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F O R T A M I L N A D U
E N V I R O N M E N T & F O R E S T D K P A R T M E N T
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PREPARED BY
DIRECTORATE OF TOWN AND COUN TRY PLANNING
GOVERNMEN T OF TAMI LNADU
MADRAS - 600 002
J UNE 1996
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E N V I R O N M E N T & F O R E S T D E P A R T M E N T
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PREPARED BY
DIRECTORATE OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
GOVERNMEN T OF TAMI LNADU
MADRAS - 600 002
J UNK 1996
CONTENTS
Ex e c ut i v e Summar y
Re c omme nda t i ons
Page No,
1
i l
CHAPTER 1
Phy s i c a l S e t t i ng of Tami l Nadu Coa s t
Ge o ] o g y
Ge omor phol og y
Cl i ma t e
Re s o ur c e s
N
Wa v e CI i ma t e and Coa s t a ] Re s po ns e
S o c i o Ec onomi c Co ndi t i o ns of Tami l Na du Coa s t
Popul a t i o n
Oc c up a t i o n
Ot he r Ma j or f a c i l i t i e s
De v e l opme nt S c e ne r i o of Tami l Na du Co a s t
Co a s t a l e r os i on
Po r t s and Har bour s
Pol 1 u t i o n
Aq ua c ul t ur e
CHAPTER 2
Ba s e Maps f o r t he pr e pa r a t i o n of Coa s t a l Zone
Ma na g e me nt PI an of Tami l Nadu
x.
Co a s t a l Wat e r Bodi e s
Ca t e g o r i s a t i o n of CRZ
CHAPTER 3
Coa s t a l Re g ul a t l o n Zone
ANNEXURES
Coa s t a l Zone Management PI an Maps of
Tami l Na du ( 31Ma ps - Re duc e d)
Coa s t a l Re g ul a t i o n Zone Pl a n f o r MMDA
1- 43
44 - 48
4 9 - 9 1
EXECUTI VE SUMMARY
Gov er nment of I ndi a by t he i r Ga z e t t e No t i f i c a t i o n
dat ed 2 0 . 2 . 1 9 9 1 de c l a r e d t he Coas t al s t r e t c he s of s e a s ,
ba y s , e s t ua r i e s , c r e e k s , r i v e r s and bac k wat e r s whi c h
ar e i nf l ue nc e d by Ti dal Ac t i o n ( i n t he l andwar d s i de ,
upt o 500 met r es f r om t he Hi g h Ti de Li ne and t he 1 anc
bet ween t he Low Ti de Li ne and t he Hi g h Ti de Li ne as
Coas t al Re g ul a t i o n Zone and i mpos ed c e r t a i n c ondi t i ons .
The r e s pe c t i v e S t a t e Gov er nment s and Uni on Te r r i t or i e s
wer e di r e c t e d t o pr e pa r e Coas t al Zone Management PI an
wi t h Hi gh Ti de Li ne 500 met r es r e g ul a t i on l i ne ot he r
boundar i es and di f f e r e nt c a t e g o r i e s of c oas t al ar eas
f or t he appr ov al of Mi ni s t r y of Env i r onment ana Fo r e s t .
Thi s r epor t pr e s e nt s t he Coas t al Zone Management
Pl an (CZM) of Tami l Na du. A de s c r i pt i o n of t he r egu-
l a t i on zone ana i t s c a t e g o r i e s ar e g i v e n i n t hi s r epor t
A r educed v e r s i o n of 30 or i g i na l 1 : 2 5 , 0 0 0 s c al e pl a t e s
ar e i nc l ude d i n t he r e po r t . The r ec ommendat i on emer gi ng
out of t hi s e x e r c i s e ar e g i v e n o v e r l e a f .
RECOMMENDATI ONS
1 . F o r r e g u l a t i n g a c t i v i t i e s i n t he Co. as t al Ar e a s
a s pe r t h e mi ni s t r y of Env i r o nme nt and For e s t
No t i f i c a t i o n j t he Coa s t a l Zo ne Manag ement Pl a ns
f CZMP) p r e p a r e d f o r t he e n t i r e Tami l Nadu Coa s t
^a y be u s e d .
2 . The 5 0 0 me t r e a nd 200 me t r e l i n e s f r om Hi g h Ti de
ni ne ha s be e n us e d as pe r t he maps pr oduc e d by
I n s t i t u t e of Re mot e S e n s i n g , Anna Uni v e r s i t y , a nd
ha s t o be e s t a b l i s h e d wi t h r e f e r e nc e t o phy s i c a l
j a nd ma r k s .
3 . Fo r d e t a i l e d p l a nni ng of t he Co a s t a l Re g ul a t i o n
Zo ne a nd a d j o i n i n g a r e a s , i t may be ne c e s s a r y t o
us e c a d a s t r a l s c a l e ( 1 : 4 0 0 0 ) ma ps . I n s uc h c a s e s ,
t he r e g u l a t i o n 1 i ne s g i v e n i n t he pr e s e nt maps
( 1 : 2 5 , 0 0 0 s c a l e ) ma y be c o ns i d e r e d as a g e ne r a l
g u i d e l i n e .
4 . The a s s o c i a t e d f e a t ur e s of t he s e a , l i k e c r e e k s ,
b a c k wa t e r s , t i da l a c t i o n on r i v e r s , s wamps e t c . ,
ha v e be e n t a k e n a s f ur ni s he d by t he I ns t i t ut e of
Re mo t e S e ns i ng a nd i f f o und d i f f e r e n t whi l e
p r e p a r i n g t he maps as pe r Hy dr o g r a phi c maps t o be
r cade a v a i l a b l e by Chi e f Hy dr o g r a p he r . s ay be a l t e r e d
wi t h p r i o r p e r mi s s i o n of Mi n i s t r y of Env i r onme nt
a nd F o r e s t .
5 . As me nt i o ne d i n t he No t i f i c a t i o n , an a ppr o pr i a t e
A u t h o r i t y may be e nt r us t e d wi t h t he r e s po ns i bi l i t y .
oi i mpl e me nt i ng t he r e g u l a t i o n a nd f or unde r t a k i ng
Co a s t a l Ar e a P l a nni ng and De v e l o pme nt .
c
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1_
A. Phy s i c a l S e t t i ng of Ta mi l Nadu Coa s t
Ge o! op,y
Tami l Nadu Coa s t i s punc t ua t e d by a number of
i nt e r e s t i ng 1 a ndf or ms s t a r t i ng f r om t be br a c k i s h wa t e r
Pul i c at . La k e i n t he No r t h t o t he r oc k y c o a s t of Kany a-
k umar i i n t he S o ut h. Many ot he r f e a t u r e s , s uc h as mud
f l a t s , s a ndy b e a c h e s , ma ng r ov e s , ma r s h, d e l t a , c r e e k s ,
pa l a c o be a c h r i dg e s e t c . , ar e pr e s e nt a l o ng t he c o a s t .
The c o a s t l i n e of Tami l Na du f r om Pul i c a t i n t he Nor t h
t o Ka ny a k uma r i i n t he S o ut h i s ov e r a t hous a nd k i l o me t e r s
1 ong .
Ge o l o g i c a l l y , t he e a s t c oa s t i s t he e dg e o f a '
g r a dua l l y f a l l i n g l a nds c a pe wi t h wa t e r . The s l ope s
ar e e x t r e me l y f l a t i n t he e nt i r e Tami l Nadu Coa s t on
t he l a ndwa r d s i de a nd t he s ame i s g e ne r a l l y t r ue on
t he s e a wa r d s i de as we l 1 . Ex c e pt f o r a ? s y s t e of o f f -
s hor e t r e nc he s o f f Po r t o Nov o and Ka r a i k k a l , t he
c ont i ne nt a l s he l f i s of g r a dua l s l o pe . I t i s v e r y
s ha l l ow i n t he Pal k - s t r a i t - Gul f of Mannar a r e a , whe r e
t he s he l t e r e d wa t e r s s por t a t hr i v i ng c or al r e e f and i s
a ba r e f l y s ubme r g e d l a nd br i dg e a l ong t he c ha i n of i s l e t s
r e f e r r e d a ppr o pr i a t e l y as Ada m' s br i dg e be t we e n I ndi a n
Coas t , and S r i ] a nk a n Co a s t . The s e a wa r d and l a ndwa r d
s i de s a l s o e x h i b i t v e r y f e w r oc k out c r o ps . I nde e d t he
onl y no t i c e a bl e one s a r e a t Manal 1 a pur a m, j us t s out h of
Ma dr a s . The g e o l o g y of Pe ni ns ul a r I ndi a i s ba s i c a l l y
Ar c he a n g ne i s s e s . S e di me nt a r y l oa d I n t hi s c oa s t i s
mai nl y by P e ni ns ul a r r i v e r s , pa r t i c ul a r l y t he Ca uv e r y
d e l t a . The a l l uv i um de po s i t e d by t he o t he r r i v e r s , Pa l a r ,
Ga di l a m, V a i g a i and Ta mba r a pa r a ni a r e not v e r y he a v y i n
c o mpa r i s o n.
The c o a s t a l z one i s al mos t e nt i r e l y a r a na t i o us
c oa r s e and f i n e s a nd. I t i s mos t l y s t e r i l e wi t h l i t t l e
or no o r g a ni c ma t t e r and s uppo r t i ng l i t t l e v e g e t a t i o n,
s av e odd t hor ny bus he s e x c e pt i n mang r ov e s wamps . The
s a nd zone i s a f l at br oad pi a i n f or a wi dt h v a r y i ng f r om
2 0 0 r a. t c 300 m. i n mos t s t r e t c he s , whi l e g oi ng upt o 500 r a,
a t o t he r s . Howev er i t bui l ds up i nt o dunes near Cudda l or e
a nd dune f or ma t i on i s ex t ens i v e'" i n t he s out he r n ha l f /o f
t he c oa s t f r om Rai aanat hapur ar a c oas t upt o Ka nni y a k una r i
Co a s t . I n f a c t t hi s r e a c he s v e r y s i g ni f i c a nt l e v e l s i n
Ti r une l v e l i Coas t ar ound Ti s a i y a nv i l ai and Uv a r y .
