CCSS Geometry Unit 1- 2

WEEK COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS TEXTBOO

K
Mathshe
essons
!OCABU"AR#
UN$T 1 Con%r&en'e
G-CO - Congruence

Make geometric constructions
12. Make formal geometric constructions with a variety of tools and methods (compass and
straightedge, string, reflective devices, paper folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.). Copying a
segment; copying an angle; isecting a segment; isecting an angle; constructing perpendicular
lines, including the perpendicular isector of a line segment; and constructing a line parallel to a
given line through a point not on the line.
S(et'h)a*
Com)ass
an* r&ers
$ns'ri+in%
an*
Cir'&ms'ri+in
% ri%ht
trian%e
'om)ass
Geometri' 'onstr&'tion
Se%ment
Bise'tor
strai%hte*%e
1,- Construct an e!uilateral triangle, a s!uare, and a regular he"agon inscried in a circle.
'onstr&'ti
on
E.&iatera trian%e
/e0a%on
s.&are
re%&ar
ins'ri+e* 'ir'e
Experiment with transformations in the plane
1.#now precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, ased
on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc.
S(et'h)a*
Com)ass
an* r&ers
Trans1ormin%
2D 2i%&res
trans1ormation
)oint
ray
)er)en*i'&ar
)arae
2- $epresent transformations in the plane using, e.g., transparencies and geometry software;
descrie transformations as functions that take points in the plane as inputs and give other points as
outputs. Compare transformations that preserve distance and angle to those that do not (e.g.,
translation versus hori%ontal stretch).
1-3
12-1 4
12-,
Center o1 *iation
Enar%ement
Gi*e re5e'tion
$sometry
,- &iven a rectangle, parallelogram, trape%oid, or regular polygon, descrie the rotations and
reflections that carry it onto itself.
12-, "ine o1 symmetry
Re*&'tion
Re%&ar tesseation
6- 'evelop definitions of rotations, reflections, and translations in terms of angles, circles,
perpendicular lines, parallel lines, and line segments.
Written
e0)anatio
symmetry
tesseation
n transation symmetry
7- &iven a geometric figure and a rotation, reflection, or translation, draw the transformed figure
using, e.g., graph paper, tracing paper, or geometry software. (pecify a se!uence of transformations
that will carry a given figure onto another
12-1
12-6
8eri1y 9ith
te'hnoo%
y
)ro:e't
9ith
tesseatio
n
rotation
re5e'tion
transition
Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions

).*se geometric descriptions of rigid motions to transform figures and to predict the effect of a given
rigid motion on a given figure; given two figures, use the definition of congruence in terms of rigid
motions to decide if they are congruent.
1-3
12-1 4
12-7
12-3
Anay;in%
'on%r&en'e
<roo1
Ri%i* motion
Con%r&en'e
3- *se the definition of congruence in terms of rigid motions to show that two triangles are congruent
if and only if corresponding pairs of sides and corresponding pairs of angles are congruent.
3-= 'on%r&ent
'orres)on*in%
>- +"plain how the criteria for triangle congruence (,(,, (,(, and ((() follow from the definition of
congruence in terms of rigid motions.
6-, 4 6-= Con%r&ent )oy%ons
Corres)on*in% an%es
Corres)on*in% si*es
C<CTC
E0terior an%e
$n'&*e* an%e
Prove geometric theorems
-. .rove theorems aout lines and angles. /heorems include0 vertical angles are congruent; when a
transversal crosses parallel lines, alternate interior angles are congruent and corresponding angles
are congruent; points on a perpendicular isector of a line segment are e"actly those e!uidistant
from the segment1s endpoints.
,-1 4 ,-6 1- E8a&atin%
Statements
a+o&t en%th
an* area
2- <roo1 o1
the
<ytha%orean
Thm
,- So8in%
Geometri'
<ro+ems-
!erti'a an%es
Trans8ersa
<arae ines
Aternate interior an%es
Corres)on*in% an%es
Aternate e0terior an%es
E.&i*istant
2oo*i%ht
1?- .rove theorems aout triangles. /heorems include0 measures of interior angles of a triangle
sum to 1234; ase angles of isosceles triangles are congruent; the segment 5oining midpoints of two
sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and half the length; the medians of a triangle meet at a
point.
