Student Instructional Material 1

Subject: Biology Type of Lesson: Power Point slide presentation with

questions/answers and discussion
Grade: 11 CSEC OBJ: D 3.1 Students should be able to
discuss the physiological, social and
economic effects of drug abuse.
Term: 2 UNIT: 17 Disease and Its Impact on Humans
Duration: 3 X 40 minutes Lesson: 6 The Effects of Drug Abuse
Week: 6
Objectives
As a result of this lesson, you will be able to:
1) define the terms: drug, medicine, dose, drug use, drug abuse, drug
effect and compulsive behaviour and addiction.
2) discuss the above terms with reference to alcohol, various
commonly used prescription drugs and one illegal drug.
3) from their observations, describe the kinds of effects that drug
abuse is likely to have on the individual and the society as a whole.
4) develop a better awareness and understanding of why they should
not abuse drugs.
Prerequisite Student Knowledge
You should be familiar with/know that:
1) the structure and function of various human body systems and
especially the coordinating role of the central nervous system.
2) various diseases are treated with drugs.
3) some of the harmful effects of pollution of the internal human
environment.
Important Points

1) A drug is substance other than food that is taken into the body and
which changes the way the body and/or the mind works.
2) A drug is generally described as either legal or illegal, based
mainly on its possession, cultivation or manufacture, sale and use.
3) All substances designated as medicines are drugs. They are usually
considered legal when prescribed by a doctor and used or
administered in the prescribed way.
Student Instructional Material 2
4) Legal drugs are available as over-the-counter or non
prescription drugs and prescription drugs for which there must
be legally written accurate instructions from a doctor as to its use,
dosage etc. called a prescription.
5) Drugs are generally classified according to the physiological
effects upon the body, e.g. stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens,
performance-enhancing drugs
6) Stimulants produce a quick but temporary increase in energy.
Examples are caffeine, crack and cocaine.
7) Depressants are drugs that cause a slowing down or depression of
the central nervous system activities. Alcohol, volatile
solvents/inhalants, sleeping pills, opium, heroin are examples.
8) Hallucinogens are drugs that dramatically alter and affect the
users perception, emotion and mental abilities. To such an extent
that they distort the senses and can cause sensory images similar
to nightmares. LSD and marijuana are examples.
9) Performanceenhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids are used
in veterinarian medicine and in some human treatments. They have
been used in more recent times by athletes to improve muscle
development and endurance
Key Terms
Addiction


Alcoholism effect Antibiotic


Dose/dosage Drug abuse Drug misuse Pychoactive

Medicine Transdermal

Challenge Areas
Do your own survey to try to find out how many students have used
alcohol, ganja, tobacco and cocaine and the age at which they started.
Present your findings via graphs.
Equipment/Materials Needed
Multimedia equipment set up and ready for use, Internet connectivity,
Power Point slides; posters.
Note to Student
The frequent deaths of various celebrities from over use/abuse
especially of prescription drugs is the starting point to stimulate
discussion for you to find out more about drugs and their effects.

Your teacher might invite persons from the Jamaican Council on
Drug Abuse to come to talk to/interact with you so that you can learn
Student Instructional Material 3
and share relevant information especially your possible experiences
arising from their everyday encounters with addicts.

This lesson relies heavily on the Power Point slide presentation in
which is incorporated various text readings and videos to watch.

Introduction
1) Introductory Activity

a. Did you see and read this article or other similar ones?
Read it, and answer the questions that follow, adding your
own questions if necessary.
Michael Jackson dead at 50: did drugs kill the King of Pop?
Michael Jackson's death from a cardiac arrest was probably the result
of drug abuse, said a family lawyer who claimed the star was addicted to
painkilling medication. By Anita Singh, Showbusiness Editor; Published:
12:13PM BST 26 June 2009

