Modern Housing

Technologies

Aldi John A. Dela Cruz
HHS/Ar057





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Modern Housing Technologies





TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1. MODULAR HOUSING
SYSTEM..(2)
MHS prefab technology(2)
MHS Responsibility..(3)
Builder/developer (3)
How long does it to build(3)
What is the cost? (3)
Modern furniture.(4)
MHS prefab plans...(3-4)
Materials.(4)
2. LOW COST HOUSING TECHNOLOGY .(5-6)
LOW COST CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES (6-7)
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF USING LOW COST HOUSING TECHNOLOGIES(7)
CONCLUSION(7)
LOW COST TECH. TABLE (8)
3. SEISMIC BASE ISOLATION(9-10)
Benefits and savings(10-11)
MAINTENANCE.(11)
4. REFERENCES..(12)










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I: MODULAR HOUSING SYSTEMS:
Modular Housing Systems (MHS) introducing a solution to the limitations of prefab. A modular home
is divided into smaller factorymade components designed for easy assembly on a homesite.
Depending on the design of these modules, you can have more variations realized in that onsite
assembly while still having the benefits of box factory production. It can be as large as you like, even
if the individual modules can still be no larger than a normal home or even smaller as Kithaus.
Unfortunately, the true potential of modular housing has never been realized until now, because
designers have never had experience and worked with true modular component units. Modular
housing has typically been identical in character to prefab housing except that a house could be
composed of anew pre-fabricated parts rather than just one manufactured box. The modular
components can more easily to replace individually and maintenance during the life of structure. MHS
prefab with its modular components allows a home to be built faster, stronger, more efficiently, with
much less labor and waste than is common with conventional home construction.
MHS prefab technology
Can be used for any number of applications including commercial, residential, hotels, condos,
townhouse, cabanas, camp, portable offices, school, portable medical units, beach facilities, pool
stands, and much more. MHS prefab technology is a green solution for mass housing construction.
Using local contractors, materials and labors to help community grow, create a job, cost effective and
true sustainable green construction.
MHS create modular standard homes by its components; it is not a modular box manufactured house.
You can save time and money when you import the MHS components for assembly on the site, small
to large construction. MHS
prefabricated parts comes to the site
for assembly.We cant give you the
complete house prices for export
because of MHS is an assembly site
building system.






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MHS Responsibility
MHS provide you architectural design, complete drawings, structural calculations components
fabrication, panels, project design manual and delivery to building site for assembly. MHS
engineering dept. can help with local permit application with your architect and contractor. We can
also provide a construction consultant and expert MHS supervisor for your project to work with your
team.
Builder/developer
Are responsible for all permits, all site work including the foundation, rough in for plumbing and
electrical.
You may even chose to complete MHS prefab house with the local finishing materials. We provide
you with framing of the house including structure, roof, wall, floor and accessories with an
installation design manual.
How long does it to build
Times vary based on the size of the house, however typically for a good size home delivery will take
6months and construction will take 6 weeks. Smaller houses are normally built more quickly. Factors
such as weather, etc. can affect construction time.
What is the cost?
With so many choices of floor plans and finishing materials prices can vary widely. In addition the
type of kitchen chosen, the size of the house, the number or bathrooms all determine the cost.
In general cost from manufacturing is varied (please contact us for update)
Cost of the exterior and interior finishing of MHS prefab building system is much less than
conventional construction. Its easy to install and replace all.
Modern furniture
We offer a variety of interior furnishing design for MHS prefab home owners from one of our
licensee to meet your expectation of the modern environment as well as floor covering and
landscaping.
MHS prefab plans
MHS prefab construction allows for almost unlimited configuration possibilities.
This allows the house to fit perfectly on your site, positioned to maximize views, sun or natural
features.

