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1. This document provides instructions for completing a lab on introducing XBee radios. It includes links to tutorials, manuals, and software needed. The lab involves setting up a point-to-point link between two XBees and testing the connection by sending and receiving data packets. It also involves using AT commands to configure the radios and measuring received signal strength over distance.
1. This document provides instructions for completing a lab on introducing XBee radios. It includes links to tutorials, manuals, and software needed. The lab involves setting up a point-to-point link between two XBees and testing the connection by sending and receiving data packets. It also involves using AT commands to configure the radios and measuring received signal strength over distance.
1. This document provides instructions for completing a lab on introducing XBee radios. It includes links to tutorials, manuals, and software needed. The lab involves setting up a point-to-point link between two XBees and testing the connection by sending and receiving data packets. It also involves using AT commands to configure the radios and measuring received signal strength over distance.
!ou "ay #ant to consider re$ie#in% the &o''o#in% 'in(s be&ore doin% this Lab) X-CTU Tutorial: http://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/90001003_.pdf !etting up the connections: http://lad"ada.net/ma#e/$%ee/con&gure.html 'erforming (ange Test: ftp://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/900010)*_a.pdf +ore accessories on X,--: http://....digi.com/products/accessories/ +anual: http://....sonoma.edu/users/f/farahman/sonoma/courses/cet/03/la%/.ireless_class/X, ee-+anual.pdf ,asic la% idea: http://creati1eelectron.net/%log/2009/09/$%ee-ma#ing-"our-&rst- application-2/ (e1ie. the -1al ,oard schematic: http://ftp1.digi.com/support/images/X,3,-(-de1 420schematic.pdf 5ou can complete the la% using "our o.n laptop. 3n this case "ou need the follo.ing soft.are: X-CTU - 6o.nload here. 7ere is a tutorial: http://ftp1.digi.com/support/utilities/00002)3*_c.e$e Chanal"8er : http://....metagee#.net/support/do.nloads/9 utm_campaign:!oft.are;utm_medium:Chanal"8er.3.3;utm_source:3nstaller CoolTerm <or an" serial port terminal application=: http://do.nload.cnet.com/3001- 23>3_0-1091/>>2.html9spi:)31*3>>2a0dc/%*a%fc091c)d0>*0c*e 6ri1er for !erial-to-U!, con1erter 7ard.are (e?uirements 5ou can purchase the modules from: http://....spar#fun.com/search/results9 term:$%ee;.hat:products @otes: 5ou can do the la% in a group .ith one/t.o other students. 5ou need to select "our o.n la% partner. A@B5 one undergraduate student per group is allo.edC 'lease ma#e sure "ou sign the signup sheet. -ach T-+ must su%mit a separate reportC 5ou must su%mit TDA copies of "our la% report. 3nclude all participants 5ou must sign up the time sheet if "ou plan to use the la% setup. 'lease onl" ans.er the num%ered ?uestions <.1E 2E etc.= 'lease %e 1er" gentle .ith the (F de1ices and la% setup. 7andle de1ices carefull"C ,e 1er" careful as "ou remo1e connectors and de1ices. 'lease do not remo1e an"thing from the la%. I& so"eho# you cannot *ead XBEE re%isters, a'#ays "a(e sure the battery is %ood+ 1 A'#ays chec( the baud rate i& the co""unication 'in( is not #or(in%, 2 3@T(A6UCT3A@ 3 -3n1o#e X-CTU program. +a#e sure "ou go to 'C !ettings ta% and select the proper interface. ,-Go to +odem Con&guration and clic# on *estore. 