Experiment Instructions

Experiment Instructions
HL 101 Training Panel Thermal

Expansion
01/2001
HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 06/1994
Experiment Instructions
Please read and follow the instructions before the first installation!
Publication-no.: 916.000 00 F 101 11 (A) dtp_2
i
dtp_2
01/2001
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 Technical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 Connecting to Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.2 Measuring the Thermal Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1 Adjusting the Zero Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2 Measuring Thermal Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.3 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 Determining the Coefficients of Thermal Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4 Measurement of the Expansion Force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1 Working Sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ii
dtp_2
01/2001

1 Technical Description
The Training Panel Thermal Expansion demon-

strates in a clear manner the effects of tempera-
ture changes on various pipe materials. The
thermal expansion of pipes can be determined
as a function of temperatures, material and
cross-section.
Heated water flows through 5 different measured
sections. The measured sections can be individu-

ally selected using ball-cocks. The water tempera-
ture is set using a thermostatic mixer. The inlet and
outlet temperatures are measured using a tempe-
rature sensor and displayed on a digital display.
The thermal expansion of the measured sections
is measured using dial gauges (1/100 mm
resolution).
In addition, expansion forces that are generated
can be measured using a force measuring device
when the section is clamped ; the action of a com-
pensator can also be investigated.
The measured sections are a DN 15 PVC pipe with
and without a compensator made of stainless
steel, DN 15 PE pipe, 1/2 „ galvanized steel pipe,
DN 15 mm Cu pipe and DN 8 mm Cu pipe.
Due to the usage of industrial components it is pos-
sible to fabricate and install additional measured
sections made of other materials or with other
cross-sections.
The experimental setup is fitted to a sheet steel
rear wall that is fitted with four handles, is easy to
carry and can be placed on the HL 100 Universal
Stand for Training Panels of the HL 100.01 Supply
Bench.
1 Technical Description 1
dtp_2
01/2001

2 Function
1
2
9
3
10
4
19
5
6
7
8 17 16 18
15 11
16
14
12 13
Rear of Panel
Mixer
13 12
1 Measured Section 1: PVC ,DN15, 10 Dial Gauge for Expansion Measurement

with compensator
2 Measured Section 1: PVC ,DN15, 11 Outlet Ball-Cock
without compensator
12 Hot Water Feed
3 Measured Section 2: PE, DN15 13 Cold Water Feed
4 Measured Section 3: steel, ½” 14 Inlet Temperature Measurement Point
5 Measured Section 4: copper DN8 15 Outlet Temperature Measurement Point
6 Measured Section 4: copper DN15 16 Temperature Measuring Device with Digital Display
7 Inlet Ball-Cock 17 Thermostatic Mixer
8 Fixed Bearing 18 Floating Bearing
9 Force Measuring Device 19 Hose for Compensation of Expansion
2 Function 2
dtp_2
01/2001
Cold and hot water enters the thermostatic mixer

(17) at the rear of the training panel via the hose
connections (13 and 12). Here the water tempera-
ture and the flow rate can be adjusted.
The hot water enters a distribution pipe via the
temperature measurement point (14). The measu-
red section can be selected using the ball-cocks
(7) in the inlet.
The measured sections have a measured length of

1000 mm. They are retained at the inlet end in a fi-
xed bearing (8). At the outlet end a floating bearing
(18) and a connecting hose (19) facilitate expansi-
on. Near the floating bearing there is a dial gauge
(10) for measuring the change in length.
The water that has flowed through the measured
section passes through a second temperature
measurement point (15) and a ball-cock (11) to the
outlet connector (16).
Measured section 1 (2) is equipped with a set of
springs (9) for the measurement of the longitudinal
force when the pipe is rigidly clamped. For this pur-
pose the thermal change in the length of the pipe is
compensated by the application of a longitudinal
force. The free end of the pipe presses against a
set of springs. The compensation force is set by
pre-tensioning the spring set using an adjustment
screw as appropriate. The change in the length of
the spring then yields the force sought via the
spring stiffness. By changing the pipe sections the
effect of a compensator (1) can be investigated.
2 Function 3
dtp_2
01/2001