6-1 4 6-2
6->
7-6
7-,
E.&iatera trian%e
$sos'ees trian%e
O+t&se trian%e
S'aene trian%e
!erte0 an%e
11- .rove theorems aout parallelograms. /heorems include0 opposite sides are congruent,
opposite angles are congruent, the diagonals of a parallelogram isect each other, and conversely,
rectangles are parallelograms with congruent diagonals.
=-2 4 =-= tra)e;oi*
(ite
mi*se%ment
rhom+&s
8erte0 o1 a )oy%on
UN$T 2 Simiarity
G-SRT - (imilarity, $ight /riangles, and /rigonometry
Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations
1. 6erify e"perimentally the properties of dilations given y a center and a scale factor0
a. , dilation takes a line not passing through the center of the dilation to a parallel line, and
leaves a line passing through the center unchanged.
. /he dilation of a line segment is longer or shorter in the ratio given y the scale factor.
3-= Anay;in%
'on%r&en'e
<roo1
*iation
'ross )ro*&'ts
e0tremes
means
ratio
simiar
2- &iven two figures, use the definition of similarity in terms of similarity transformations to decide if
they are similar; e"plain using similarity transformations the meaning of similarity for triangles as the
e!uality of all corresponding pairs of angles and the proportionality of all corresponding pairs of
sides.
3-, Simiar ratio
Simiar )oy%ons
S'ae 1a'tor
,- Use the properties of similarity transformations to estalish the ,, criterion for two triangles to e
similar.
3-, simiarity
Prove theorems involving similarity
7..rove theorems aout triangles. /heorems include0 a line parallel to one side of a triangle divides
the other two proportionally, and conversely; the .ythagorean /heorem proved using triangle
similarity.
7-3 <ytha%orean Theorem
"e%s
hy)oten&se
7- *se congruence and similarity criteria for triangles to solve prolems and to prove relationships in
geometric figures.
3-,
3-6
Trian%e <ro)ortionaity
Theorem
UN$T
,
STANDARD TEXTBOOK NOTES !o'a+&ary
GPE Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations
1 Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically
4. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically. For example prove
or disprove that a !igure de!ined by !our given points in the coordinate plane is a
rectangle"
1-=
6-3
2in*in%
e.&ation
s o1
)arae
an*
)er)en*i
'&ar
ines
Geometri' theorem
'oor*inate
, #. Prove the slope criteria !or parallel and perpendicular lines and use them to solve
geometric problems $e.g. !ind the equation o! a line parallel or perpendicular to a given
line that passes through a given point%.
,-1-,-2
,-, 4 ,-=
Aternate e0terior an%es
Same-si*e interior
Corres)on*in% an%es
<er)en*i'&ar +ise'tor
Same si*e interior an%e
7 &. Find the point on a directed line segment between two given points that partitions the
segment in a given ratio.
1-=
3-1 4 3-7
Ratio
"ine se%ment
3 '. Use coordinates to compute perimeters o! polygons and areas o! triangles and
rectangles e.g. using the distance !ormula.
1-7
1-=
@-,-@-6
A)othem
Centra an%e
Com)osite A%&re
C$RC"ES
> Understand and apply theorems about circles
(. Prove that all circles are similar.
SO"!E 2OR
<$
1-$ns'ri+i
n% an*
Cir'es
Simiar
'ir'&ms'
ri+in%
ri%ht
trian%es
2-Geome
tri'
<ro+ems
'ir'es
an*
trian%es
). *denti!y and describe relationships among inscribed angles radii and chords. *nclude
the relationship
between central inscribed and circumscribed angles" inscribed angles on a diameter are
right angles" the
radius o! a circle is perpendicular to the tangent where the radius intersects the circle.
11-1
11-2
11-7
A*:a'ent ar's
Chor*
Tan%ents
Se'ant
ins'ri+e* an%es
se'tor
inter'e)te* ar'
@ +. ,onstruct the inscribed and circumscribed circles o! a triangle and prove properties o!
angles !or a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle.
7-1
7-2
)% ,>?