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Modern Housing Technologies
Living rooms, bedrooms and bathrooms can be located virtually anywhere allowing for an endless
choice of configurations, including, but not limited to rectangular, ushaped, square, and even circle if
you prefer.
We work with you and your architect to maximize the site and your opportunity.
Shown here are a selection of images for our model home designs and their possible floor plan
variations.
Our professionally developed designs have been crafted to produce an elegant synthesis of Modernist
style and casual comfort while making the most of the many virtues of our unique building system.
We offer designs to suit a variety of locations and lifestyle needs.
MHS homes could be design custom with a variety of building materials for interior and exterior use.
Many of the items could be selected from our project design manual to help achieve the interior
architecture as many style residential vision.
Materials
MHS prefinished, prefabricated components that all tested and ready to assemble. It is designed and
built like a hightech luxury aluminum products where every part is finely crafted for a perfect
connection and details. MHS prefab framing is mechanically attached by locking mechanism systems
invented by architectural engineer Tim Siahatgar, rather than relying on adhesives, nail and screw or
even welding.











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II: LOW COST HOUSING TECHNOLOGY:
Adequate shelter for all people is one of the pressing challenges faced by the developing countries.
India is currently facing a shortage of about 17.6 million houses. The dream of owning a house
particularly for low-income and middle-income families is becoming a difficult reality. Hence, it has
become a necessity to adopt cost effective, innovative and environment-friendly housing technologies
for the construction of houses and buildings for enabling the common people to construct houses at
affordable cost. This paper compares construction cost for the traditional and low cost housing
technologies. Case studies in India are used for the investigation. Construction methods of foundation,
walling, roofing and lintel are compared. Strength and durability of the structure, stability, safety and
mental satisfaction are factors that assume top priority during cost reduction. It is found that about
26.11% and 22.68% of the construction cost can be saved by using low cost housing technologies in
comparison with the traditional construction methods in the case studies for walling and roofing
respectively. This proves that using low cost housing technologies is a cost effective construction
approach for the industry.
THE TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION METHODS
The traditional construction methods are used in the case study. The detail procedures of each step
used for the case study are as follow:
Foundation: Foundation is the lowest part of the structure which is provided to distribute
loads to the soil thus providing base for the super-structure. Excavation work is first carried
out, then earth-work is filled with available earth and ends with watering and compaction in a
6 thick layer.
Cement concrete: Plain cement concrete is used to form a leveled surface on the excavated
soil. The volumetric concrete mix proportion of 1:4:8 (cement: sand: aggregate), with a 6
thick layer for masonry foundation and column footings is used. Plain cement concrete is
finished on the excavated soil strata and mixed by manual process.
Wall construction: Size stone masonry for foundation is constructed for outer walls and burnt
brick masonry of a 9 thick layer for main walls and a 4 thick layer for all internal walls.
Good quality table-molded bricks are used for the construction.
Reinforced cement concrete slab and beam: The normal procedure to cast reinforced cement
concrete slab is to make shuttering and provide reinforcement and concreting. Good steel or
plywood formwork is used, with proper cover blocks between bars. Both aggregate and sand
used are clean, with aggregate being graded. After the concrete is poured, it is properly
consolidated.

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Plastering: Plastering is used for the ceiling, inside and outside walls. Joints are raked before
plastering and proper curing is ensured.
Flooring: For the flooring purpose, the earth is properly filled and consolidated in the ratio of
1:4:8 (cement: sand: aggregate) concrete.
Plumbing: Good quality plumbing materials are used and passed hydraulic test before using
it.
Painting and finishing: Before the painting process, surface is prepared with putty and primer
and a ready-made paint is used
LOW COST CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
It is found that cost-effective and alternative construction technologies, which apart from reducing
construction cost by the reduction of quantity of building materials through improved and
innovative techniques, can play a great role in providing better housing methods and protecting
the environment. It should be noted that cost-effective construction technologies do not
compromise with safety and security of the buildings and mostly follow the prevailing building
codes. The detail procedures of each step used for the case study are as follow:
Foundation: Arch foundation is used in which walls are supported on the brick or stone
masonry.
For the construction of the foundation, the use of available materials such as brick or concrete
blocks can be made to resist lateral forces buttresses at the corner.
Walling: Rat trap bond technology is used in the case study. It is an alternative brick
bonding system for English and Flemish Bond. The reduced number of joints can reduce
mortar consumption. No plastering of the outside face is required and the wall usually is
quite aesthetically pleasing and air gaps created within the wall help making the house
thermally comfortable. In summer, the temperature inside the house is usually at least 5
degrees lower that the outside ambient temperature and vice versa in winter.
Roofing: A filler slab roofing system is used which based on the principle that for roofs
which are simply supported, the upper part of the slab is subjected to compressive forces
and the lower part of the slab experience tensile forces. Concrete is very good in
withstanding compressive forces and steel bears the load due to tensile forces. Thus the
low tensile region of the slab does not need any concrete except for holding steel
reinforcements together.
Flooring: Flooring is generally made of terracotta tiles or color oxides. Bedding is made
out of broken brick bats. Various patterns and designs are used, depending on shape, size
of tiles, span of flooring, and clients personal preference.

