Sales Training

Jesper Khnau, Ph.D.

Research Manager
Reagent Partnerships Division
Dako
Presentation I
Basic Immunology Update
Cells of the Immune System
RBCs & WBCs Morphology/Characteristics/Function
Sales Training
Cellular Components of Peripheral Blood
Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells
3.7-5.1 million/ul
3,900-11,000 /ul
Basic Immunology
Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs)
Morphology & Characteristics
[http://clinicalcenter.nih.gov/about/news/newsletter/1999/nov99/index.html], specifically
-Round, bi-concave shape, size varies only slightly from cell to cell
-6-8 mm in diameter
-Red color of varying intensities
-Express CD55 59
Basic Immunology
Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs)
Function
-Carry O
2
via Metalloprotein (Hemoglobin), accounts for 97% of the cells dry weight
-Hemoglobin consists of 4 Fe containing Heme groups
-Heme reflects light in red spectrum and binds oxygen in a unstable/reversible way
Basic Immunology
Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells
3.7-5.1 million/ul
3,900-11,000 /ul
Basic Immunology
Types of Mature White Blood Cells, WBCs
Granulocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
T Cells B Cells NK Cells
Plasma Cells
gd
ab
Helper Cytotoxic
Bands Segs
Basic Immunology
Types of Mature White Blood Cells, WBCs
Granulocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
T Cells B Cells NK Cells
Plasma Cells
gd
ab
Helper Cytotoxic
Bands Segs
Basic Immunology
Granulocytes Morphology & Characteristics
Neutrophils
-Segmented Form
- 35-72% of all WBCs in peripheral blood
- 9-16 um in diameter
- Nucleus has 2-5 lobes
(polymorophonuclear leukocyte (PMN)
- Cytoplasm is granular and abundant
- Express cell surface molecules
CD10,11b,15,16,33,45
-Band Form
- 1-3% of all WBCs in peripheral blood
- 9-15 um in diameter
- Nucleus U-shaped
- Cytoplasm is granular and abundant
- Express cell surface molecules
CD10,11b,15,16,33,45
Basic Immunology
Granulocytes Morphology & Characteristics
Basophils & Eosinophils
-Basophil
- 0-2% of all WBCs in peripheral blood
- 10-15 um in diameter
- Nucleus is unsegmented
- Nucleus to cytoplasm ratio is ~1:1
- Express cell surface molecules
CD10,11b,15,16,33,45
-Eosinophil
- 0-8% of all WBCs in peripheral blood
- 9-15 um in diameter
- Nucleus has 1-3 lobes
- Cytoplasm is granular and abundant
- Express cell surface molecules
CD10,11b,15,16,33,45
Basic Immunology
Neutrophil engulfing Bacillus anthracis". PLoS Pathogens 1 (3): Cover page. DOI:10.1371.
Retrieved on 2009-01-04.
5um
Granulocytes Function
- First cells at site of Inflammation
- Ingest pathogens by phagocytosis
- Ingested pathogens contained in
phagolysosomes
[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3APhagocytosis.png here].
Basic Immunology
http://www.ghorayeb.com/NECKABSCESS.html
[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3APhagocytosis.png here].
Granulocyte Function
http://www.ghorayeb.com/NECKABSCESS.html
Basic Immunology
Types of Mature White Blood Cells, WBCs
Granulocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
T Cells B Cells NK Cells
Plasma Cells
gd
ab
Helper Cytotoxic
Bands Segs
Basic Immunology
Monocyte Morphology & Characteristics
Monocytes
- 2-12% of all WBCs in peripheral blood
- 10-30 um in diameter
- Nucleus is horse-shoe shaped
- Nucleus to cytoplasm ratio is ~1:1
- Vacuoles present
- Express cell surface molecules
CD4,11b,14,16,33,45
- Tissue derived form called Macrophage
Macrophages from different anatomic
locations have different names but identical function
-Histiocytes Connective Tissue - Kupffer Cells Liver
-Microglia Cells CNS - Langerhans Cells Skin
-Alveolar Cells Lung
Basic Immunology
Monocyte Function
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Macrophage.jpg)
- Major antigen presenting cell
-Ingest pathogens by phagocytosis
- Ingested pathogens contained in phagolysosomes
[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3APhagocytosis.png here].