Geomor phol og y :
I n t he nor t h, ne a r Pul i c a t r ang e, t hr e e s t r a nd
l i n e s , wi t h i nt e r v e ni ng br oa d t i dal f a l t s oc c ur i n t he
c oa s t a l pl a i ns . La g oons , Mang r ov e s wamps , s a l t ma r s he s ,
e s t ua r i e s , c r e e k s , ba r r i e r , dune s , s pi t s and beac h t e r r a c e s
r e pr e s e nt t he mar i ne 1 andf or r as . Maj or Geor aor phi c f e a t ur e s
o f t he c oas t al t r a c t c o ns i s t s of an upl and pl a i n( F l uv i o
e r os i ona l ) , Fl ood pl a i n ( Fl uv i o- de pos i t i ona l ) , de l t a i c
p l a i n ( Fl uv i o- Ma r i ne ) and c oa s t a l pl ai n ( Ma r i ne ) . A l a r g e
pa r t of t he de l t a i c ar ea of t he coas t i s oc c upi e d by
i nt e r di s t r i but o r y f l ood b a s i ns , c ompr i s i ng br own and
r e ddi s h gr ey s i l t y c l a y and f i ne s ands . The c oas t ne a r
Mandapam i s a hug e c us pa t e f o r e l a nd and c ont i nua t i on t o
t h i s i s Rames war am I s l a nd whi c h i s bui l t ov e r a pl at f or m
of quat e nar y s and s t one end c or al r e e f s . The Ge onor phi c
f e a t ur e s f i g ur i j j g on t he s o ut he r n ex t r emi t y of t he c oas t
a l ong Tut i c o r i n and Ka nni y a k uma r i ar e be a c h, c oas t al
l o wl a nds , c oas t al pl a i ns , wav e c ut pl a t f or ms , cl i f f ed
c oa s t and c a pe .
Cl i ma t e :
The met eor ol og i c al a s pe c t of t he c oas t al zone i s
i nt e r e s t i ng . The nor mal wi nd s peeds ar e not e x c e s s i v e ,
but ar e s uf f i c i e nt l y br e e z y . The r ai nf al l on t hi s c oa s t
i s ' ma i nl y due t o t he r e t ur ni ng monsoon f r om nor t h- wes t
dur i ng Oc t obe r - De c e s be r s e a s o ns . The s out her n t i p of
Ka nni y a k uma r i c oas t howev er i s t he en! y por t i on of t he
I n x i i a r l ar i ci - mas s t o r e c e i v e bot h t he mons oons and ha s
pr e c i . p' - t a t . i o n s upt o 2 5 0 c ms . The r a i nf a l l e l s e whe r e
vci r - 'e:i - . f r om a mo de r a t e I CG c ms . at t he nor t he r n end of
Ma c i r a i ^- Po ndi c he r r y c o a s t t o about 1 5 0 c ms . at Tha nj a v ur
c o a s t : . F u r t h e r i t r a pi dl y d e c l i ne s , be i ng i n t he s hadow
of 3r
;
5 1 a nk a n 1 a ndma s s t o l e a v e che Ramanat hapur am-
T i r une . i v e l i c o a s t mo s t l y dr y .
R e s o u r c e s :
Gr o und Wa t e r Re s o ur c e s :
Gr o und wa t e r i s a mos t v a l u a b l e r e s our c e f o r
a j s r i . c j t ur a l a na i ndus t r i a l de v e l o pme nt ana c a t e r s t o
4 0 o i t he t o t a l i r r i g a t e d ar ea i n Ta mi l Na du.
The g r o und wa t e r pot e nt i a l o f t he c oas t i s
es t - i r mc e d b a s e d on t he r a i nf a l l , r e c ha r g e e t c . Gr ound
wa~ e- T i s e x t r a c t e d a l o ng t he c oa s t a l bl o c k s f or di f f e r e nt
u s e s : i uch a s f o r d r i n k i n g , do me s t i c , i ndus t r i a l ana
a g r i c ui t ur a l p ur p o s e s . The g r ound wa t e r e x t r a c t i o n has
b e e r
1
e x t e n s i v e i n t he di s t r i c t s of Cf t engai - MGR. Sout h Ar c ot ,
T&i s r o r . v ur a nd mo de r a t e i n ot he r s o ut he r n c oas t al di s t r i c t s .
I n t he Co a s t a j s t r e t c h of Ta mi l Nadu g e ne r a l l y
f o us r d i f f e r e n t a q u i f e r . s y s t ems ha v e be e n i d e n t i f i e d , v i z . ,
wa i t e r t a b l e , f i l t e r p e i ne , s ha l l o w a nd de e p a c qut f e r s ys t em
f j ^' ne a ma i nl y on t he c oa s t a l s and dune s l a r g e l y c a t e r s
t . c r i l e ne e d s o f t he pe o pl e a l ong t he c o a s t f or bot h domes t i c
ar - v a g r i c u l t u r a l pur po s e s .
The Che mi c a l q ua l i t y of g r o und wat er al ong t he
c c - v a r i e s f r om p l a c e t o pl a c e de pe ndi ng on
1
1 : choi og y .
r : - . f i l l , t o p o g r a p hy ana a f f e c t of s ea- i t er i nt r us i o n.
I n t he c o a s t a l t r a c t , v i de v a r i a t i o n oc c ur s i n t ne
c - s c c e r i s t i c o f f r e s h wa t e r and s a l i ne a qui f e r s dependi ng
o^ t he hy dr o g e o l og i c a l s i t ua t i o n. The dang er of oos s i bl e
S i - ^a t e r i n t r u s i o n i nt o coast - ai a q ui f e r s needs c ont i nuous
ir.;* i - or i ng .
Mi ne r a l Re s o ur c e s
I n t he a r e a a r ound Pul i c a t and Gummi di poondi t he
oc c ur r e nc e of l i me s h e l l s , s a l t and s i l i c a n s a nds a r e
v e r y much no t i c e d. Coa s t a l a r e a s r i c h i n Mo no z i t e , I I mni t e
Zi r c o n Gr ne t e t c .
Tami l Nadu Coa s t a l s a nds ar e a l s o a s i g ni f i c a nt
s our c e of many mi ne r a l s of t he Ti t a ni um- Zi r c on- Thor i um
g r o up. The s e oc c ur i n s i g n i f i c a n t q ua nt i t i e s i n t he
s o ut he r n e x t r e me s a r ound Ma na v a l a k k ur i c hi i n Ka nni y a k uma r i
c o a s t .
Oi l and Na t ur a l Ga s Re s our c e s
The Tami l Nadu c o a s t f r om Po ndi c he r r y t o Rames war am
ha s be e n i d e nt i f i e d as t he po t e nt i a l ar e a f o r e x pl o r a t i o n
of Oi l . and Nat ur al Gt a Commi s s i on ha s be e n c o nduc t i ng
i t s o pe r a t i o ns i n t hi s a r e a . The r e ha s be e n s ubs t a nt i a l
f i nds of Oi l bot h on l a nd a nd o f f s hor e a r e a s of t he
Cauv e r y Ba s i n.
VJ ave Cl i ma t e and Co a s t a l Re s pons e
Dur i ng t he mons oons t he c oa s t i s v e r y v ul ne r a bl e
t o c y c l one s whi c h oc c ur wi t h r e g ul a r f r e que nc y br i ng i ng
i n wi nd s pe e d, upt o 200 k mph and t i e ds upt o 1 0 me t r e s .
The s ur f i s v e r y a c t i v e wi t h a nor mal t i de of a me t r e .
The r e i s a s t r o ng 1 i t t e r a l d r i f t i n t he no r t he r n
pa r t of t he c o a s t . The c ur r e nt i s f a i r l y s t r ong i n t he
Pondi c he r r y - Ma dr a s s e c t o r a nd v i r t ua l l y s e a l s of t he
r i v e r i ne e s t ua r i e s dur i ng t he l ow f l o w s e a s o n. Thi s ha s
r es ul t e d i n al mos t al 1 t he r i v e r s i n t hi s s e c t o r t o
de v e l o p a s and- bar l o c k e d l a g o o n t o t he i r no r t he r n ba nk
c r e a t i ng a s e r i e s of f r e s h a nd br a c k i s h wa t e r s wamps or
l a g o o ns . The Pul i c a c La k e a t t he nor t he r n bor de r a r ound
S r i ha r i k o t a i s l a nd i s t he b i g g e s t of t he s e . Thi s c o upl e d
wi t h t he s out hwa r d d r i f t of Pa l a r r i v e r ov e r t he l a s t
1 0 0 , OOC y e a r s hav e l e f t a s e r i e s of i a r g e s ub- s oi l a c q u i f i e
Ta bl e I COAS TAL TOWNS /CI TI ES i n TAMI L NADU AND THEI R
POPULATI ON ACCORDI NG TO 1 9 9 1 CENSUS
Di s t r i c t Name o f t he Ur ban Ar e a Po pu] a t i o n
Co a s t a l Cl a s s a c c o r di ng
Town ( 1 9 9 1 ) t o 1991
c e ns us
1 . Madr as Ma dr a s ( MC) I 1 7 4 . . 0 3 8 4 1 3 9 6
2 . Cheng ai - MGR Th i r u v o t t i y u r ( M) I 2 1 , . 4 2 1 6 8 6 4 2
P u l i c a t ( P ) V 11, . 8 6 4 4 0 2
3 . S out h Ar c o t Cuddal o r e ( M) I 5 . 4 8 1 4 4 5 6 1
Vai l ar P o r t o no v o ( P ) I I I 11 . 8 1 2 3 5 5 0
4 . Na g a i Na g a pa t t i na m( M) I I 19 . 5 0 9 9 7 4 5
Qui de Adhi r a ma pa t t i na m
i
I I I 12 . 8 0 26645
Mi l 1 e t h Tr a nq ue b a r ( P ) I V 19 . 2 2 1 8 8 8 1
Mut hupe t ( P) I V 11 . 2 7 18826
A k k a r a i p e t t a i ( P ) V 4 . 0 0 8756
Thi r umul 1 a i v a s a l I V 17 . 2 6 11551
5 . Tha nj a v ur Ve da r a ny a m( P) I I I 33 . 9 7 2 7 8 3 2
6 . S'amanat hap-
Ki l a k a r a i I I I 27 , 2 0 2 9 9 2 8
ur am
. 3 6
ur am
Rame s war am I I I 52 . 3 6 3 2 7 2 1
Ma nda pa m( P) I V 21 . 1 6 19935
To nd i ( P ) V 12 . 3 8 19 240
7 . Ti r une l v e l i Tu t i c o r i n( M) I 13 . 3 8 1 9 2 9 4 9
Ka t t a bo mma nTi r uc he ndur ( P) I I I 13 . 4 7 2 7 4 2 0
8 . V . O. Chi dam - Ka y a l pa t t i na m( P) I I I 16 . 4 0 24428
ba r a na r
Ar umug a ne r i . ( P) I I I 10 . 8 0 2 3 4 5 3
T u t i c o r i n ( P ) VI 2 . 1 6 5 9 1 2
P a l a y a k k a y a l ( P ) VI 23 . 7 9 4 9 2 5
Kul a s e k a r a pa t t i na m V 5 . 7 6 7829
9 . Ka nni y a -
k umar i
Kol ac hal ( , ) I I I 5 . 1 8 2 4 3 0 5 Ka nni y a -
k umar i
Ka nni y a k uma r i ( TS ) I V 4 . 9 1 1 7 2 2 5
Tot a l 5 8 . 4 2 4 8 2 7 0 5 7
Sour c e : Ce ns ur of I nd i a - Tami l Nadu 1991
many of whi c h a r e a l s o on t he c o a s t . I nde e d i t i s common
i n t hi s be l t t o t a k e f r e s n wat er a c q ui f i e r f a i r l y c l o s e t o
t he c o a s t , whi l e f a r t he r i s l a nd t he us ual s e a - i nt r us i o n of
br a c k i s h wa t e r we l l s a r e t a ppe d f or s hr i mp pr o duc t i o n. Thi s
howe v e r i s not t r ue f a r t h e r s out h and s a l t pans oc c ur c l o s e
t o t he s e a .
