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z The first few weeks of the course should be review, hence the pace is
fast. It is important for you to keep up!
z Then, watch out….
z Classical Mechanics:
z Vibrations (5 lectures)
» added to final
¾ Length L
¾ Mass M
¾ Time T
z For example:
¾ Speed has units of L / T (i.e. miles per hour).
¾ Force has units of ML / T2 etc... (as you will learn).
z British Units:
¾ Inches, feet, miles, pounds, slugs...
z We will use mostly SI units, but you may run across some
problems using British units. You should know how to convert
back & forth.
mi mi ft 1 m 1 hr m
1 =1 × 5280 × × = 0.447
hr hr mi 3.28 ft 3600 s s
z Example:
Doing a problem you get the answer distance
d = vt 2 (velocity x time2)
d d
(a) P = 2π (dg)2 (b) P = 2π (c) P = 2π
g g
2
(a) ⎛⎜ L ⋅
L ⎞ L4
⎟ = 4 ≠T Not Right !!
⎝ T2⎠ T
d d
(a) P = 2 π (dg ) (b) P = 2 π (c) P = 2 π
2
g g
L
(b) = T2 ≠ T
L Not Right !!
T2
d d
(a) P = 2 π (dg ) (b) P = 2 π (c) P = 2 π
2
g g
L
(c) = T2 =T This has the correct units!!
L
T2 This must be the answer!!
d d
(a) P = 2 π (dg ) (b) P = 2 π (c) P = 2 π
2
g g
Î Displacement in a time ∆t = t2 - t1 is
∆x = x(t2) - x(t1) = x2 - x1
x
x2 some particle’s trajectory
∆x in 1-D
x1
t1 t2 t
∆t
Physics 211: Lecture 1, Pg 18
1-D kinematics
x( t 2 ) − x( t1 ) ∆x
v av ≡ =
t 2 − t1 ∆t
x
x2 trajectory
∆x
Vav = slope of line connecting x1 and x2.
x1
t1 t2 t
∆t
z Consider limit t1 t2
z Instantaneous velocity v is defined as:
dx( t )
v( t ) =
dt
t1 t2 t
∆t
v ( t 2 ) − v ( t1 ) ∆v
aav ≡ =
t 2 − t1 ∆t
dv ( t ) d 2 x( t )
a( t ) = =
dt dt 2
dx( t )
using v ( t ) =
dt
x
x = x( t )
dx
v = v
t
dt
dv d 2x
a = =
dt dt 2
t
a
z We saw that v = dx / dt
z In “calculus” language we would write dx = v dt, which we
can integrate to obtain:
t2
x ( t 2 ) − x ( t1 ) = ∫ v ( t )dt
t1
z Graphically, this is adding up lots of small rectangles:
v(t) + +...+
= displacement
dx
z Similarly, since v = we can integrate again to get:
dt
1
x = ∫ v dt = ∫ ( at + v 0 )dt = at 2 + v 0 t + x0
2
1
x = x0 + v 0 t + at 2
2 t
v
v = v 0 + at
a = const
t
a
(b) v ≠ 0, but a = 0. y
(c) v = 0, but a ≠ 0.
v − v0
z Solving for t: t=
a
⎛ v − v0 ⎞ 1 ⎛ v − v0 ⎞
2
z Plugging in for t: x = x0 + v 0 ⎜ ⎟ + a⎜ ⎟
⎝ a ⎠ 2 ⎝ a ⎠
v 2 − v 0 = 2 a( x − x0 )
2
1
x = x0 + v 0 t + at 2
2
v = v 0 + at
a = const
v 2 − v 02 = 2a(x − x0 )
1
v av = (v 0 + v)
2
This is just
z For constant acceleration: Washers
1
x = x0 + v 0 t + at 2
for constant
2
v = v 0 + at
a = const
acceleration!
z From which we know:
v 2 − v 02 = 2a(x − x0 )
1
v av = (v 0 + v)
2
1 2
x = x0 + v0t + at
2
1 2 2
xn = x0 + v0 nt1 + an t1
2
Physics 211: Lecture 1, Pg 31
Problem 1
vo
ab
x = 0, t = 0
v0
ab
x = 0, t = 0
v=0
x = xf , t = tf
z Above, we derived: v = v0 + at
tf = v0 /ab
v 2 − v 02 = 2a(x − x0 )
− v 0 = 2 ( − ab ) x f
2
2
v
xf = 0
2 ab