3 Experiments
3.1 Connecting to Water Supply
– Connect cold water (13) inlet connection on

the rear of the training panel to a water pipe
Rear of Panel
Mixer using a hose.
– Connect hot water (12) inlet connection on
the rear to a hot water pipe using a hose.
– Connect water drain (16) to drain using a

hose.
– Fully open ball-cock (11) in the drain.
Cold Water Hot Water
13 12
3.2 Measuring the Thermal Expansion
– Switch on temperature measuring unit (16)

and insert temperature measuring sensor in
the outlet measurement point (15).
3.2.1 Adjusting the Zero Point
– Set mixer (17) to room temperature

Flow Rate Temperature
– Open inlet ball-cock (7) for the required mea-
sured section.
– Increase flow rate at the mixer and wait until
the outlet temperature is constant.
If necessary correct the room temperature
setting on the mixer.
Dial Gauge
– Adjust the dial gauge so that 1.00 mm is indi-
cated.
3 Experiments 4
dtp_2
01/2001

3.2.2 Measuring Thermal Expansion
Flow Rate Temperature – Set required water temperature on the mixer

(17).
– Open inlet ball-cock (7) for the required mea-
sured section.
– Increase flow rate at the mixer and wait until
the outlet temperature is constant.
Dial Gauge – Read thermal expansion on the dial gauge

and record.
– Repeat experiment with different water tem-
perature
3.2.3 Evaluation
The values measured are recorded in a table and

plotted on a graph.
Thermal Expansion ∆L in mm for 1000 mm Pipe Length
Temperature 15.5°C 29.5°C 40°C 55°C

∆L PVC 0 0.70 mm 1.32 mm 2.51 mm
∆L PE 0 2.50 mm 5.00 mm 8.14 mm
∆L Steell 0 0.17 mm 0.33 mm 0.49 mm
∆L Copper, DN 8 0 0.26 mm 0.49 mm 0.74 mm
∆L Copper, DN15 0 0.25 mm 0.49 mm 0.74 mm
It can be seen that the cross-section of the pipe

(Cu,DN8 and Cu,DN15) does not have any effect
on the thermal expansion. On metals the expansi-
on is linear to the temperature.
Plastics have, in general, a much greater thermal ex-
pansion that can also be non-linear. E.g. the thermal
expansion of polyethylene (PE) is a factor 16 times lar-
ger than that of steel. For a direct comparison a graph
for plastic and a graph for metal is to be plotted.
3 Experiments 5
dtp_2
01/2001

60
50
Steel
Copper
40
Temperature in °C
30
For Comparison: PVC
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Change in Length for Metal ∆L in mm
60
For Comparison:
Steel
50
PVC
PE
40
Temperature in °C
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Change in Length für Plastics ∆L in mm
3 Experiments 6
dtp_2
01/2001

3.3 Determining the Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
The coefficient of thermal expansion α defines the

relative expansion of a material per degree tempe-
rature rise.
∆L = α ⋅ L ⋅ ∆T
∆L 1
α= ⋅ in grd −1
L ∆T
For the calculation a temperature difference of

∆T = 55 − 15 = 40 grd and a length of L = 1000
mm is used.
Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
Calculated Coefficients
Coefficients of Thermal
Change in Length of Thermal Expansion
Material
Lin mm Expansion from Literature
α in grd −1 α in grd −1
Polyvinylcloride PVC 2.51 6.275 . 10-5 7.0 . 10-5
Polyethylene PE 8.14 20.35 . 10-5 20.0 . 10-5
Steel 0.49 1.225 . 10-5 1.23 . 10-5
Copper 0.74 1.85 . 10-5 1.68 . 10-5
The measured and calculated values match very

well with the values from the literature.
3 Experiments 7
dtp_2
01/2001

3.4 Measurement of the Expansion Force
Measured section 1 (2) is equipped with a set of

springs (9) for the measurement of the longitudinal
force when the pipe is rigidly clamped. For this
purpose the thermal change in the length of the
pipe is compensated by the application of a
longitudinal force.
– Place mixer (17) at room temperature
– Open inlet ball-cock (7) on measured sect. 1.