B. S o c i o Ec onomi c Co ndi t i o ns of Tami l Nadu Coa s t
Popul at . i on
The c o a s t l i ne of Ta mi l Na du, e x t e ndi ng ov e r 1 0 0 0 KM
i n l e ng t h i s do t t e d wi t h ne a r l y 25 bi g and s mal l ur ba n
c e nt r e s , and a bout 260 v i l l a g e s and f or ms a maj or c o nt r i but o r
t o t he ec onomy of t he S t a t e . The s e ur ba n c e nt r e s c ov e r
mar i t i me d i s t r i c t c o mpr i s i ng of f our Cl a s s I c i t i e s /t o wns ,
t . .
anu one c l a s s I I t own a nd t e n Cl a s s I I I t owns . The r e e x i s t
al s o j t en ov e r a l l t owns be l o ng i ng t o t hr e e l owe r c l a s s e s .
The g r owt h of po pul a t i o n i n t he c oa s t a l ur ba n a r e a s
i s on t he i nc r e a s e . The r a pi a e x pa ns i on of po pul a t i o n i n
c oa s t a l ur ba n a r e a s i s unde r s t a nda bl e s i nc e t he c oa s t a l
t owns ar e c e nt r e s of t r a de and r a nuf a c t ur i ng a c t i v i t i e s .
Na g a pa t t i na m, Ve da r a ny a m, Adhi v a r a mpa t t i na m, Mut hupe t ,
Ki l a k a r a i , Ka y a l pa t t i na m, Kul a s e k a r a pa t t i na m ar e s ome of
t he t owns whe r e po pul a t i o n i s pr e domi nant whos e a c t i v i t i e s
ar e o r i e nt e d ma i nl y t o wa r ds t r a de and c ommer c e.
The de ns i t y of po pul a t i o n i n t he c oa s t a l ur ba n a r e a
has hi g he r c o nc e nt r a t i o n. The c i t y of Madr as ha s t he maxi mun
de ns i t y i n t he S t a t e . The c oas t al ur ba n a r e a s c o ns t i t ut e
r oug hl y 10% of t he t o t a l ur ba n a r e a s of t he S t a t e
of 5860 s q . k m. The po pul a t i o n of c oa s t a l a r e a s
as pe r 1981 c e ns us was 3 9 . 7 3 l a k hs and i t was e s t i ma t e d
t o be i n t he o r de r of ne a r l y 50 l a k hs i n t he y e a r 2 0 0 1 .
Di s t r i c t : Ch e n g a l p a t t u M. G. R.
Ta l u k : P o n n e r i
Vi l l a g e No , Name o f v j . l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a Numbe r o f Ho u s e - De n s i t y
U<~'HS8 hol r i s
1 6 9
252
96
93
92
4 5
P a l a v e r k a d u
P u l i c a t a /c
b / c
c / c
Ka r i ma n a l
Th a n g a l p e r u mb a l a m
Ka l a n j i
Ka t t u p a l l i
Pu z h u t h i v *k k am
4 1 8 4
3 6 6 0
5 0 6 4
1674
161
768
301
1 1 8 5 . 7 4
38 9 4 . 7 6
7 1 5 5 6
4 5 7 . 0 1
9 9 6 . 3 2
1 0 3 7 . 7 5
8 2 3
7 9 7
1102
404
44
203
81
8 3 8
7 9 7
1102
404
44
203
81
3 . 5 3
2 . 3 4
0 . 3 5
0 . 7 7
0 . 2 9
r
Di s t r l c t : Ch e n g a l p a t t u M. G. P . .
Ta l u k : Ch e n g a l p a t t u
Vi l l a g e
No.
Name o f Vi l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a
No. o f
Ho u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d
De n s i t y
181
200
201
Na v a l u r 1546 209. . 0 9 3 2 9 331 7, . 3 9
Eg a t t u r 683 3 0 7 . . 84 1 0 0 100 2. . 2 2
Ka z h i p a t t u r 1454 4 6 3 . , 03 3 0 2 303 3, . 34
P a du r 2534 7 0 3 . . 9 1 536 539 3. , 6 0
Ke l amba' kl c am 2625 1 7 6 . , 26 5 3 0 581 14. . 8 9
Ma ma 11a p u r am 8 3 7 1 9 0 3 . . 00 1 5 5 7 1772 9. , 27
S a d u r a n g a p a t t j n a m 5 7 9 8 2 5 9 . . 41 1283 1395 22. . 35
P u d u p a t t i n a m 1 8 1 9 6 6 5 4 . , 34 4 2 0 0 4332 27. . 81
Vo y a l u r 4436 6 2 0 . 7 2 9 4 0 1016 7. , 35
Dl s t r i c t : Ch e n g a l p a t t u M. G. R.
Ta l u k : Ch e v y u r
VI 1 3 a g e
No .
Name o f Vi l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f
Ho u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d
De n s i t y
3 0 5 Mu d a l i y a r k u p p a m 3 5 9 8 1 0 1 3 . 5 8 803 803 3 . 5 5
3 0 4 P a n a i y u r 5 7 1 0 1 2 6 1 . 3 8 1103 1106 4 . 5 3
293 Al a mb a r a i 2808 1 6 1 . 8 8 5 9 9 602 1 7 . 3 5
2 9 2 Ko t t a i k a d u a /b 5 4 1 0 9 7 4 . 9 9 1122 1183 5 . 5 5
Ko t t a i k a d u b /b 2808 - 627 628 -
3 9 5 Ka d a l u r 5 2 2 3 1 4 3 6 . 1 1 1 1 3 7 1137 3 . 6 4
1 0 6 Ki l a r k o l l o i 1578 2 1 1 . 8 4 3 1 9 322 7 . 4 5
3 5 2 Ka n a t h u r 2186 6 1 1 . 7 4 473 473 3 . 5 7
Gu d u v a p p a 1 l a v a d i
Ku d i k a d u .
Pa nc h a y amku ppam
Th i y a g a v a l l i
Th i r u c h o p wr a m
Ka y a l pa kka r n
An d a r Mul l i o a l l a r n
S i n g a r a k u ^ i
Di s t r i c t : S o u t h Ar c o t Va l l a l a r
Ta l u k : Cu d d a l o r e
Vi l l a g e ' Name o f v i l l a g e
No .
P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f
Ho u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
1 7 7
3 4
Ma d a l l i p a t t u
S uba r i ppa l a v a di
5 1 6 5
4 0 5
6 4 0 . 6 7
1 2 9 . 0 5
1 0 6 9
92
1 0 6 9
92
8 . 0 6
3 . 1 4
- 1 1 -
Dl s t r i c t : Ch e n g a l p a t t u M. G. R.
Ta l u k : Ti n d i v a n a m
Vi l l a g e
No .
Name of Vi l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f
Ho u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
202
205
2 1 0
215
214
Ma r a kka n a m
At c h i k a d u
P a n i c h a me du
Kunni r odu
Ch e t t i k u p p a m
P e t t a i
Ar um a nd a i
1 6 3 7 4
6 5 1
1 0 2 5
7771
1 8 4 1
3 4 9 0 . 6 9
3 1 7 . 5 5
1 8 7 . .13
1 8 8 5 . 3 7
5 6 2 . 4 2
3 3 0 6
132
203
1610
383
3399
132
203
1611
383
4 . 6 9
2 . 0 5
5 . 4 8
4 . 1 2
3 . 2 7
P u d u n a t t u
Di s t r i c t : Ch e n g a l p a t t u M. G. R.
Ta l u k * Va n u r
Vi l l a g e
No .
Name o f Vi l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a
No . o f
Ho u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
3 0 3
2 5 8
Ko t t a k u p p a m
Bomma y a mpa 1a y a m
Va d a p a t t i n a m
Th e n p a t t i n a m
Mu g a i y u r
P a r a ma n k e n i
2 0 9 5 0
7 0 1 7
9 6 5 . J 3
1 2 4 7 . 4 2
3 7 6 7
135.1
3 8 5 9
1 3 6 4
2 1 . 7 1
5 . 6 3
Ve mb a n u r
Dl s t r l c t i S o u t h Ar c o t Va l l a l a r
Ta l u k Ch i d a mb a r a m
Vi l l a g e
No .
Na me o f Vi l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a NO. o f
Ho u s e s
Ho u s e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
75
62
63
66
6 9
76
Kl l l a l 9 4 6 1
P l t c h a v a r a m R. F . -
P i t c h a v a r a m Ex t e n s i o n -
R. F .
S i l a mb i ma n g a l a m 4 995
Vi l l i y a n a l l u r 3 2 6 4
Ko t h a t t a l 3 2 0 2
Ar l y a g o s h t l a A> 2 6 3 1
Ar i y a g o s h t l b / b 3 4 7 2
Th a n d a v a r a y a 1 1 5 1
Ch o l a n g a n p e t t a l .
1 4 3 1 . 5 1
1 0 2 5 . 6 7
9 2 . 2 7
7 5 3 . 4 5
8 6 5 . 0 6
7 7 0 . 5 5
8 9 0 . 7 4
3 3 1 . 7 9
2068 2068 6. 61
1 0 3 2
681
6 4 2
5 4 6
680
2 4 5
1 0 5 6
682
6 4 2
5 4 6
6 9 0
2 4 5
6 . 6 3
3 . 7 7
4 . 1 6
2 . 9 5
3 . 4 7
Di s t r i c t : Na g a p a t t i n a m Qu a i d - e - Mi l l e t h Di s t r i c t
Ta l u k : S i r k a l i
Vi l l a g e No . Na me o f Vi l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f
Ho u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
P e r u n t h o t t a m P a nda - 4 2 7 0
r a v a d a i
P u d u p a 1 1 i nam A/B 6 1 7 5
B /B 1 2 6 9
Th a n d a v a k u l a m 4 1 3 0
Ve d a n k u d i 4 6 4 6
Th i r u mu l l a l v a s a l 1 1 5 5 1
( Ur b a n P a n c h a y a t )
Th e n n a mp a t t i n a m 4 1 3 8
Ki l a l y u r 6 6 4 3
Va n a g i r i 5 3 4 8
6 0 7 . 5 7
1 5 3 0 . 2 8
fMk
1022. 20
1 5 6 3 . 0 0
6 6 9 . 2 4
7 8 4 , 3 3
B 9 6 7 6
801.08
9 8 4
1 4 2 7
295
1 0 5 9
1022
8 9 8
1453
1 1 6 4
9 8 9
1461
2 9 5
1 0 5 9
1022
914
1 4 7 7
1164
7 . 0 3
4 . 0 4
4 . 0 4
2 . 9 7
1 7 . 2 6
5 . 2 8
7 , 4 1
6.68
Di s t r l c t * Na g a i Qu a i d - e - Mi l l e t h Di s t r i c t
Ta l u k * Th a r a g a mb a d l
Vi l l a g e
NO.
