Contoh Soal :

3.8 Hydrogen chloride gas produced by burning chlorine with hydrogen, is required at
a supply pressure of 600 kN/m
2
, gauge. The pressure can be achieved by either
operating the burner under pressure or by compressing the hydrogen chloride gas.
For a production rate of hydrogen chloride of 10,000 kg/h, compare the power
requirement of compressing the hydrogen supply to the burner with that to
compress the product hydrogen chloride. The chlorine feed will be supplied at the
required pressure from a vaporiser. Both the hydrogen and chlorine feeds are
essentially pure. Hydrogen will be supplied to the burner one percent excess of
over the stoichiometric requirement. A two-stage centrifugal compressor will be
used for both duties. Take the polytropic efficiency for both compressors as 70 per
cent. The hydrogen supply pressure is 120 kN/m
2
and the temperature 25
o
C. The
hydrogen chloride is cooled to 50
o
C after leaving the burner. Assume that the
compressor intercooler cools the gas to 50
o
C, for both duties. Which process
would you select and why?
Penyelesaian :





Keterangan :
1. Tekanan operasi Burner sebesar 600 kN m
-2

2. Anggap kondisi operasi burner pada 1 atm ialah 10
2
kN m
-2
g atau 600 kNm
-2
g.
3. H
2
di kompres dari kondisi 120 kN m
-2
menjadi 600 kN m
-2
.
4. Rasio tekanan = 5
120
600
=
5. Tekanan Intermediate = 268 ) 600 )( 120 (
2 1
= = P P kNm
-2

Note: Temperatur H
2
inlet tidak akan sama

dengan temperatur intercooler outlet
sehingga untuk tahap pendinginan harus dihitung terpisah.
H
2

atau
HCl
10.000 kg h
-1
HCl

H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl
Material Balance ditunjukkan pada aliran H
2
. Dimana 1% excess H
2
di

HCl
diabaikan

dalam perhitungan kompresornya.
Material balance :
Produk HCl =
) 3600 )( 5 , 36 (
000 . 10
= 0,0761 kmol s
-1

H
2
= 01 , 1
2
0761 . 0
|
.
|

\
|
= 0,0384 kmol s
-1

Cl
2
= |
.
|

\
|
2
0761 , 0
= 0,0381 kmol s
-1

Excess H
2
= 0,0384 0,0381 = 0,0003 kmol s
-1

Persamaan 3.36a and 3.38a dapat digunakan untuk kondisi ini.
Ambil 4 . 1 = dimana H
2
dan HCl adalah diatomik gas.
408 , 0
) 7 , 0 )( 4 , 1 (
) 1 4 , 1 (
=

= m
.(3.36a)
689 , 1
408 , 0 1
1
=

= n .(3.38a)

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=

1
1
1
1
2
1 1
n
n
P
P
n
n
v P w .(3.31)
Untuk H
2
:
Tahap 1 :
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
=
273
298
10 120
10 013 . 1
4 , 22
2
3
5
1
v = 0,0823 m
3
kg
-1

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=

1
120
268
1 689 , 1
689 , 1
) 0823 , 0 )( 10 120 (
689 . 1
1 689 . 1
3
1
w = 9,391 J kg
-1

Tahap 2 :
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
=
'
273
323
10 268
10 013 , 1
4 , 22
2
3
5
1
v = 0,0399 m
3
kg
-1

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=

1
268
600
1 689 , 1
689 , 1
) 0399 , 0 )( 10 268 (
689 . 1
1 689 . 1
3
2
w = 10,204 J kg
-1


Power atau Daya = (9,391 + 10,204)(0,0384)(2) = 1505 W = 1,505 kW
Untuk HCl:
Ambil kedua tahap, dengan kondisi kerja yang sama dengan temperatur inlet.
5 , 246 ) 600 )( 3 , 101 (
2 1
= = = P P P
i
kN m
-2
.(3.39)
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
=
273
323
10 013 , 1
10 013 , 1
4 , 22
5 , 36
5
5
1
v = 1,927 m
3
kg
-1

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=

1
3 . 101
600
1 689 , 1
689 , 1
) 927 , 1 )( 10 013 , 1 (
689 . 1
1 689 . 1
5
1
w = 510,173 J kg
-1

Power atau Daya = (510,173)(0,0761)(36,5) = 1.417,082 W = 1417 kW

Sangat penting untuk membagi dari efisiensi untuk pendapat power tetapi
menghapus pilihan untuk mengompres H
2
dan operasi burner yang di bawah
tekanan.
Cek:
Temperature saturated Cl
2
= 600 kN m
-2
.
01 . 27
32 . 1978
9610 . 15
32 . 133
10 600
ln
3

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
T

412 . 8 9610 . 15
01 . 27
32 . 1978
=
T

T = 262 + 27.01 = 289 K = 16
o
C