5ou should get something li#e the &gure sho.n here. 1- A%tain a screen snapshot for ,AT7 the recei1er and transmitter modules. 5ou .ill not recei1e an" grade if "ou are missing these snapshots. C-6etermine .hat Firm.are 1ersion is loaded in the chip <read this: http://ftp1.digi.com/support/&rm.are/3nst ructions420for420&rm.are 420upgrades.pdf= and ma#e sure "ou #no. ho. to update the Firm.are. Dhat are the serial num%ers <7/B= of the transmitter and the recei1er modules9 This is on the %ac# of X,ee chip. 'lease handle the modules .ith careC 3 alread" entered these 1alues. A%tain the latest Firm.are 1ersion and load it in the chip. Clic# on -rite &rst and then clic# on *ead to ma#e sure the correct 1ersion is in place. Dhat 1ersion of &rm.are has %een loaded in the de1ice9 +a#e sure "ou do the same for %oth (X and TX modules. ,!3C X,-- !-TU' 6-3n this section "ou are re?uired to create a point-to-point lin# %et.een t.o X,ees. ssume the '@ has an 36 of 2001 and the operating channel is 1/. Using the !erial @um%ers of the Transmitter and (ecei1erE properl" setup the TX X,ee and (X X,ee <please do not remo1e the X,ees from the modules unless "ou ha1e to=. To ensure that "ou ha1e properl" setup the net.or#E connect the BAA' ,CH connector <(-6 6,-9 sho.n %elo.= to the (X module. Connect the TX module directl" to the 'C. 'o.er up the (X module. 'erform the (ange Test. @ote that the remote module <or (X module= refers to the e1aluation %oard and the TX module refers to the %ase station connected to the 'C. The &gure %elo. sho.s the high-le1el hard.are con&guration for this e$periment: --ns.er the follo.ing ?uestions: 1. Connect the 6,-9 connector <la%eled as Boop ,ac#= to the (X module. Clic# on the Terminal ta%. +a#e sure the lin# is properl" operating %" sending an !C33 character and recei1ing it. Clic# on ssem%le 'ac#ets %utton. T"pe "our name in there and send the data. !ho. a print screen of "our results. 3f "ou remo1e the Boop%ac# .hat happens9 -$plain .h"9 Dhich pins on the X,ee are looped %ac#9 (efer to the schematic of the e1aluation %oard. 7o. can "ou replace the red 6,-9 Connector .ith a single .ire9 2. Change the '@ 36 in the TX module <onl"= to 2000. (un the (ange Test again. Dhat happens9 -$plain. 3. Change the +5 of the TX module <onl"= to 1000. (un the (ange Test again. Dhat happens9 Dhat does +5 indicate in X,ee (adio9 0. (ead the Channel <C7= register on the TX module. Change the channel to a diIerent 1alid 1alue <(ead Chapter 3 http://....re1-ed.co.u#/docs/$%e001.pdf=. 'erform the (ange Test. Chec# the C7 on the (X module and ma#e sure it is diIerent from C7 on the TX module. -$plain .hat is happening. /. Dhat is (!!39 Dhat does it represent9 Dhat happens to it if "ou mo1e the (X module to a diIerent location far from the %ase9 ). Create a ta%le and list the distance <in meter= and the (!!3 1alues as the (X module mo1es a.a" from the TX module. 'lot the distance <meter= 1s. po.er recei1ed at the %ase station in "-. 5ou should ha1e at least / points in "our plot. *. 'lot the theoretical po.er loss <in d,= for X,ee as of distance. Compare this .ith "our results a%o1e 1 . 1 (ead !tallings J Chapter 2 0 >. (eferring to the +odem Con&guration ta%E .hich register deals .ith po.er le1el of the radio9 Change it and see ho. the transmit po.er changes. -$plain "our o%ser1ations. / U!3@G T CA++@6! 