Name o f
T
o wn P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f
Ho u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
P o r a i y a r
Ka 1a ma n a t t u r 2 8 0 5
Ma r uda r npa l l a m 28 02
P i l l a i p e r u ma l Na l l u r 2593
Ma n i k k a p a n g u 4 2 4 3
S a t t a n g u d i
811. 26
5 0 2 . 1 6
8 3 9 . 2 5
6 2 4 . 0 0
6 5 6
6 1 7
626
9 1 0
6 5 8
6 1 7
626
928
3 . 4 6
5 . 5 8
3 . 0 9
6. 80
Ta r a g a mb a d l 18881 9 8 2 . 3 6 1 9 . 2 2
Na g a p a t t i n a m Qu a i d - e - Mi l l e t h
Na g a p a t t i n a m
Vi l l a g e
No .
Na me o f
T
o wn P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f
Ho u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
Na g o r e A/B
B /B
Va d a k k u p o y a r
P a p p a k o v i l
P r a t h i b a Ra ma pur a m
Ka r u v e l a n g a d a i
Hi i r u p p u n d i Ki l c h e t t i
Th e r k k u p o y u r
Vi l a n d a ma d e v i
Ve l l a n k a n n i
V e t t a i k a r a n I r uppu
A/B
B /B
8 3
8 8 7
2 7 5 2
5 7 7 9
1 0 5 1
4 4 9 0
6155
4648
2 2 4 0
5 8 0 . 7 5
1 5 5 3 . 9 6
3 0 8 . 0 0
9 3 6 . 0 5
428.24
1168. 82
18
193
6 3 3
1 3 1 5
261
1 1 3 6
1501
1193
601
18
193
6 3 3
1315
261
1136
1301
1193
602
4 . 7 4
3 . 7 2
3 . 4 1
4 . 8 0
14.57
3.98
Ng a p a t t i nar m 8 6 4 8 9 5 8 4 3 . 8 5 1 4 . 8 0
# *
Dl s t r l c t * Na g a l - Qu a l d - e - Mi l i e t h
Ta l u k * Ve d a r a n y a m
Vi l l a g e Name o f Town P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f Hous e - De n s i t y
No . h o u s e s h o l d s
M M n < w U i . t ~ =
I
Ag a s t h i ar npa 111
Ko d i y a k a d u ( Ko d i k a r a i ) 176 2 6 9 4 . 7 1 3 8 4 384 2 . 5 4
Ko v i l p a t t u 2 7 4 7 567<> 00 6 8 2 6 8 2 4 . 8 4
Ve l l a p a l l a r n 5 3 1 1 9 3 7 . 3 7 1241 1243 5 . 6 7
Na l u v e d a mp a t t l 4 9 3 8 9 5 9 . 6 9 1 2 1 7 1 2 1 9 5 . 1 5
P us hpa v a na m 5 7 0 0 1 3 7 0 . 3 1 1405 1407 4. 1 6
P e r i y a g u t t a g a l 2 2 3 3 6 1 4 . 9 0 513 513 3 . 6 3
Th o p p a t h u r a i
Ve d a r a n y a m U/A 2 9 8 3 2 8 7 7 . 6 7 3 3 . 9 9
- 1 8 -
Di s t r i c t : Na g a i - Qu a i d - e - Mi l l e t h
Ta l u k : Th l r u t h u r a i poor j di
Vi l l a g e Name o f To wn P o p u l a t i o n
No .
Mut h up - t ( 1 ) Ru r a l 1 8 8 2 6
( 2 ) Ur b a n 421
Th u r a i k k a d u A/b 2 7 5 1
B /b
Ar e a No . o f Hous e - De n s i t y
h o u s e s h o l d s
1 6 7 0 . 4 5 1 1 . 2 7
7 3 . 1 2 111 111 5 . 7 6
3 4 6 o 44 6 6 5 686 7 . 9 6
- 19-
Di s t r i c t : Na g a i Qu a i d - e - Mi l i a t h
Ta l u k : Na n n l l a m
Vi l l a g e Name o f To wn P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f Hous e - De n s i t y
No . Ho u s e s h o l d s
P a n a n g u d l 1 2 2 5 3 1 1 . 4 8 265 266
3 . 9 3
Di s t r i c t : Th a n j a v u r ~20-
Ta l u k : P a t t u k o t t a l
Vi l l a g e Na me o f Town P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No. o f Hous e - De ns i t y-
No. h o u s e s h o l d s
Tha mbl kku Na l l a v a n k o t t a i
Ma r a v a kka du A/B
B /B
1715
8 6 0
2 5 3 1 . 2 435
188
435
188
0 . 6 8
Tha mbl kku Na l l a v a n k o t t a i
Va da kku 3522 1 2 9 3 . 0 2 896 896 2 . 7 2
Th a ma r a n k o t t a i A/B
B /B
5252
5025
2 3 0 9 . 6 0 1202
1231
1211
1231
2 . 2 7
P a l a n j u r 2 092 1 4 7 6 . 2 0 494 494 1 . 4 2
Ad i r a mp a t t i n a m 1591 98 7 . 4 0 241 241 1 . 6 1
Er i p u r a k k a r a i 2504 8 2 9 . 4 0 5 3 0 530 3 . 0 2
Ve l l i v a y a l 5 7 9 1 7 5 . 6 0 126 126 3 . 3 0
S a r a b e n d r a r a y a n p a t t i n a m 4563 2 0 7 . 3 4 780 8 5 0 2 2 . 0 1
Ra j a ma da m 2094 6 2 5 . 2 0 513 513 3 . 3 5
Ko l l u k k a d u 1795 5 0 5 . 0 0 368 368 3 . 4 8
P u du p a t t i n a m 1 3 0 0 2 4 2 . 2 0 251 258 5 . 3 7
An d i k k a d u 1409 3 6 6 . 8 0 324 324 3 . 8 4
Ko l l i v o y a l , 6 5 1 1 5 . 6 0 15 15 0 . 5 6
Ka r i s a v a y a l A/B
B /B
1113
551
2 2 1 . 8 8 255
129
255
129
5 . 0 2

Di s t r l c t : Th a n j a v u r
Ta l u k : P e r a v o o r a n i
Vi l l a g e Name o f Town P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f Hous e - De ns i t y -
No. h o u s e s h o l d s
Ro wt h a n v a y a l 793 129. , 48 128 131
VI l l u n n l y o y a l 95 3 9 1 . , 21 27 27
Ad i k a d e v a n 6 1 1 3 3 5 . , 15 144 144
S e n d a l a l v a y a l 1 1 6 7 186. . 14 212 212
Nadi y ar n 2093 7 0 7 . . 82 454 4 7 0
S e d u b a v a c h a t t r a m 1225 94. , 1 0 237 243
Ma r a k k a v a l a s a i 1443 4 0 4 . . 31 286 292
Ar i y a k u t t l t h e v a n 24 115. . 09 5 5
Th l r u v a t h e v a n 1 9 2 2 7 2 5 . . 16 4 1 0 4 1 7
Ku p p a t h e v a n A/b 1496 5 3 6 . >70 3 2 7 334
B /b 4 7 9 ?. . 3 8 9 9
l
i
Di s t r i c t : P u d u k o t t a i
Ta l u k Av u d a l y a r Ko v l l
Vi l l a g e
N
a me o f Town P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f Hous e - De n s i t y
No . h o u s e s h o l d s
Me l a s t a n a m ( 3 p a r t ) 246 3 8 6 . 9 6 56 56 0 . 6 4
Ma n a me l k u d i A/b 8 6 5 9 1 1 3 5 . 2 4 1863 1864 7 . 6 3
B /b 4 9 6 8 - 8 4 2 846
y
Ko d i k u l a m 1 0 7 3 7 1 0 2 8 . 6 4 2178 2304 1 0 . 4 4
Ki z h aman j a k k u a i 2 0 8 1 5 9 4 . 5 0 413 413 3 . 5 0
Na t t a n i p u r a s a k u d i 7 7 1 9 9 1 6 . 2 1 1418 1436 8 4 2
Al a g a n v a y a l 2 6 2 7 2 3 8 , 4 5 498 498 l l o 0 2
Ena di . 298 3 3 1 . 5 3 63 63 0 . 9 0
S u b r ahr nany a pu r am 3 0 9 2 2 3 9 . 9 6 5 0 4 528 1 2 , 8 9
Ra v u t h a n v a y a 1 1 6 9 3 6 . 8 7 4 0 40 4 . 5 8
P i l l a i y a r t i d a l 2 9 5 1 6 8 . 3 7 6 9 6 9 1 . 7 5
Mu n p a l a i 1 6 1 6 8 7 3 . 6 9 312 312 1 . 8 5
Ma n a me l k u d i
Av a d a i y a r p a t t i n a m 3 9 0 1 8 . 1 1 65 65 2 1 . 5 4
Th a n d a l a i A/b 943 5 9 8 . 5 4 2 3 0 230 1 . 5 8
B /b 5 5 1 - 94 94 -
P e r i a ma d a i p a y a c h a l A/b 2 0 7 1 7 7 8 . 3 0 4 4 0 440 2 . 6 6
B /b 9 2 4 - 212 212
S ^y y a ndi a m 1203 7 6 1 . 3 5 239 239 1 . 5 8
Mi mi s a l
P a l a n g u l a m
D s t r i c t :
Ta l u k :
Ra ma n a t h a p u r a m
Th i r u v a d a n a l
Vi l l a g e
No .
Na me o f Vi l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f
h o u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
Ma r u n g u r A/c -
B /c 3 8 7 0
C/c 1 3 5 1
Up p u r A/b 2 9 8 9
B /b 5 8 5
T1 r u p o a l a i k u d i 7 0 7 8
Va t t a n a m A/ e 1 5 1
B /e
C/e 4 9 0
D/e 1 1 3 9
E /e
Mu t h u r a ma l i n g a p a t t i n a mi 2 5 4
Va l a n g u d l 2 1 8
P u d u p a t t i n a m A/c 1 2 7 8
B /c 1 6 4 0
C/ c 723
Ch i t t u r u v a d i 2 1 4 5
5 6 4 . 7 8
6 7 0 . 8 5
2 8 6 . 6 3
4 6 4 . 3 7
1 5 5 . 4 6
8 1 . 7 8
1 1 5 . 3 8
5 8 9 . 8 8
6 3 7
2 8 7
5 9 0
123
1273
38
101
241
4 9
41
233
316
1 2 5
4 7 2
6 3 7
2 8 7
5 9 0
123
1 2 7 3
38
101
2 4 1
4 9
41
235
3 4 5
1 2 5
4 7 2
4 . 4 6
2 4 . 6 9
0 . 3 3
1. 63
2 . 6 7
11.08
3 . 6 4
Ta l u k : Th l r u v a d a n a l c o n t d . .