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Plastering: Plastering can be avoided on the walls, frequent expenditure on finishes and
its maintenance is avoided. Properly protected brick wall will never lose its color or
finish.
Doors and windows: As door and window frames are responsible for almost half the cost
of timber used, avoiding frames can considerably reduce timber cost. Door planks are
screwed together with strap iron hinges to form doors, and this can be carried by
holdfast carried into the wall. The simplest and cost effective door can be made of
vertical planks held together with horizontal or diagonal battens. A simplest frameless
window consists of a vertical plank of about 9 wide set into two holes, one at the top
and one at the bottom. This forms a simple pivotal window. Wide span windows can be
partially framed and fixed to walls or can have rows of pivotal planks.
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF USING LOW COST HOUSING TECHNOLOGIES
The construction methods of walling and roofing are selected for the detail cost analysis
based on available resources from the interviews. Table 1 and Table 2 summarize the cost
analysis of the traditional construction methods and the low cost housing technologies in the
case studies for walling and roofing respectively. It is found that about 26.11% and 22.68%
of the construction cost, including material and labor cost, can be saved by using the low cost
housing technologies in comparison with the traditional construction methods for walling and
roofing respectively.
Suggestion for reducing construction cost in this paper is of general nature and it varies
depending upon the nature of the building to be constructed and budget of the owner.
However, it is necessary that good planning and design methods shall be adopted by utilizing
the services of an experienced engineer or an architect for supervising the work, thereby
achieving overall cost effectiveness.
CONCLUSION
The dream of owning a house particularly for low-income and middle-income families is
becoming a difficult reality. It is necessary to adopt cost effective, innovative and
environment-friendly housing technologies for the construction. This paper examined the
cost effectiveness of using low cost housing technologies in comparison with the traditional
construction methods. Two case studies in India were conducted. It was found that about
26.11% and 22.68% of the construction cost, including material and labor cost, can be saved
by using the low cost housing technologies in comparison with the traditional construction
methods for walling and roofing respectively. This proves the benefits and the trends for
implementing low cost housing technologies in the industry.

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III: SEISMIC BASE ISOLATION
Seismic isolation is a relatively new concept in earthquake engineering, having been introduced in the
early 1980s in the USA and New Zealand, and as early as 1975 in the former Soviet Union. Quite
simply, the idea underlying the technology is to detach the building from the ground in such a way
that the earthquake motions are not transmitted up through the building, or are at least greatly
reduced. Seismic isolation is most often installed at the base level of a building and is called base
isolation. This new concept meets all the criteria for a classic modern technological innovation: the
necessary imaginative advances in conceptual thinking, new materials available to the industry, and as
can be seen in the WHE reports using isolators, simultaneous development of the ideas worldwide.
The principle of seismic isolation is to introduce flexibility at the base of a structure in the horizontal
plane, while at the same time introducing damping elements to restrict the amplitude of the motion
caused by the earthquake. The concept of seismic isolation became more feasible with the successful
development of mechanical energy dissipators and elastomers with high damping properties. Seismic
isolation can significantly reduce both floor accelerations and interstory drift and provide a viable
economic solution to the difficult problem of reducing nonstructural earthquake damage.
There are three basic elements in any practical seismic isolation system. These are as follows:
A flexible mounting so that the period of vibration of the total system is lengthened sufficiently to
reduce the force response
A damper or energy dissipator so that the relative deflections between building and ground can be
controlled to a practical design level
A means of providing rigidity under low (service) load levels, such as wind and minor earthquakes
Seismic isolation achieves a reduction in earthquake forces by lengthening the period of vibration in
which the structure responds to the earthquake motions. The most significant benefits obtained from
isolation are thus in structures for which the fundamental period of the building without isolation is
shortless than one second. Therefore, seismic isolation is most applicable for low-rise and medium-
rise buildings and becomes less effective for high-rise structures.
The WHE reports describe the applications of two different isolation systems:
Rubber-based isolation system
Sliding-belt isolation system

