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04/04/2011 by AnOiko






28 Votes


19-02-2010
Humorism Four Temperaments
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http://users.uoa.gr/~nektar/history/tributes/ancient_authors/Hippocrates/PeriFysiws.htm
Hans Eysenck (19161997) was one of the first psychologists to analyze personality differences
using a psycho-statistical method (factor analysis), and his research led him to believe that
temperament isbiologically based. The factors he proposed in his book Dimensions of
Personality were Neuroticism (N) which was the tendency to experience negative emotions, and
the second was Extraversion (E) which was the tendency to enjoy positive events, especially
social ones. By pairing the two dimensions, Eysenck noted how the results were similar to the four
ancient temperaments. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Temperaments)

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Humorism, or humoralism, was a theory of the makeup and workings of the human body
adopted by Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers. From Hippocrates onward, the
humoral theory was adopted by Greek, Roman and Islamic physicians, and became the most
commonly held view of the human body among European physicians until the advent of modern
medical research in the nineteenth century.

Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humors theory. It may have origins in ancient
Egypt or Mesopotamia, but it was the Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370 BC) who systemized
and developed it into a medical theory. He believed certain human moods, emotions and behaviors
were caused by body fluids (called humors): blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. Next,
Galen (AD 131-200) developed the first typology of temperament in his dissertation De
temperamentis, and searched for physiological reasons for different behaviors in humans. InThe
Canon of Medicine, Avicenna (980-1037 AD) then extended the theory of temperaments to
encompass emotional aspects, mental capacity, moral attitudes, self-awareness, movements and
dreams.