Vl l l a g e
No .
Name o f Tov m P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f
h o u s e s
Ho u s e
h o l d s
De n s i t y
Va l a ma v u r A/b
B /b
Tho ndi ( U/A ) ( T P )
Na nt but ha l a i
Ka l i y a n a g u r i
73
3 1 1
1 9 2 4 0
6 9 0 8
2 7 3 . 6 6
1 5 5 4 . 1 2
8 1 6 . 5 5
16
63
16
63
0 . 2 7
1 2 . 3 8
8 . 4 6
K a n a t h a n k u n d u

- 25-

Di s t r i c t : Ra ma n a t h a p u r a m
'4
Ta l u k : Raman a t h a p u r am
Vi l l a g e
No .
1 .
Name o f To wn
2 .
P o p u l a t l o n
3 .
Ar e a
4 .
No . o f
h o u s e s
5 .
Hous e -
h o l d s
6 .
De n s i t y
7 .
P a t t e n n e n d a l 623 6 8 1 . 6 0 1 3 9 139 0 . 9 1
M&nda p a m b / c 1 1 3 6 2 2 6 3 . 9 2 2 4 7 247 0 . 5 0
c / c 4 5 7 3 - 8 9 8 8 9 8 -
Puduma da m 6 9 4 0 7 8 3 . 1 9 1 4 6 1 . 7 ; . 1^ 61 8 . 8 6
De v i p a t t i n a m a /b 7 6 3 5 1 5 2 0 . 7 9 1486 1 5 1 0 5 . 0 2
De v l p a t t i n a m b /b 715 - 148 148 -
Ch i t t r a k k o t t a i 6 6 6 7 2 1 0 6 . 8 2 1331 1337 3 . 1 6
At t i y u t h u . 2 4 0 7 1 1 6 2 . 5 8 445 445 2 . 0 7
Te r b u o g i a / b 2 9 7 2 1 0 5 4 . 9 7 4 9 9 499 2 . 8 2
f e r b u o g i b /b 2 1 9 0 - 4 0 0 4 0 0
>
Al a g a n k u l a m a / b 6 3 9 0 2 2 9 4 . 4 7 1 3 1 9 1 3 2 0 2 . 7 8
Al a g p mk u l a m b / b 6 9 7 4 - 1 3 1 7 1 3 1 7 -
At t a n g a r a i 2 8 5 4 8 1 4 . 7 6 6 0 1 616 3 . 5 0
Ki l n a g a c h c h i 2 3 2 8 9 5 4 . 1 2 5 0 2 502 2 . 4 4
Enmanamkondan 5159 481. 17 1141 1154 10. 72 r
P i r a p p a n v a l a s a i a / b 2572 1 0 7 0 . 6 1 625 625 2. 40
b / b
S a t t a k k o n v a l a s a i
1 4 1 9
2 1 0 8 1 3 3 2 . 9 2
293
405
293
406
mm
1. 58
No c h i y u r a n i a / b 7 5 0 1 3 0 5 . 2 0 152 152 0 . 5 7
b / b 1581 398 398
r nnl ' f W
Ta l uks
R
a ma n a t h a p u r a m c o n t d . . . .
2 . 3 . 514. f t . 6 . 7 .
Ka r a n a / b 2 1 3 0 1 2 3 1 . 4 0 4 4 1 441 1 . 7 3
b / b 1 0 3 4 - 2 5 2 252

Re t t a i y u r a n l a /b 903 1 3 8 2 . 3 3 203 203 0 . 6 5
b /c 2 9 7 2 - 7 1 7 7 1 7 -
c / c 1571
- 3 8 0 3 8 0 -
P e r l y a p a t t l n a m a /b 6 1 7 7 9 3 1 . 7 5 1 1 2 2 1122 6 . 6 3
b / b 1585 - 3 3 7 3 3 7 - -
Ka l l ma n k u n d u a /c 2484 1 1 9 0 . 0 4 5 75 575 2 . 0 9
b /c 1 9 2 2 - 4 1 7 417 -
c / c 1 0 7 0 - 2 6 2 262 -
Tl r u p p u l l a n l a /d 1 8 4 9 2 9 2 9 . 0 2 2 8 7 287 0 . 6 3
b /d 8 1 1 - 154 152 -
c / d 2025 - 3 8 0 3 8 0 -
d /d 1 9 1 4 - 434 434 -
Ka n j l r a n g u d l a / b 5 4 3 1 1 5 8 6 . 4 8 1 0 4 9 1 0 4 9 3 . 4 2
Ke e l a k a r a l a /b 2 9 0 6 1 0 9 8 . 8 4 5 9 8 598 2 . 6 4
Ko o l a k a r a l T. P . ( u /a ) 2 9 9 2 8 1 1 0 0 . 2 9 - - 2 7 . 2 0
Ma y a ku l a m 3 1 0 7 1 3 7 4 . 1 2 6 0 1 6 0 1 2 . 2 6
Ra ma n a t h a p u r a m
Ra me s wa r a m
Vi l l a g e
No .
Na me o f To wn P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f
h o u s e s
Hous e **
h o l d s
De n s i t y
R
a me s wa r a m ( TS ) u / a 3 2 7 2 1 6 2 4 . 9 2 5 2 . 3 6
P a mba n a / b
P a mba n b / b
11602
1 2 1 9 9
2 3 0 4
2 3 5 2
2 3 1 2
2 3 7 6
V. O. Ch i d a mb a r a n a r
Vi l a t h l k u l a m
v i i i a g e
No .
Na me o f Town P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o
h o u s e s
Ho us e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
Ve mb a r a / b
b / b
V a i p p a r Pa r t 1 a /b
P a r t I I b / b
Re v i a s a mi pur a m
Ka l l a r a n a l
1 4 1 7
3 7 0 5
18 75
2 5 5 1
1 3 2 3 . 2 5
3 7 0 0 . 9 5
254
6 6 4
4 2 7
473
2 6 5
6 7 5
4 2 9
4 8 5
1 . 0 7
0 . 5 1
Di s t r i c t : V. O. Ch i d a mb a r a n a r
Ta l u k : Ot t a p i d a r a m
- 29-
Vi l l a g e Nam o f v i l l a g e P o o u l a t i o n Ar e a h o u s e s h S d s " De n s i t y
No .
Ki l a Ar a s a i d 1 3 6 8 1 3 1 5 . 4 3 303 306 1 . 0 4
P a t t a n a ma r u d u r 8 3 8 1074- . 88 165 .165 0 . 7 8
Ta r u v a i k k u l a m 4 5 8 7 1 7 2 8 . 3 0 8 7 6 8 7 6 2 . 6 5
aos M
Di s t r i c t t V. O. Ch i d a mb a r a n a r
Ta l u k : Tu t i c o r i n
Vi l l a g e Name o f Town
No .
S a n k a r a p p e r i a /b 53 76
Mu l l a k k a d u 2271
( Tu t i c o r i n u / a v i l l a g e )
Tu t i c o r i n ( Ru r a l ) 5 9 1 2
( Tu t i c o r i n u / a v i l l a g e )
Tu t i c o r i n ( To wn ) 1 9 9 8 5 4
Mi l a v i t t a n 1 0 6 7 9
( Tu t i c o r i n u / a v i l l a g e )
Ma p p i l a i u r a n i 1 3 3 2 7
( Tu t i c o r i n u /a v i l l a g e )
Ar e a No . o f ( Hous e - De n s i t y
h o u s e s ' h o l d s
1 3 1 7 . 9 4 1 1 5 7 1180 4 . 0 3
1 2 0 . 8 6 1 3 . 7 9
2 7 3 7 . 0 4 2 . 1 6
1 4 8 3 6 . 9 7 1 3 . 4 7
2 9 8 . 8 8 3 5 . 7 3
15 3 0 *0 8 8 . 7 1
t 31-
Di s t r l c t : v . O. Ch i d a mb a r a n a r
Ta l u k : S r i v a i k u n t a m
Vi l l a g e No , Name o f To wn P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No , o f Hous e - De n s i t y
h o u s e s h o l d s
P a l a y a k a y a l 4 9 2 5 2 0 7 . 0 2 2 3 . 7 9
( Tu t i c o r i n u/c i
v i l l a g e )
Mu k k a n i
V. O. Ch i d a mb a r a n a r
Ti r u c h e n d u r
VI 1 1 a g e
No.