3n the follo.ing steps .e learn ho. to use T commands. T commands are designed for more direct human interaction. ,elo. is a simple e$ample sho.ing ho. T commands .or#: .ote that after KKK "ou should .ait to get AHL 6A@AT press -@T-(C F- ns.er the follo.ing ?uestion: 1. Dhat is the command to change the %aud rate to 11/2009 .ote that if "ou change the ,( "ou need to recon&gure the X,eeMs %aud rate in the 'ort !ettings ta% in order to %e a%le to communicate .ith the X,ee. 2. Using TE change the '@ 36 of the TX to 2000 and read it %ac#. !ho. a snapshot of "our result. T-!T3@G D3T7 T7- !'-CTU+ @B5N-( !AFTD(- H- Connect the Di-!p" 2.0$ to the 'C <it is pro%a%l" alread" connected= and run the Chanal"8er 0 soft.are. (ead a%out Chanal"8er and .atch a short 1ideo here: http://gordon.metagee#.net/products/.i-sp"/ . 7ere are some e$amples 2 : 1- Turn oI the X,ee modules. Ta#e a snapshot of all 2.0G %and fre?uencies that are detected in the la%. 2- Turn on X,ee modules and &nd "our X,ee signal using the Nig,ee signal template. Ta#e a snapshot. 5ou ma" ha1e to .ait for a fe. minutes for a good reading. 2 http://....metagee#.net/products/chanal"8er-0/9 utm_campaign:!oft.are;utm_medium:Chanal"8er.0;utm_source:7elp+enu ) Example: -> +++ (get into AT mode (Note 1)) <- OK -> AT (check if xbee modem is responding) <- OK -> ATBD (get crrent bad rate as abo!e) <- 3 ("#$$) -> ATBD 4 (set bad rate to 1"%$$) <- OK -> ATBD (check again) <- 4 -> ATWR (&rite the bad rate change to flash) <- OK .hat .ill %e the command to change po.er le1el of the TX9 3- Change the channel on "our '@ 36 <on %oth TX and (X=. (un the (ange Test. +a#e sure e1er"thing is operating properl" and &nd "our Nig,ee signal using the ZigBee signal template. Ta#e a snapshot. * C'TU(3@G 6T F(A+ T7- (-+AT- 6-O3C- +- +a#e sure "ou can perform the (ange Test %et.een the remote de1ice and the Coordinator. +odif" the (emote module as follo. 3 : 1. !et the %aud rate to 11/200. 2. Change the 3/A port 0E 2E and 3 to %e 6C 3. !et the !ample (ate to >0 milliseconds. 0. !et the num%er of !ample ,efore Transmission to 1. /. Connect the TX module to the computer. ). t this pointE the (ed B-6 on the (emote module should %e %lin#ing. lsoE "ou should see that the B-6 on the TX module should %e <%arel"= %lin#ing. @ote that there is no need to ha1e the Boop%ac# connector. 3nclude a snapshot indicating the ne. 1alues. @- Apen the X-CTU program. 1. +a#e sure "ou can communicate .ith the (X module. 2. Go to Terminal ta%. 5ou should see something li#e the &gure %elo.. 3. These are the pac#et frames the Coordinator module is recei1ing. 0. (ead the manual. -$plain clearl"E .here each pac#et startsE ho. man" %"tes are in each pac#etE .hich part of the pac#et contains the analog data from 3/A ports. /. Ta#e a snapshot of "our o.n data and mar# one frame on "our &gure. !ho. the part that contains the data from 3/A ports. ). Dhich %"te indicates the (!!3 le1el9 !ho. it on "our snapshot. *. 6o "ou see the same patterns %eing repeated or each frame is diIerent9 >. re the pull-up resistors ena%led in "our setup9 7o. do "ou #no.9 3 +a#e sure "ou the +anual: http://....sonoma.edu/users/f/farahman/sonoma/courses/cet/03/la%/.ireless_class/X,ee-+anual.pdf > C'TU(3@G 6T F(A+ T7- (-+AT- 6-O3C- U!3@G B,O3-D '- !etup the recei1er such that 61 and 62 are ena%led as digital input. 1- Using the e1aluation %oardMs schematic determine .hich s.itches on the remote module are connected to 61 and 62 ports. 2- Use the pro1ided sample Ba%O3-D program 0 to read the recei1ed data from the remote module. 