name likes t%
Truncate table students;// delete table d liu mt nhng bng vn cn, k rollback c
Drop table // xa bng -> khng cn tn ti na
Create table groups (group_id number(2) primary key)
Create table students(student_id number(5) constraint student_pk primary key, name varchar(30),
group_id number(2) constraint student_pk reference group(group_id));
Create table students (name varchar2(30) not null, age number(3), email varchar2(40) unique,address
varchar2(50) default viet nam, constraint students_check_age check(age>12));
Alter table students add (grade number(2));// them column
Alter table students rename column grade to score;// i tn column
Alter table students modify (score default 5);
Alter table students drop column score // delete ct
Alter table students read only;
Alter table students read write;
Create table emp as select * employees;
Create view name as select first_name , last_name from emp;// to simple view
Select * from name;
Create view cities as select city, contry_name from locations nartural join contries// to complex view
Create or replace view name as select first_name from emp; to hoc thay th khi view tn ti
Create or replace force view name as select first_name,ducky from emp; //s dng khi 1 trng cha
tn ti
Alter view name compile;
Drop view name; ..xa view
Insert into name values (viet, tran);// insert vo view nhng thc cht l cp nht vo bng gc
Update name set first_name=ducky where last_name=abc;
Create or replace view r as select * from regions where region_name likeA% with check_option;
Grant select on regions to oe;-> select * from hr.regions // truy cap bang thuoc csdl khac
Creat public synonym TEN for hr.regions //error vi public cap cho tat ca user , ko co public mac dinh la
private
Revoke select on regions from oe;
Alter user oe account lock; // lock 1 user
Create table students (id number(3) , name varchar2(30),address varchar2(30));
Create sequence ids; // gia tri bat dau la 1, ko co gia tri MAX, khong co quay vong
Insert into students (ids.nextval,viet,nghe an);// rollback khong co tac dung voi sequence
Select ids.nextval from dual;
Drop sequence ids;
Increment by A// gia tri tang cho sequence
Start with B// gia tri bat dau ( start with >=min value)
Minvalue C
Maxvalue D
Cycle |nocycle// khi dat gia tri maxvalue no quay lai gia tri start
Cache E|nocache// (mac dinh la 20, lien quan den performance nen dat la cache =50000;)