Name o f Town P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . of
h o u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
P u n n a k a y a l 5521
" Ve e r a p a n d i a n p a t t i n a m
a /b 3431
b / b 2354
Ku l a s e k h a r a n p a t n a m
a /b 1 1 3 9
Ma dh a v a nku r i c b i 2 1 9 0
Ma na p a du 5 2 8 0
Ka y a l p a t t i n a m 24428
( Th i r u c h e n d u r u /a
v i l l a g e )
Ki l Ti r u c h e n d u r 2 7 4 2 0
u&amoi di Kar ai chat t u
4 0 6 . 8 3
8 5 2 . 8 1
1/10.26
9 9 6 . 1 5
4 5 3 . 5 7
1 4 8 9 . 5 1
2 6 1 1 . 4 3
939
666
292
308
5 0 9
916
1003
707
292
308
516
919
1 3 . 5 7
4 . 0 2
8. 12
2. 20
1 1 . 6 4
1 6 . 4 0
1 0 . 5 0
Di s t r i c t * v. o. Ch l d a mb a r a n a r
Ta l u k ? S a t t a n k u l a m
t> i M M W* * * * * * " * " " ' ' ' " "
Vi l l a g e N&me of Town P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f Hous e - De n s i t y
No . h o u s e s h o l d s
Pa dukk a p a t t u a /c 2 2 6 7 1 5 2 3 . 0 9 5 0 1 504 1 . 4 9
b /c 1723 - 413 3513
c / c 3R27 - 6 3 6 692
Th i r u p a n l p u t h a m t ha r r i v a l
Di s t r i c t Ti r u n e l v e l i Ka t t a bomma n
Ta l u k * Ra dha pur a m
Vi l l a g e Name of
v
i l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No . o f Hous e - De n s i t y
No . h o u s e s h o l d s
27 Kut t a m 4414 2 5 5 4 . 0 6 8 9 0 8 9 2 1 . 7 3
8 4 Ka mi c h c h u f c hu v a r i a /b 2 9 6 7 8 1 1 . 5 3 6 98 7 0 0 3, , 66
Ka r a i c h c h u t h u v a r i b / b 4 6 7 1 4 8 5 . 1 3 9 0 0 935 9 . 6 3
29
u
Ka r a i c h c h u t h u p d u r a /b 3465 2 2 9 7 . 0 7 8 1 1 8 1 2 1 . 5 1
Ka r a i c h c h u t h u p u d u r b / b 3 3 9 4 - 7 2 8 728 -
39 Ti r u v a mb a l a p u r a m a / b 3148 1 8 2 5 . 0 7 7 1 7 718 1 . 7 2
Ti r uv a mba 1a p ur a m b / b 3 2 8 1 8 1 2 . 7 6 6 6 0 662 4 . 0 4
38 Vi j a y a p a t h i 9 3 0 7 2 5 9 5 . 1 5 1 8 8 3 1893 3 . 5 9
8 2 Ko o da nkul a m 9023 2 6 9 6 . 9 2 2 0 0 9 2024 3 . 3 5
4 0 Er u k k a n d u r a i 3328 4 0 7 5 . 3 3 7 9 2 7 9 7 0 . 8 2
41 Ch e t t i k u l a m 8 6 3 5 7 2 8 . 4 6 1 8 2 3 1834 1 1 . 8 5
83 Le v i n j i p u r a m 1 0 5 4 4 1 9 0 0 . 4 7 2 3 1 6 2376 5 . 5 5
Di s t r i c t : Ka n n i a y a k u ma r i
Ta l u k : Ag a s t h e e s wa r a m
Vi l l a g e Naine oit Town Pec ul at i on Ar ea No. o Hous e * Dens i t y
No . h o u s e s h o l d s
12 Ne e n d a k a r a
1
B'
13 Dha r ma pur a m
a /c
b /c
c / c
a /e
b /e
c / e
d /e
e / e
14 Ma dhu s oodh a n a pur am a /h
b /h
c / h
d /h
e / h
f / h
g /h
h / b
15 Th e n g a mp u t h o o r a / e
b / e
c / e
d /e
e /e
1 4 7 9 6
1 2 3 6 5
2 9 3 2
1 3 1 1 9
1415
8 9 3
5 7 0
3 5 7 6
435
2 5 3 7
- 586
1 4 0 7
8 4 7
1 7 8 9
4 7 9 5
1 2 3 5 0
1 0 4 7 9
3 6 8 0
2 0 2 9 . 2 8
1 1 7 6 . 9 7
1 5 1 2 . 5 0
1 3 1 7 . 9 3
3 0 3 6
2546
6 3 4
26 28
257
204
1 3 0
756
81
561
123
3 1 9
1 8 3
361
918
2628
2 2 9 7
6 3 8
3036
2546
634
2 6 3 0
257
204
1 3 0
757
81
561
123
3 1 9
184
361
9 2 0
2628
2297
6 3 8
7 . 2 9
1 1 . 1 5
0 . 2 9
9 . 3 7
Ta l u k : Ag a s t h e e s wa r a m c o n t d
- 36-
X. 2. 3 .
17
19
3 0
Th a ma r a kul a m e / f -
f / f 15 71
Ag a s t e e s wa r a m a /c 8 3 0 1
b /c 4 0 7 9
Axh a g a p p a p u t a m a / b 7 6 5 1
b / b 8 4 7 2
Ka nnl y a Vc uma r l a /d 188 0
b /d 1 1 8 1
c / d 4 3 0 1
4 . 5 . 6 . ' 7 .
9 4 8 . 1 2
1 7 3 8 . 4 2
6 5 6 . 9 7
2 9 7
1856
795
1 7 5 7
1942
4 3 0
287
951
297
1864
795
1758
1 9 4 7
4 3 0
288
951
8 . 7 6
4 . 4 0
2. 86
Ka n n i y a k u ma r i
Ka l k u l a m
>
Vi l l a g e
No .
Name of Vi l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar e a No. o f
h o u s e s
Hous e -
h o l d s
De n s i t y
28 Ka d i a p a t t i nar m a /c 9457 1 9 2 5 . 9 4 1 9 1 9 2002 4 . 9 1
b/c 11354 - 2378 2404 -
c /c 12166 - 2018 2062
24 Manaval akur i chi a/b 1 0 2 6 7 1 2 1 0 . 3 5 1 9 6 7 2001 8 4 8
b/b 1 1 0 1 9 - 2263 2264 -
22 La ks hmi p ur a m a/b 1 5 6 0 7 1 3 4 4 . 2 2 3081 3081 1 1 . 6 1
b/b 7363 - 1671 1671 -
Co l a c h e l a /e 1 0 7 0 1 1 2 9 1 . 6 0 199 199 0 . 8 3
b/e 4 0 6 0 - 8 2 5 825 -
c /e 1 4 4 4 4 - 2851 2851 -
d /e 11389 - 1 9 1 7 1920 -
Co l a c h s l Town (Ur ban) 17225 3 5 0 8 . 1 5 4. 91
Di s t r i c t : Ka n n i y a k u ma r i
Ta l u k : Vi l a v a n c o d e
Vi l l a g e
No .
Name o f Vi l l a g e P o p u l a t i o n Ar *>a No . o f
h o u s e s
Hous e-
ho l ds
Density
16
17
24
23
Ko l l e n c o d e a /b
b /b
Ez hude s a m
Pa i nk ul a m
Mi dal ar n
a /b
b /b
a /b
b /b
Ke e z hni i da l a m
Ke e z hkul a nr a /b
b /b
a /c
b /c
c /c
30075
5 9 0 9
18B19
1 6 7 8 6
2 2 8 2 2
1771
16631
1 6 2 3 9
1 0 7 4 0
15334
5 4 5 1
7973
128 2 . 7 6
1 1 8 5 . 6 6
9 4 8 . 3 0
9 5 1 . 9 5
1 0 4 8 . 7 2
1 6 0 5 . 9 6
5831
1202
3600
2848
4167
333
3 2 0 0
2971
1760
2936
1055
1511
6073
1242
3618
3037
4227
341
3217
3034
1807
2972
1055
1511
2 3 . 4 5
m
1 5 . 8 7
2 4 . 0 7
1 7 . 4 7
1 5 . 4 8
9 . 5 5
Occupat i on:
The popul at i on on t he nor t her n r ange. of Tami l . Nadu
coast ar e mai nl y engaged i n har bour wor ks, oi l r ef i ner i es,
f i shi ng and i ndust r i es et c. The i ndust r i al act i vi t y
i ncl udes f er t i l i zer , engi neer i ng, t her mal power st at i on,
chemi cal s and pest i ci des and phar maceut i cal manuf act ur i ng.
Si pcot - I ndust r i al Compl ex i n Cuddal or e Tal uk of Sout h Ar cot
Di st r i ct , - Ther mal Power St at i on at Cuddal or e, I ndi an
St eel Rol l i ng Mi l l s at Nagapat t i nam, Br omi ne ext r act i on
pl ant and sal t manuf act ur i ng by Met t ur Chemi cal and
I ndust r i al Cor por at i on Li mi t ed at Vedar anyam pr ovi de
empl oyment oppor t uni t i es t o t he habi t ant s of t he coast al
ar ea as wel l as of t he hi nt er l ands. Fur t her sout h, t he
act i vi t i es of t he peopl e ar e or i ent ed t owar ds f i shi ng,
aquacul t ur e and sal t pans, shel l f i shi ng, f er t i l i ser
and chemi cal uni t s. Ther mal Power St at i on et c.
Ot her Maj or Faci l i t i es
At t he nor t her n ext r emi t y of t he Tami l Nadu
Coast , t he Pul i cat Lake i s si t uat ed whi ch i s a mi ni
f i shi ng har bour . I n Madr as ci t y coast , l i es t he Habour .
Coovum r i ver est uar y and sout h of t hi s i s t he Mar i na
Beach whi ch i .s consi der ed as t he second best beach of
t he wor l d. On t he sout h of Adyar r i ver , ar e t he
Theosophi cal Soci et y and t he f amous El l i ot s Beach. At
Mut t ukkaau, a t our i st l agoon i s l ocat ed wher e a number
of t ur t l e hat cher i es and a cr ocodi l e f ar m exi st .
Mamal 1apur am, t he f amous beach r esor t whi ch at t r act s
f or ei gner s and t our i st s f r om al l over t he count r y and
depi ct s t he ski l l and wor kmanshi p, ar chi t ect ur al st yl e
of t he ar t i sans of t he anci ent , l i es on che coast . These
scul t or s compl r i si ng of Sea Shor e Templ e, Fi ve Rat has
and ot her monument s wer e bui l t dur i ng Pal l ava per i od.
At omi c Power Pr oj ect at Kal pakkam i s an i mpor t ant
l and mar k and sout h of t hi s i s t he Ol d Dut ch set t l ement
at Sadr as. On Che sout h of Pondi cher r y i s Cuddal or e Town
wher e t her e i s por t wi t h an of f shor e anchor age and a
f i shi ng har bour . Fur t her sout h i s t he Pi chavar am
backwat er s.
The anci ent , por t of Poompuhar and t he ol d Dut ch
set t l ement of Tr anquabar ar e l ocat ed al ong t he coast .
Famous r el i gi ous cent r es l i ke Nagor e, Vel ankanni ar e
al so l ocat ed al ong t he coast wher e t her e was a maj or
por t at Nagapat t i nam sever al decades ago. Mut hupet .
sanct uar y and Vedar anyam, t he f amous t own dur i ng t he
pr e- i ndependence er a l i e on t he coast . Panban Town
has a mar i ne Bi ol ogi cal Resear ch St at i on. Al ong t he
coast ar e t he pi l gr i m t owns, Rameswar am, Ti r uchendur
and Kanni yakumar i . Sever al i sl et s and " Theevus" exi st
near Keel akar ai poi nt . Tut i cor i n Town wher e t he Ther mal
Pl ant and l ar ge number of i ndust r i es t hr onged has a
maj or por t .
The sout her n t i p or I ndi an Peni nsul ar , Cape
Comer i n i s t he pl ace wher e Bay of Bengal , I ndi an Ocean
and Ar abi an sea conver ge. Of f shor e i s t he Vi vekananda
Rock Memor i al .
C. Devel opaent Scener i o of Tami l Nadu Coast
Coast al Er osi on
Thi s par t of t he coast has been per haps t he most
act i ve i n I ndi a. Anci ent Tami l l i t er at ur e r epeat edl y
r ef er s t o t wo ci vi l i sat i ons whi ch wer e washed out by
t he sea bef or e t he t hi r d Madur ai Sangay was est abl i shed
at t he pr esent ' l ocat i on. Si nce snat ches of wor ks
speci f i cal l y composed i n t he ear l i er Sang air. er a ar e
ext i nct , Caer e sust be some hi st or i cal t r ut h i n t hi s
sea i nt r usi on t hough no ar chaeol ogi cal evi dence has
sur f aced so t ar . Sea coast was a di st i nct and. wel l
popul at ed habi t at i n t he ear l i er per i ud and I s
speci f i cal l y r ef er r ed t.o i n l aai i l l i t er at ur e f r om pr e-
Chr i s t i an er a as ' Nei t hal
1
.