Basic Immunology
Types of Mature White Blood Cells, WBCs
Granulocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
T Cells B Cells NK Cells
Plasma Cells
gd
ab
Helper Cytotoxic
Bands Segs
Basic Immunology
Lymphocytes Morphology & Characteristics
Lymphocytes
- 20-53% of all WBCs in peripheral blood
- 6-10 um in diameter
- Nucleus is round -> oval
- Nucleus to cytoplasm ratio is ~5:1
- Three types B Cells, T Cells, NK Cells
B Lymphocyte T Lymphocyte NK Cells
5-20% 41-91% 2-13%
CD19,20,22,45 CD2,3,4,5,8,45 CD2,56,57,45
National Cancer Institute
Basic Immunology
Lymphocyte Function
B Lymphocyte Antigen presenting cell
Immunoglobulin (antibody production)
Lymphocyte Type Major Immunologic Function
T Lymphocyte
Helper (CD4) Modulate immune response via cytokine production
Cytotoxic (CD8) Cytotoxic effect on viral infected cells
NK (Natural Killer) Cell Cytotoxic effect on viral infected cells
Cytotoxic effect on malignant cells
Basic Immunology
Anatomic Locations of Immune Cells
Generative Organs
(Primary Lymphoid Organs) Where cellular components of the immune
system first express antigen receptors and
attain phenotypic and functional maturity
Peripheral Organs
(Secondary Lymphoid Organs) Where mature cellular components of the
immune system are exposed to antigens
and immune responses are elicited
Bone Marrow
Thymus
Lymph Nodes Tonsils
Peripheral Blood Appendix
Spleen Peyers Patches
Basic Immunology
http://hawtaction.com/2008/09/07/BoneMarrow.gif
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caput_femoris_cortex_medulla.jpg
-Where Stem Cells are found
-Generation of all blood
cells called Hematopoiesis
-Hematopoiesis takes place
in the flat bones:
Sternum
Vertebrae
Ribs
Iliac Crests
Anatomic Locations of Immune Cells
Primary Lymphoid Organs, Bone Marrow
Basic Immunology
Anatomic Locations of Immune Cells
Primary Lymphoid Organs, Bone Marrow
http://www.news.navy.mil/view_single.asp?id=4416 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/imagepages/1129.htm
Basic Immunology
Anatomic Locations of Immune Cells
Bone Marrow: B cell development
http://www.news.navy.mil/view_single.asp?id=4416 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/imagepages/1129.htm
Basic Immunology
Anatomic Locations of Immune Cells
Primary Lymphoid Organs, Thymus
Age Mass
birth about 15 grams;
puberty about 35 grams
twenty-five years 25 grams
sixty years less than 15 grams
seventy years less than grams
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymus
-Bilobed organ slightly above aortic arch
-Cortex of the organ is a dense collection
of T lymphocytes
-Where T Lymphocyte ontogeny occurs
learn not to react to self and react to
no-self antigens
Basic Immunology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lymph_node_regions.jpg
Anatomic Locations of Immune Cells
Secondary Lymphoid Organs, Lymph Nodes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymus http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit8_2_lymph_compo1_nodes.html
-Nodular aggregates of lymphoid tissue
-Lymphatic vessels collect fluid (lymph) from interstitial
body spaces and return it to the blood via the lymph nodes
-Dense collection of both B and T lymphocytes
Basic Immunology
Summary of Presentation I
Major cellular components of the immune system
What they look like (morphology)
What their functions are
Their anatomic locations
Basic Immunology
Questions & Answers
Basic Immunology