. Jackson's family had long been concerned about his use of
prescription drugs .. There were reports that the 50-year-old
singer had been given a painkilling injection shortly before his
death.
His reliance on painkillers had become "extensive" as he struggled
with injuries during rehearsals. "This is a case of abuse of
medications," . Drug use can cause cardiac arrest. There were
reports that the singer was taking a powerful medication similar to
morphine and (also an) opiate http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-
jackson/5647945/Michael-Jackson-dead-at-50-did-drugs-kill-the-King-of-Pop.html
i. How did you feel when you read the allegations of
drugs related to his death? Share your feelings with
classmates and your teacher.
Student Instructional Material 4
ii. Why would his family be concerned about his
abuse of prescription drugs?
Can someone really abuse prescription drugs given
by a doctor as medicine, or is it only non-prescribed
drugs that are abused?
Is a drug the same thing as a medicine?
iii. From the objectives, this lesson would help you to
get answers to those questions above.
Body of Lesson
1) What is a drug? Use of internet and Power Point slides,
Questions/answers, discussion

a. No doubt you have seen news stories like the above about
the many celebrities who are in a rehab facility, or have
been arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) of a
drug, especially alcohol, and also reports of many who
have died as a result of their abuse/overdose especially of
prescription drugs. But, are those the only persons who
abuse drugs? What about ordinary people? What about
students in school/college who are just like us?
i. Watch this short video. Open this web link, and
scroll down to watch the video on Running on
Ritalin: Abuse rises on Campus.

http://medicalnewstoday.healthology.com/hybrid/hybri
d-
autodetect.aspx?content_id=1713&focus_handle=add-
adhd&brand_name=medicalnewstoday
Active Mar 2011

b. Work together in groups of three students, discussing as
you learn together. Your teacher will go through the Power
Point slide presentations with you, pausing as necessary for
you to watch videos/open and read text from the websites
indicated in the slide presentation and to clarify whatever
you do not understand.
i. Be sure to make notes as you go through the
slides, to augment what is in your textbook.

c. Spend a little time to make sure you clearly understand the
difference between the use of the term drug, especially
with reference to abuse, and the term medicine. Be aware
that: All medicines are drugs, but all drugs are not
medicines!

Student Instructional Material 5
d. Look at slides 12 19 which describe the various categories of
drugs, classified according to their major effects on the human
body.
i. Although you may not think that you are using
drugs, you should become aware that the stimulant,
caffeine, is present in coffee, tea and in many
chocolates. It is also present in numerous so-called
soft drinks and energy-booster drinks, which no
doubt you feel I cant do without a drink of .
It boosts up my energy! Note that the reason is
that you have already become addicted to the
caffeine that such drinks/beverages contain. So,
read labels to make sure that you are not consuming
the drug caffeine in your various drinks!

2) Abuse leads to addiction Power Point slide, Internet use

a. Discuss slides 22 24 with your teacher; focus on the
reasons why people abuse drugs and the commonest drugs
abused which could be prescription drugs --- not just
illegal dugs!
i. Note that some persons find ways to abuse their
prescribed medicines, as was alleged in the article
in the Introduction and what you have surely seen
on television in relationship to various celebrities.

b. Remember that in the previous lesson you had focused
briefly on the unnecessary use of antibiotics.
Student Instructional Material 6
i. Recall that when antibiotics are used
unnecessarily, e.g. for viral infections, that
really is one kind of abuse, as antibiotics are
intended for use with bacterial infections.
Misuse can help bacteria to become more
resistant to the antibiotic. So, the more they are
used inappropriately, the stronger the
resistance becomes and the less effective
antibiotics become at treating infections.
ii. In addition, individuals often buy antibiotics
on the black market to self-medicate,
especially if they suspect that they have
contracted an STD.
iii. Not also that antibiotics obtained illegally are
used for treating stab wounds or gun-shot
wounds resulting from criminal activity and for
which the individuals cannot risk getting legal
treatment at a medical facility, for fear of being
reported to the Police and being arrested.

c. Discuss with your teacher and classmates the fact that many
teenagers/young persons abuse diet pills and laxatives,
using them for bowel cleansing as a means of controlling
their weight. This practice can lead to intestinal problems
and perhaps anorexia.

d. Allow time for students working in small groups to open
web links and read about/watch videos on some of the
drugs commonly abused, mentioned on slide 26 and 29.

e. Discuss the stages of addiction as listed in slides 30 - 33


3) Some effects of drug abuse Power point slides, Discussions

a. Look at and discuss slides 34 44. As you share inform-
ation, make notes about the physiological, social and
economic effects of drug abuse.

Closure
In-Class Assignment
1) Look at the final slide 45. Does it apply to you? Do you know
someone who needs help? If so, talk with your teacher about how
to contact the Jamaican Council on Drug Abuse to get the help you
need.
Did You Know?