Ar chaeol ogi cal 1y t he mai n si gni f i cant poi nt s
al on^ t he coast ar e Mama! 3 apur am 40 Km. sout h of Madr as
and Poompuhar , t he l egendar y por t i n Thanj avur coast
near Cauver y out f al l .
Ser i ous er osi on pr obl ems occur at a number of
pi act=-- al ong t he coast , accent uat ed by a man made
s t r uct ur es . A si gni f i cant ar ea i s nor t h of Madr as
har bour at. Kasi made- Ennor e st r et ch.
Por t s and Har bour s
Maj or Por t s and Har bour
The sea por t s pl ay a maj or r ol e i n pr omot i ng
nat i onal and i nt er nat i onal t r ade by gener at i ng commer ci al
and - I ndust r i al act i vi t i es, whi ch di r ect l y cont r i but e t o
t he economi c pr ogr ess of t he count r y. The t wo maj or
port: : - j ocat ed al ong t he coast of Tami l Nadu ar e ( i ^Madr as
and i ) Tut . i cor i n. A sat el l i t e por t i n Ennor e, nor t h
of Mui r as, f or handl i ng coal t r af f i c i nt ended f or t he
nort. i t, Madr as Ther mal Power St at i on. The St at e has t wo
i nt er medi at e por t s vi z. , Cuddal or e and Nagapat t i nam and
sever s .ai nor por t s vi z. , Rameswar am, Pamban, Thondi ,
Ki l a k: -. rai , Val 1i nokam, Kannyakumar i and Col achel . Al l
t he i nt er medi at e and mi nor por t s most l y ser ve t he needs
of r ur - J ar eas cl ose t o t he coast and pr ovi de empl oyment
pot e. r . i al t hr ough t hei r devel opment al act i vi t i es.
Pol 1ut i on
The l ocat i on of t he set t l ement s al ong t he coast
have ' \ ei r maj or i mpact , on t he envi r onment due t o t nei r
pr es s ur e on t he sea- coast and pol l ut i on due t o sewage,
sul 1 f c and i ndust r i al ef f l uent s. The i mpact i s bei ng
moni t or ed by Tami l Nadu Pol l ut i on Cont r ol Boar d. The
s t r ea m of t he coast nor t h of Madr as i s a\ *o most sever e!
af f ect ed by I ndust r i al act i vi t y. Besi des chemi cal and
t her mal pol l ut i on of wat er , ai r bor ne par t i cul at e l oad
i s al so hi gh i n t hi s segment . As such t hi s st r et ch
get s cl ose at t ent i on f r om t he Tami l Nadu Pol l ut i on
Cont r ol Boar d. The human set t l ement s ar e al so i mposi ng
a l oad of bui l t envi r onment and ecol ogi cal pr essur e on
t he coast . Thi s i s ought t o be cont r ol l ed t hr ough l and use
pl anni ng and r egul at or y l egi sl at i ons.
The pr essur e of Tour i sm al so t hr eat ens haphazar d
and uncont r ol l ed expl oi t at i on of t he l i t t er at e. The
mai n pr essur es ar e bei ng f el t on t he Madr as, Mama! 1apur am,
Pondi cher r y- Cuddal or e, Tut i cor i n, Rameswar am and Cape-
Comer i n Coast s.
The mai n sour ce of pol l ut i on al ong t he Tami l Nadu
Coast ar e:
i ) Mar i ne f al l out of sewage and i ndust r i al wast e;
i i ) Ri ver i ne di schar ges f r om cont ami nat ed r i ver s;
i i i ) Ther mal di schar ges f r om power st at i on, cool i ng
wat er s;
i v) Oi l spi l l ages f r om t anker s, t anker washi ngs and
of f shor e pl at f or ms;
v;)i Deposi t i on of ai r bor ne pol l ut ent s.
Aquacul t ur e:
The devel opment of coast al aquacul t ur e consi st s
of est abl i shi ng aquacul t ur e f ar ms wi t h hi gh per i pher y
bunds whi ch pr ot ect bot h t he f ar m and t he l and behi nd
t he f ar m. The Tami l Nadu St at e has good pot ent i al f or
coast al aquacul t ur e especi al l y f or di ver si f i ed br acki sh
wat er aquacul t ur e al ong t he coast - bel t .
Besi des t he pr awns of cop. merci . al i mpor t ance, a
number of f i nf i sh of cul t ur al val ues ar e avai l abl e,
not abl y t he i si l k f i sh, t he seeds of whi ch ar e avai l abl e
i n adequat e quant i t y near gul f of Mannar and Pal k- Bay
ar eas - The coast al bel t . i s al so hi gh i n i t s r esour ces
of pe. ar . y oyst er s ari d sea cucumber besi des ot her s of
c omnei r al val ue. The cor al r eef f i shes can be good
s our ce f or f i sher y or or nament al val ue or i ent ed t owar ds
expor t ! ar ket .
Sea- t ur t i es, Cr abs, Eel s, Mussel s and sea weeds
ar e s- o = of t he speci es whi ch show pr omi se f or cul t ur e
and a. av ai l abl e al ong Tami l Nadu Coast . The coast al
ar ea or. Tami l Nadu f r om PuJ i cat . t o Mandapam suppor t , a
r i ch _' D f ossi l deposi t of shel l s whi ch ar e mi ne
r egul ev ; y f or maki ng l i me.
The ar eas compr i si ng i n Pamban- Ki l akar ai st r et ch
i n Che ul f of Mannar have t he r i chest sea- weed r esour ces
i n t hi e count r y and i t. i s est i mat ed t hat , a t ot al of
2432 it or . nes of sea- weeds have been har vest ed bet ween
1966- t c. I n addi t i on sea- gr ass have occur r ed i n t hese
areas- . . .
The l eadi ng i nst i t ut i on l i ke t he Cent r al Mar i ne
f i s her i es Resear ch I nst i t ut e ana t he Cent r al I nst i t ut e
of Br acki s h wat er aquacul t ur e ar e doi ng pi oneer i ng wor k
i n devel opi ng aquacul t ur e besi des t he St at e Fi sher i es
Depar t ment , under t aki ng a number of r esear ch act i vi t i es
i n var i cus aspect s of f i sher i es.
The coast al ar eas of Tami l
of i n. t e- . se agr i cul t ur al and f i shi ng
i n dust , ri al devel opmer. t. .
Nadu ar e t he scenes
act i vi t i es and
z u a x d v i i a
(if
r
i tei i p
ti l 1 W
v W ^ !
nl :
' ' '
A' Sl s^ff
i i l i
-
. ; '
CHAPTER 2
A. Base Maps f or t he Pr epar at i on of CZM PI an of Tami l Nadu
The exi st i ng r el i abl e maps of t he coast al ar eas
ar e basi cal l y of t wo t ypes; t he Sur vey of I ndi a t opo-
gr aphi c maps i n 1: 50000 scal e and t he cadast r al or
vi l l age maps of 1: 3960, 1: 782 or 1: 1500 scal e. The
vi l l age maps do not cont ai n t he t er r ai n, r esour ce or
asset s i nf or mat i on. The vi l l age maps, wi t h due r ef er ence
t o t he t opo sheet s, have been used ear l i er t o cl assi f y
t he CRZ I , I I and I I I Zone of t he Coast . However ,
Gover nment of I ndi a have i nst r uct ed t o use 1: 25, 000 scal e
maps wi t h Low Ti de Li ne, Hi gh Ti de Li ne mar ked t her ei n.
The maps ar e not r eady wi t h Chi ef Hyar ogr apher , Dehr adun.
The I nst i t ut e of Remot e Sensi ng, Anna Uni ver si t y
has pr epar ed Coast al Zone Maps i n t he scal e of 1: 25, 000,
f or t he Space Appl i cat i on Cent r e, Ahsedabad. The above
maps have been obt ai ned f r om t he I nst i t ut e of Remot e
Sensi ng f or pr epar i ng t he Coast al Zone Management Pl ans.
L . Coast al Wat er bodi es:
The i nst i t ut e of Remot e Sensi ng, has mar ked al l
t he wat er bodi es i ncl udi ng sal t pans and sal t ' mar shes
and have mar ked t he 500 m. l i ne al ong t hese wat er bodi es
al so.
For t he pur pose of r egul at i on, t he not i f i cat i on
says " t he di st ance f r om t he Hi gh Ti de Li ne shal l appl y
t o bot h si des i n t he case of r i ver s, cr eeks and back-
wat er s and say be modi f i ed on a case by case basi s f or
r easons t o be r ecor ded whi l e pr epar i ng t he Coast al
Management Pl ans. However , t hi s di st ance shal l noc
be l ess t han 100 met r es or t he wi dt h of t he cr eek, r i ver
or backwat er whi ch ever i s l ess. The di st ance upt o
whi ch devel opment . al ong r i ver s, cr eeks and backwat er s
i s t o be r egul at ed shal l be gover ned by t he di st ance
upt o whi ch t he t i dal ef f ect of sea i s exper i enced i n
r i ver s , cr eeks, or back wat er s, as t he case may be ari d
shoul ccs be cl ear l y i de nt i f i e d i n t he Coast al Zone Management
PI ans
The I nst i t ut e of R, ;i Ot.e Sensi ng, have i ndi cat ed
i n t i vel r maps t he wat er bodi es and t he 500 m. l i ne and
i t i s not known, whet her t i dal ef f ect , has been consi der ed
i n deci di ng t he di st ance. I t appear s t o be on t he hi gher
si de, as i n some pl aces, i t. ext ends even 10 t o 15 KM
i nsi de: . Thi s however has been adopt ed as such, pendi ng
avai l abi l i t y of Hvdr cgr aphi c maps f r om Chi ef Hydr ogr apher
t o t he Gover nment of I ndi a. Accor di ng t o t he Not i f i cat i on,
t he Regul at i on Zone can ext end upt o 500 M. f r om t he
Hi gh Ti de Li ne even i n t he case of wat er bodi es. Thi s
wi l l cause di f f i cul t y i n case of bui l t , up ar eas. The
backwvci t . er i s onl y an - associ at ed f et ur e and i s not pr one
t o er os i on. Hence a " esser r egul at i on zone of 100 M.
i s pr opos ed f or t he wat er bodi es. Thi s has been expl ai ned
i n des cr i bi ng sheet wi se det ai l s.
B^ Cat egor i s at i on of t he CRZ
Accor di ng t o t he Not i f i cat i on, t he CRZ has been
cat egor i s ed i nt o f our cl asses. Si nce Cat egor y I V deal s
wi t h Andaman and Ni cobar , Lakshdeep and smal l i sl ands,
i t i i > not consi der ed f or Tami l Nadu.