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The rubber-based isolation system has been widely used in China (WHE Report 9). The system
consists of laminated rubber bearings, with a diameter of 350 mm to 600 mm and a thickness of 160
mm to 200 mm. The isolators are reinforced by thin steel sheets.
The isolators are installed on top of the basement walls or the columns, or at the plinth level in
buildings without a basement. The most common application in China is for those buildings where the
superstructure consists of common multistory, brick-masonry walls with reinforced concrete
floors/roof. The cost of this system is US$145/m2. By the end of 2003, the system had been used in
over 460 residential buildings in China. Sliding-belt isolation systems are installed at the base of the
building between the foundation and the superstructure. The sliding belt consists of the following
elements: (a) sliding supports, including the 2-mm-thick stainless steel plates attached to the
foundation and 4-mm Teflon (PTFE) plates attached to the superstructure, (b) reinforced rubber
restraints for horizontal displacements (horizontal stop), and (c) restraints for vertical displacements
(uplift)vertical stops. Once the earthquake base shear force exceeds the level of the friction force
developed in the sliding belt, the building (superstructure) starts to slide relative to the foundation. A
typical large-panel building with plan dimensions 39.6 m x 10.8 m has 63 sliding supports and 70
horizontal and vertical restraints. The sliding-belt scheme was developed in CNIISK, Kucherenko
(Moscow) around 1975. The first design application in Kyrgyzstan was made in 1982. To date, the
system has been applied in over 30 buildings in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The applications include 9-
story, large, concrete panel buildings and 3-story brick masonry wall buildings.










Benefits and savings:
Base isolation allows for a reduction in structural elements of the building with less
ductile detailing needed

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Crawl spaces or basements can have multiple benefits e.g. in siting services,
additional income from a car park, flexibility for future development
Protection of the CONTENTS with controlled movement caused by seismic
isolators contents are not subject to violent and sudden shakes thereby reducing the
impact on the contents
Protection of the integrity of the internal structures e.g. stairs, internal walls,
partitions
Building is safer for occupants and contents are protected
Continuity of operations is much more likely
Maintenance:
Contrary to belief, seismic isolation devices require no maintenance during
the life of the building Following any significant event they should be inspected to ensure
bolts and load plates are still in place
Devices do not need replacing after an earthquake unless the event was in excess of their
design specification in which case we recommend the removal of some devices for testing
Because the building is protected from major damage, repair costs following an earthquake
will be lower to non-existent
We remain convinced of the effectiveness ONLY of seismic isolation in the protection not
only of the external structure but also the contents and in maximizing the potential for
immediate business continuation.

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References:
http://www.modularhousingsystem.com/pdf/MHS%20Projects.pdf
http://www.discovernewhomes.com/consumers/planning.html
https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&cad=rja&ua
ct=8&ved=0CFYQFjAJ &url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FVivi
an_Tam2%2Fpublication%2F235986717_Cost_Effectiveness_of_using_Low_Cost_Housin
g_Technologies_in_Construction%2Flinks%2F02e7e515393f0bbdde000000&ei=9I 7pU6O
4NI rp8AWswoDADQ&usg=AFQjCNHGBSXSAu99z2NyA43UZtZrjJ zWMA&bvm=bv.726
76100,d.dGc
http://www.world-housing.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Type_Advanced.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_isolation