According to the Jamaica
National Household Survey
(2001), commissioned by the
National Council on Drug
Abuse (NCDA), one out of
every five Jamaicans has
used tobacco in their lifetime.
Males are twice as likely as
females to have ever used
tobacco. With regard to
current use, males are four
times as likely to be smokers
than females.
http://ncda.org.jm/publications%20Ja
/HowDoYouSelDeath.pdf

Student Instructional Material 7

Out-of-Class Assignment/Homework

1) Research information about the effects of a drug, perhaps including
the results of the survey you did for the Challenge activity. Then,
organize with classmates and your teacher to do a series of short
Panel Presentations, say during lunch time over one two weeks of
Drug Awareness Days, at which other students can ask
questions, be informed and make their own notes as they listen.
Supplemental
Glossary of Terms
addiction



anorexia





antibiotic

A condition in which the body relies on a given
drug to help it function and there is
compulsive use of the drug at whatever cost
An eating disorder where people starve
themselves such that they have extreme weight
loss overweight. Weight loss is obtained by
many ways e.g. intake of laxatives and not
eating. Source > http://www.mamashealth.com/anorexia.asp
A chemical substance, e.g. penicillin or
streptomycin, produced by or derived from
certain fungi, bacteria and other organisms, that
can kill bacteria and cure bacterial infections.
dose/dosage


drug abuse

The exact amount of a drug, usually prescribed
by a doctor, to be taken by an individual.

The intentional, improper use of a drug.

drug misuse

effect



intravenously



medicine


psychoactive

Improper use of a drug; usually done by mistake.

The influence a drug has/causes on the body, the
mind or both e.g. feeling of euphoria, increased
or decreased heart or breathing rate.

Usually referring to a drug, nutrient solution, or
other substance that is administered directly into
a vein.

A legal chemical substance or drug used to
treat an illness, ailment or infection.

Refers to a drug that affects the mind, mood or
other mental processes.
Student Instructional Material 8

tolerance to drug







transdermal
patch or delivery
system
An acquired resistance to the effects of a
repeatedly administered drug wherein the
persons (subject) response decreases so that
larger doses are required to achieve the same
effect. Read more at >>:
http://www.answers.com/topic/drug-
tolerance#ixzz1G2WPnWLb

A method for delivery of medications
across/through the skin surface which is the
largest and most accessible organ of the human
body; the drug/medicine passes through the
layers of the skin into the circulatory system by
which it is delivered to all parts of the body.


CSEC Questions None

Recommended Materials
Websites to Visit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant Active Mar 2011

http://ncda.org.jm/alcohol.htm
(Website of Jamaican National Council on Drug Abuse)

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/206300.php
(Alcohol is Most Harmful Drug followed by ) Active Mae 2011

http://www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/biology/Marijuana.ppt#
257,1,MARIJUANA Active Mar 2011
http://checkyourself.com/ShowDrugInfo.aspx?drugId=1779a1a8-
76b8-4579-a4fe-ba8ab34853f3 (Text on Marijuana)OK Mar 2011
http://checkyourself.com/ShowDrugInfo.aspx?drugId=b5edd088-2f8c-
4ac7-92dd-aa208c0825fd (Text on Heroin) Active Mar 2011
http://www.worldofteaching.com/biologypowerpoints.html From this
website you can click Health and Disease then scroll down to find
Power Point presentations on Intro to Drugs by Nancy Hackmann,
Alcohol, Cocaine, Drugs, Drug Effects on our Bodies etc.
All sites active Mar 2011
Bibliography
1. Atwaroo-Ali, L (2003) CXC Biology; Macmillan Caribbean
Publishers; printed in Malaysia
Student Instructional Material 9
2. Campbell, N. A. (1996) Biology 4
th
Edition; The Benjamin
/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.
3. Chinnery, L., Glasgow,J., Jones,M., Jones, G. CXC Biology; (Latest
edition) Cambridge; printed in Dubai
4. Roberts, M. B. V. & Mitchelmore, J. (1985) Biology for CXC;
Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd; printed in China
5. Manlio F. Coviello; Bio-Energy Potential in Guyana & Jamaica
Economic Affairs Officer,
Natural Resources and Infrastructure Division