-,>1
$ns'ri+e* 'ir'e
Cir'&ms'ri+e* 'ir'e
4. $-% ,onstruct a tangent line !rom a point outside a given circle to the circle. 11-6
Constr&'ti
on
)% ,3@
tan%ent
Find arc lengths and areas o! sectors o! circles
#. .erive using similarity the !act that the length o! the arc intercepted by an angle is
proportional to the radius and de!ine the radian measure o! the angle as the constant o!
proportionality" derive the !ormula !or the area o! a sector. ,onvert between degrees and
radians.
11-, Se'tors
o1 'ir'es
Se'tor
Ra*ian
Constant o1 )ro)ortionaity
G<E Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations G/GPE
0ranslate between the geometric description and the equation !or a conic section
11-3
@-2
Coni' se'tion
<ara+oa
(. .erive the equation o! a circle o! given center and radius using the Pythagorean
0heorem" complete the square to !ind the center and radius o! a circle given by an
equation.
). .erive the equation o! a parabola given a !ocus and directrix.
A%e+ra 2
+oo(
1?-2
1?-7
UN$T 6
SRT SimiarityB ri%ht trian%es an* Tri%onometry
1-, &. Understand that by similarity side ratios in right triangles are properties o! the angles
in the triangle leading to de!initions o! trigonometric ratios !or acute angles.
>-1 1-$ns'ri+i
n% an*
'ir'&ms'
ri+in%
ri%ht
trian%es
2-'&ttin%
'orners
,-Ca'&a
tn%
8o&mes
o1
'om)o&n
* o+:e'ts
Simiarity
Ratio
Tri%onometri' ratio
6 '. Explain and use the relationship between the sine and cosine o! complementary angles. >-2
>-,
) 727
Sine
Cosine
'om)ementary
7-3 1. Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean 0heorem to solve right triangles in
applied problems.
>-6 Tri%onometri' ratios
<ytha%orean Theorem
1.( .erive and use the trigonometric ratios !or special right triangles. $+23 &23 and 423
and 4#3 4#3 and 423% (CA Standard Geometry 4 20.0)
7-3
7->
) ,6>
Rationai;e
Ra*i'a 1orm
Denominator
<ytha%orean Theorem
> GMD Geometri' Meas&rement an* Dimension
Explain volume !ormulas and use them to solve problems
(. Give an in!ormal argument !or the !ormulas !or the circum!erence o! a circle area o! a
circle volume o! a cylinder pyramid and cone. Use dissection arguments ,a8aieriCs
principle and in!ormal limit arguments.
< =71
re8ie9
< ,3
1?-=
1?-3
1-
E8a&atin
%
stateme
nt a+o&t
enar%e
ment D2D
an* ,DE
2-Ca'&a
tn%
8o&mes
o1
'om)o&n
* o+:e'ts
,-E.&ati
ons o1
'ir'es 2
Atit&*e
Ri%ht 'one
Ri%ht 'yin*er
Ri%ht )rism
Ri%ht )yrami*
Sant hei%ht
S)here
S&r1a'e area
8o&me
). $-% Give an in!ormal argument using ,a8aieriCs principle !or the !ormulas !or the
volume o! a sphere and other solid !igures.
< =>>
=@@
1?-= an*
han*s on
@ +. Use volume !ormulas !or cylinders pyramids cones and spheres to solve problems. 1?-=
1?-3
1?->
<oyhe*ron
Cross se'tion
1? 5isuali6e relationships between two/dimensional and three/dimensional ob7ects
4. *denti!y the shapes o! two/dimensional cross/sections o! three/dimensional ob7ects and
identi!y three dimensional ob7ects generated by rotations o! two/dimensional ob7ects.
1?-1 - 1?-6 Roin%
'&)s
Cross-se'tions
Three *imensiona
Rotation
T9o *imensiona
#. 8now that the e!!ect o! a scale !actor o! 9 greater than 6ero on length area and volume
is to multiply each by 9 9) and 9+ respectively" determine length area and volume
measures using scale !actors.
< 31,
322
326
1?-7 -
1?->
Base area
"atera area
Atit&*e
1?-=
1o'&s on
8o&me
'han%e
9ithin the
se'tions
&. 5eri!y experimentally that in a triangle angles opposite longer sides are larger sides
opposite larger angles are longer and the sum o! any two side lengths is greater than the
remaining side length" apply these relationships to solve real/world and mathematical
problems.
