Building

The Structural Plan &

Parts of the Building
PREPARED BY: ENGR. ALBERT PESTAO
Definition of Terms
1. Structural Plans are sets of drawings prepared by the qualified licensed Structural Engineer.
These comprises the foundation plans, floor framing plans, roof framing plans and details.
2. Foundation Plan this set of drawing shows the location of footings, wall footings, footing tie
beams, walls, details of slab on fill, columns, dimensions from column to column, grid lines,
dimensions and all necessary labels.
3. Floor Framing Plan this may represent the second floor framing plan, this shows the
location and designation of beams, columns, walls, suspended slab, stairwell, grid lines, dimensions
and all necessary labels.
4. Roof Framing Plan this set of drawing shows the location and designation of roof beams,
columns, trusses, purlins, sag rods, cross bracings, gutter, grid lines, dimensions and all necessary
labels.
5. Foundation the lowest division of a building or other construction, partly or wholly below the
surface of the ground, designed to support and anchor the superstructure and transmit its loads
directly to the earth.
6. Footing is that portion of the foundation of the structure, which directly transmits the column
load to the underlying soil.
7. Wall Footing a strip of reinforced concrete wider than a wall, which distribute the loads to
the soil. This also carry the load directly above it such as walls made of concrete hollow block.
8. Footing Tie Beam Tie beams are also sometimes required to keep the foundation elements
from spreading apart during a seismic event. Usually constructed between footings and also used to
carry the walls. Also known as grade beam.
9. Column refers to the vertical structure use to support a building made of stone, concrete,
steel or a combination of the above materials. Also used to carry the beams and slabs.
10. Slab on Fill/Ground slab concrete placed over a dense or compacted base and supported
directly by the ground.





Definition of Terms
11. Suspended slab a concrete slab constructed above ground supported with the beams. Also
used to carry temporary or permanent structure loaded on top of it.
12. Beams is a horizontal structural member used to carry the suspended slab and walls and
supported by columns on both ends.
13. Roof Beam is a horizontal structural member used to carry the roof and supported by
columns on both ends.
14. Roofdeck slab this is found in the top floor of the building and usually exposed to weather.
15. Lintel Beam is a horizontal member used to support the wall above it and usually found on
top of windows and doors.
16. Stiffener Columns is a vertical member constructed between concrete hollow block walls
whose spans exceeds the Code requirements of more than 3 meters.
17. Retaining Walls is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil
when there is a desired change in ground elevation. Usually found on basements and hillsides.
18. Trusses is a structure used to carry the roof and ceiling. Usually made of timber or steel.
19. Pedestal a short column made of concrete and used to support the steel column on top of it.
20. Bearing Wall a wall capable of supporting an imposed load.
21. Reinforcements a system of steel bars incorporated in concrete to add strength and resist
the stresses applied in concrete.


Types of Column Footing
1. Isolated or Independent Footing a single spread footing supporting free standing
column or pier.
2. Combined Footing a reinforced concrete footing for a perimeter column or foundation
wall extended to support an interior column or foundation wall load.
3. Continuous Footing a reinforced concrete footing extended to support a row of
columns.
4. Raft or Mat Footing thick, slab like footing of reinforced concrete supporting a number of
columns or an entire building.

Types of Columns
1. Tied Column has reinforcement consisting of vertical or longitudinal bars held in position
by lateral ties.
2. Spiral Column a circular concrete core enclosed by spirals with vertical longitudinal bars.
3. Composite Column is a column where a structural steel column is embedded into the
concrete of a spiral column.
4. Combined Column where structural steel is encased in concrete with the addition of
welded wire mesh to hold the concrete in place.
5. Lally Column a fabricated steel pipe provided with flat steel plates which holds the beam
in place. The steel pipe is sometimes filled with concrete.
FOUNDATION PLAN
TYPES OF
COLUMNS
PEDESTAL or short column
FOOTING DETAILS
ROOF FRAMING
PLAN
PARTS OF A TRUSS

END OF TOPIC

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