3- +odif" the Ba%O3-D Oi such that "ou e$tract the follo.ing 1alues from the recei1ed pac#et and sho. each part separatel" on the front panel. a. (!!3 1alue %. !ource address c. The digital 1alue recei1ed from port 61 or 62 <"ou should use and B-6 on the front panel to sho. the digital data= 0- 'lot the (!!3 on a graph on the front panel. /- 5ou need to include a snapshot of "our program in "our la% report and demonstrate its full operation to the instructor. )- Using spectrum anal"8erE &nd the 3d, %and.idth. 'rint a snapshot of the '!6. *- Using spectrum anal"8er <Chanal"8er= sho. the diIerence %et.een X,ee pro and regular in terms of po.er le1el and fre?uencies of operation. a. Aptional: "ou can use diIerent antennas and measure the po.er recei1ed J as# for diIerent antennas if "ou plan to do thisL it is 1er" interesting. %. T(5 T73! 3F 5AU C@ <K/ point e$tra=: !et the net.or# nodes to automatic mode such that if there is too much interference on the .or#ing channelE the operating channel automaticall" s.itches to another channel after performing some t"pe of channel scanning. X- -XT( C(-63T @6 !A+- '(AP-CT 36-! <must %e done indi1iduall" and appro1ed &rst- "ou must demonstrate the full functionalit" of "our proQect / 3f "ou plan to these proQects 3 .ill pro1ide "ou the hard.are= 1- Create a mesh net.or# .ith three X,ees. The data pac#et must %e rela"ed using the intermediate node. !ho. "our setup for all the de1ices. 2- +easure the po.er consumed %" the transmitter. Change the setup <including sampling rateE .a#eup timeE dut" c"cleE etc.= such that the po.er consumed %" the end-de1ice is minimi8ed. 'lot a graph sho.ing the impro1ements "ou achie1ed. 3- Connect FAU( X,eesE t.o of them to diIerent 'Cs. !ho. that routing can %e changed from 1E2E3 to 1E0E3. 3f @ode 2 fails. 0- Use Nig,ee to pass lo. ?ualit" 1ideo. 0 3f "ou are o%ser1ing an" O3!T pro%lem .hile opening the Ba%O3-D programE "ou ma" .ant to restart "our computer. De ha1e tested the program on Dindo.s * and X' and there should %e no pro%lem. 9 (e1ie. Ruestions: 1- Dhat does +5 indicate9 7o. is it diIerent from '@ 369 2- Dhat is the unit of (!!39 Can "ou change (!!3 1alue on a X,ee chip9 3- Dhat does it mean if the 1alue of (!!3 register is set to 009 0- Dhat is the minimum setup re?uired to get t.o X,--s to communicate .ith one another9 /- -$plain e$actl" ho. .e can use t.o X,ees to measure the temperature and report it to a computer <"ou #no. include the hard.are schematic and soft.are setup for each de1ice=. )- 3n the ?uestion a%o1e .hat are the possi%le things .e can do to reduce the po.er consumption on the remote de1ice9 *- ssuming the transmitted X,ee po.er is 10 mD centered at 2./003 +78 .ith a 3- d, %and.idth of 2+78E dra. the '!6 for the signal. >- Dhat is the point of setting the ,aud (ate in X,ee. 3s it possi%le to get t.o X,ee chips .ith diIerent %aud rates to communicate .ith one another9 9- Dhat does it mean .hen .e perform a loopback test %et.een t.o X,ee chips9 10-Dhat is the main diIerence %et.een regular Nig,ee and Nig,ee pro9 11-7o. man" Nig,ee channels are a1aila%le in 2./ ,and9 12-Dhich register do "ou set to change the transmit po.er9 Dhat is the ma$imum transmit po.er in mD9 13-Can "ou change the parit" setting in (F module9 7o.9 10 ppendi$ 1: ppendi$ 2: !ample 7-X Autput !tring from the (-+AT- moduel: *- 00 0- >3 /) *> /1 00 01 32 00 02 02 02 02 02 )1 ,F Dhat does it mean: *- - !tart 6elimiter 00 0- - Bength ,"tes >3 - '3 3denti&er ,"te for 1)%it /6 data /) *> - !ource ddress ,"tes /1 - (!!3 Oalue ,"tes 00 - Aption ,"te 01 - !ample Ruantit" ,"te 32 00 - Channel 3ndicator 02 02 - !ample 6ata 60<$= STma$ 1alue : OrefU 02 02 - !ample 6ata 62<"= STma$ 1alue : OrefU 02 )1 - !ample 6ata 60<8= STma$ 1alue : OrefU ,F - Chec# !um 11