< ,,1
7-7
C< Statisti's an* <ro+a+iity
Re1er to %eometry ma) Unit 6 se'tions s-C< an* s- MD
,onditional Probability and the :ules o! Probability ;/,P
Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret
data
(. .escribe events as subsets o! a sample space $the set o! outcomes% using characteristics
$or categories% o! the outcomes or as unions intersections or complements o! other
events DForB Fan*B FnotE.
). Understand that two events < and = are independent i! the probability o! < and =
occurring together is the product o! their probabilities and use this characteri6ation to
determine i! they are independent.
+. Understand the conditional probability o! < given = as P$< and =%>P$=% and interpret
independence o! < and = as saying that the conditional probability o! < given = is the
same as the probability o! < and the conditional probability o! = given < is the same as
the probability o! =.
4. ,onstruct and interpret two/way !requency tables o! data when two categories are
associated with each ob7ect being classi!ied. Use the two/way table as a sample space to
decide i! events are independent and to approximate conditional probabilities. For
example collect data !rom a random sample o! students in your school on their !avorite
sub7ect among math science and English. Estimate the probability that a randomly
selected student !rom your school will !avor science given that the student is in tenth
1-
Mo*ein
%
Con*itio
na
<ro+- 2
2-
Me*i'a
Testin%
O&t'ome
$n*e)en*en'e
De)en*en'e
Unions
$nterse'tion
<ro+a+iity
Con*itiona )ro+a+iity
2re.&en'y
Ran*om
Com)o&n*
Com)&tation
<erm&tation
grade. .o the same !or other sub7ects and compare the results.
#. :ecogni6e and explain the concepts o! conditional probability and independence in
everyday language and everyday situations. For example compare the chance o! having
lung cancer i! you are a smo9er with the chance o! being a smo9er i! you have lung
cancer.
Use the rules o! probability to compute probabilities o! compound events in a uni!orm
probability model
&. Find the conditional probability o! < given = as the !raction o! =Cs outcomes that also
belong to < and interpret the answer in terms o! the model.
'. <pply the <ddition :ule P$< or =% ? P$<% - P$=% 4 P$< and =% and interpret the
answer in terms o! the model.
1. $-% <pply the general @ultiplication :ule in a uni!orm probability model P$< and =%
? P$<%P$=A<% ?
P$=%P$<A=% and interpret the answer in terms o! the model.
4. $-% Use permutations and combinations to compute probabilities o! compound events
and solve problems.
Using Probability to @a9e .ecisions ;/@.
Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems
(. $-% .e!ine a random variable !or a quantity o! interest by assigning a numerical value
to each event in a sample space" graph the corresponding probability distribution using
the same graphical displays as !or
data distributions.
). $-% ,alculate the expected value o! a random variable" interpret it as the mean o! the
probability distribution.
+. $-% .evelop a probability distribution !or a random variable de!ined !or a sample space
in which theoretical probabilities can be calculated" !ind the expected value. For example
!ind the theoretical probability distribution !or the number o! correct answers obtained by
guessing on all !ive questions o! a multiple/choice test where each question has !our
choices and !ind the expected grade under various grading schemes.
4. $-% .evelop a probability distribution !or a random variable de!ined !or a sample space
in which probabilities are assigned empirically" !ind the expected value. For example
!ind a current data distribution on the number o! 05 sets per household in the United
;tates and calculate the expected number o! sets per household. Bow many 05 sets
would you expect to !ind in (22 randomly selected householdsC
"&'(y
Di)
Use probability to evaluate outcomes o! decisions
#. $-% Deigh the possible outcomes o! a decision by assigning probabilities to payo!!
values and !inding expected values.
a. Find the expected payo!! !or a game o! chance. For example !ind the expected
winnings !rom a state lottery tic9et or a game at a !ast/!ood restaurant.
b. Evaluate and compare strategies on the basis o! expected values. For example compare
a high deductible versus a low/deductible automobile insurance policy using various but
reasonable chances o! having a minor or a ma7or accident.
&. $-% Use probabilities to ma9e !air decisions $e.g. drawing by lots using a random
number generator%.
'. $-% <naly6e decisions and strategies using probability concepts $e.g. product testing
medical testing pulling a hoc9ey goalie at the end o! a game%.