Increase flow rate at the mixer and wait until the
Set to 1.00 outlet temperature (15) is constant.
If necessary correct the room temperature setting
at the mixer.
– Apply a small amount of tension to the
springs using the adjustment screw (none
loose).
x1
– Adjust the dial gauge so that exactly 1.00 mm
is indicated.
– Measure distance x1 between the spring bra-
ckets with the caliper gauge and record
Set to 1.00
Set mixer to the required temperature and wait un-
til the outlet temperature (15) is constant.
– Compensate for thermal expansion by tensio-
ning the springs using the adjustment screw
until the dial gauge indicates 1.00 again.
x2
– Measure distance x2 between the spring bra-
ckets and record
The difference between the two distances gives
the spring displacement. Using the spring constant
it is possible to calculate the longitudinal force from
the displacement .
F = c ⋅ (x 1 − x 2 ) = 156 ⋅ ( 29.0 − 27.3) = 202.8 N
3 Experiments 8
dtp_2
01/2001

4 Technical Data
Overall Dimensions:
LxWxH 1650 x 200 x 1100 mm
Weight: 65 kg
Supply:
Hot Water Connection:
quick-action coupling with hose connection
Cold Water Connection:

Waste Water:
Thermostatic Mixer with Expanding Thermostat:

Type: Automatic 2000
Connection G« „
Digital Thermometer:
Temperature Range: -50 øC - +150 øC
Accuracy ±1 øC
Resolution: 0.1 øC
Supply (Battery) 9 VDC
Measured Sections
Length L: 1000 mm
Nominal Diameters: PVC,PE,Cu DN 15
Cu DN 8
St ½ “
Force Measuring Device:
Spring Rate per Spring: 78 N/mm
Total Spring Rate c: 156 N/mm
4 Technical Data 9
dtp_2
01/2001

5 Appendix
5.1 Working Sheet
Thermal Expansion ∆L in mm for 1000 mm Pipe Length
Temperature
∆L PVC
∆L PE
∆L Steel
∆L Copper, DN 8
∆L Copper, DN15
60
50
40
Temperature in °C
30
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Change in Length ∆L in mm
5 Appendix 10

Experiment Instructions

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Experiment Instructions

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Experiment Instructions

HL 101 Training Panel Thermal

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

Publication-no.: 916.000 00 F 101 11 (A) dtp_2

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

3.1 Connecting to Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

5.1 Working Sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

The Training Panel Thermal Expansion demon-

sections. The measured sections can be individu-

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

1 Measured Section 1: PVC ,DN15, 10 Dial Gauge for Expansion Measurement

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

Cold and hot water enters the thermostatic mixer

The measured sections have a measured length of

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

3.1 Connecting to Water Supply

– Connect cold water (13) inlet connection on

– Connect water drain (16) to drain using a

3.2 Measuring the Thermal Expansion

– Switch on temperature measuring unit (16)

3.2.1 Adjusting the Zero Point

– Set mixer (17) to room temperature

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

Flow Rate Temperature – Set required water temperature on the mixer

Dial Gauge – Read thermal expansion on the dial gauge

The values measured are recorded in a table and

Thermal Expansion ∆L in mm for 1000 mm Pipe Length

Temperature 15.5°C 29.5°C 40°C 55°C

It can be seen that the cross-section of the pipe

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

For Comparison: PVC

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

The coefficient of thermal expansion α defines the

For the calculation a temperature difference of

Coefficients of Thermal Expansion

Polyvinylcloride PVC 2.51 6.275 . 10-5 7.0 . 10-5

Polyethylene PE 8.14 20.35 . 10-5 20.0 . 10-5

Steel 0.49 1.225 . 10-5 1.23 . 10-5

Copper 0.74 1.85 . 10-5 1.68 . 10-5

The measured and calculated values match very

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

Measured section 1 (2) is equipped with a set of

– Open inlet ball-cock (7) on measured sect. 1.

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

Cold Water Connection:

Thermostatic Mixer with Expanding Thermostat:

HL 101 TRAINING PANEL THERMAL EXPANSION

5.1 Working Sheet

Thermal Expansion ∆L in mm for 1000 mm Pipe Length

Potrebbero piacerti anche