Cat egor y I ( CRZ 1)
Ent i r e ar ea bet ween l ow t i de l i ne and hi gh
t i de i i ne st r et chi ng al l al ong t he Tami l Nadu coast ,
comes . mder t hi s cat egor y. I n addi t i on, t her e ar e
ecol o i ' eal 1 y sensi t i ve and ot her i mpor t ant not i f i ed ar eas
co mi n. - under t hi s cat egor y. The f ol l owi ng ar eas co~e
undi er t hi s cat egor y:
i ) Mangr oves
i t "i Mar i ne par ks
i i i J Ar eas of out st andi ng nat ur al beaut y
i v* > Hi st or i cal / her i t age ar eas
v 'i Ar eas r i ch i n genet i c di ver si t y
vi ? Ar eas l i kel y t o be i nundat ed due t o r i se i n sea
l evel consequent upon gl obal war ni ng.
vi i i Any ot her ar eas as may be decl ar ed by t he St at e/
Cent r al Gover nment f r om t i me t o t i me.
Mangr oves
The - . ost i mpor t ant , mangr ove f or est s ar e l ocat ed
at Pi chavar ar i n Sout h Ar cot Di st r i ct , and Mut hupet . i n
Thavt j avur Di st r i ct . Smal l er pocket s al so occur i n
Ranr unat hapur =- Di st r i ct al so. Al l t hese mangr ove
f or es t s have been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I .
Mar i ne Par k
The gr oup of 20 i sl ands al ong t he Gul f of Mannar
have: been const i t ut ed as a Nat i onal mar i ne Par k. Al l
t he^e i sl ands have been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I .
The Mut hupet Reser ved For est , t he Vedar anyaa
Swa' i J , al l i n Thanj avur Di st r i ct , known t or i t s i nt er -
nat i onal l y f a- . ous wat er f owl sanct uar y, has been cl assi f i ed
as CRZ I .
Ar eas of out st andi ng nat ur al beaut y
The Ful i car l ake under t hi s cat egor y has been
cl a f i ed as CRZ I .
Hi st or i cal / Her i t age Ar eas
The Gover nment , of Tami ] Nadu has not i f i ed t he
f ol l owi ng t owns as her i t age t owns. Det ai l ed her i t age
t owns ar e bei ng pr epar ed f or t hese ar eas.
i ) Mamal 1apur am
i i ) Poompuhar
i i i ) Thar angambadi
i v) Nagor e
v) Vel ankanni
vi ) Rameswar am
vi i ) Ti r uchendur
vi i i ) Kanyakumar i .
Out of t hese Thar angambadi and Vel ankanni , whi ch
ar e spar sel y bui l t have been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I . The
ot her t owns ar e t our i st cent r es and ar e bui l t cl ose t o
t he shor e and ar e ur ban cent r es as per Census. Mamal 1apur a
and Poompuhar have been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I whi l e
i n r espect of ot her t owns, t he bui l t up ar ea al one has
been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I .
The ar eas cl ose t o t he l agoons, sal t mar shes et c.
whi ch ao not have any set t l ement s has al so been mar ked
as CRZ I .
Cat egor y I I ( CRZ I I )
Accor di ng t o t he not i f i cat i on al l t he devel oped
ar ea wi t hi n t he Muni ci pal i t i es/ Cor por at i ons or ot her
l egal l y desi gnat ed ur ban ar eas whi ch have been subst ant i al
bui l t up and whi ch have been pr ovi ded wi t h dr ai nage and
appr oach r oads and ot her i nf r ast r uct ur al f aci l i t i es such
as wat er suppl y and sewer age comes under t hi s cat egor y.
i Apar t , f r om Madr as Met r opol i t an Ar ea, t her e ar e
f our Muni ci pal Towns, namel y Cuddal or e, Nagapat t i nam,
Tut i cor i n and Col ache! and t hr ee i mpor t ant , t our i st /
pi l gr i m cent r es vi z. Rameswar an, Ti r uchendur and
Kanyakumar i ( al l Town Panchayat s and Ur ban Towns as per
Census cl assi f i cat i on) and t wo i mpor t ant ur ban set t l ement s
vi z. Thondai and Mandapam. I n t hese t owns, t he ar eas
wher e t her e i s i nt ense devel opment and wher e i nf r ast r uct ur al
f aci l i t i es ar e avai l abl e. The bui l t ar eas have been
cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I . The r el t i vel y undevel oped ar ea
"has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I .
Cat egor y I I I ( CRZ I I I )
Ar eas t hat ar e r el at i vel y undi st ur bed and t hose
whi cn do not bel ong t o ei t her cat egor y I or I I i s
cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I .
The ent i r e coast al st r et ch cont ai ns 30 sheet s
( excl udi ng Madr as Met r opol i t an Ar ea) and l ar ge si ze
maps i n t he scal e of 1: 25, 000 has been pr epar ed. However
r educed si ze maps ar e at t ached t o t hi s r epor t .

e u a i d V H A
Chapt er 3
STRETCH 3 PULI CAT LAKE TO HMDA BOUNDARY
Tbi ! s st r et ch ext ends f r om Andhr a St at e on Nor t h t o
MMDA boundar y t o t he Sout h cover i ng a di st ance of 22 KM.
The ent i r e st r et ch ] i es i n Chengai MGR Di st r i ct . Except
Pu] i cat , t her e i s no ot her ur ban set t l ement i n t hi s st r et ch.
Pbi y si ogr aphy
St: r et ch I consi st s of sandy beaches wi t h beach sands
and i t ext ends over a wi dt h of 500 mt s. f r om t he coast ] i ne
and t he t sandy beach r i ses up above t he mean sea ] eve] upt o
7 mt s.
Geo] ogy
Tbi e mai n geol ogi cal f or mat i ons occur i ng i n t he
ar ea ar e or Upper Gondwanas ' Sandst ones and shal es) and
quar t er nai r y ( sand, si l t and cl ay) i n age, under l ai n by
Ar chean cr ys t al l i ne r ocks ( Char noki t e)
Ge' - oni orpho] ogy
Thus ar ea i s a vast coast al pl ai n over a wi dt h of
5 Km. f r om Pul i cat . l ake ( an encl osed anci ent , bay) i n
t he nor t h) t o Pudupat t i nam i n r.' ne sout h. Thr ee s t r a nG
l i nes, wi > n i nt er veni ng br oad t i dal f l at s occur i n t he
coast al pl ai ns . Lagoons, Mangr ove swamps, Sal t mar shes,
Est uar i es Cr eeks, Bar r i er dunes, Spi t s and Beach
t er r aces r epr esent t he mar i ne 1 andf or ms. The coast , l i ne
i s mai nl y
;
' . ccret i onar y wi t h not i ceabl e er ot i onal ef f ect
at. pl aces especi al l y near Ennor e, Devel opment of of f snor e
bar s and =ho) as i s obser ved near Ennor e and Pul i cat vi l l ages.
I mpor t ant Land Mar ks
Pul i cat. Lake
Ecol ogi cal l y t he Tami l Nadu par t of t he Pul i cat. l ake
i s i mpor t ant si nce i t has t he onl y openi ng of t he l ake
i nt o t he sea t hus f unct i oni ng as a mi gr at or y r out e of t he
spawni ng and est uar i ne ani mal s l i ke pr awn, f i sh and
mudcr ab 600 ha. semi - sal i ne ar eas avai l abl e i n Pazhaver adu
An dar madam and Thangal per unkul am. The mudf l at s of Pul i cat
l ake har bour a number of wi nt er mi gr at or y bi r ds.
Ennor e Cr eek
Bei ng a mi gr at or y r out e f or many mar i ne ani mal s,
t hi s f unct i ons as a seed pr oduct i on cent r e f or aquacul t ur e.
A heavy gr owt h of gr een mussel and oyest . er s ar e seen
i n t hi s ar ea. Raf t cul t ur e of gr een mussel and oyest . er s
can be encour aged her e.
Cooum and Bucki ngham Canal
Pr esent l y bot h t hese r i ver s ar e f i l l ed wi t h sl udge
and t her e i s no ci r cul at i on of wat er i n bot h.
Thi s st r et ch cont ai ns 2 sheet s and t hese ar e
expl ai ned her eunder .
Sheet No. 1
The ar ea abut s Pul i cat 1ake and ext ends over a
st r et ch of about 16 km. t owar ds west f r om t he sea. The
Kor at l ayor r i ver j oi ns t he ar ea at t he st r et ch and number
of l agoons i nt er per se t hi s ar ea. The ent i r e st r et ch has
been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I except t he Pul i cat set t l ement .
Thi s set t l ement has a popul at i on of about 10. 000 and i s
conneact ed by Bus ser vi ce. Thi s set t l ement by vi r t ue
of i t s l ocot i on i n t he mi dst of backwat er s has come
i n coast al r egul at i on zone. As f i xi ng of 500M
f r om backwat er s woul d r esul t i n t he ent i r e set t l ement
uei nj i af f ect ed, t hi s has been r est r i ct ed t o 100M
f r om ; : he wat er l i ne and i t has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I .
Sheet - No. 2
Tkvr! ent i r e coast l i ne consi st s of sal t mash and
henct ? has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I .
STRETCH 2 MMDA BOUNDARY TO PALAR RI VER BOUNDARY
Locat i on
The St r et ch 2 of Tami l Nadu Coast begi ns f r om t he
Madr as Met r opol i t an Ar ea boundar y and ends wi t h t he
Pal ar r i ver boundar y and i s 55 KM l ong. Mamal l apur am
Shor e Templ e and Kal pakkam Ther mal St at i on ar e l ocat ed
i n t hi s St r et ch. The ent i r e st r et ch l i es wi t hi n Chengai
UGR Di st r i ct
Physi ogr aphy
Thi s st r et ch has t he same geomor phi c f eat ur es as
t hat of St r et ch 1, t hat , i s, t he sandy beach wi t h beach
sands; but. i t r i ses sl i ght l y hi gher i n t hi s st r et ch t han
i n t he St r et ch 1.
Geol ogy
The Geol ogi cal f or mat i ons ar e Beach sands of
Quar t er nar y and r ecent per i ods, Cuddal or e sandst one of
i i i o- pl i ocene age, shal es and sandst ones of Upper Gondwanas
and Char noki t s of Ar chaean er a ( i n t he west er n par t of
t hi s coast al st r et ch) .
Geomor phol ogy
The ar ea i s a vast coast al pl ai n char act er i sed by
sever al st r and l i nes ( var yi ng i n el evat i on f r oa 5m t o t he
ean sea l evel ) , l agoon, sal t mar shes. ,
;
est uar i es, cr eeks
car r i er dunes, spi t s, beach t er r aces ( r angi ng i n el eva-
t i on f r o* 4- 12n: ) et c.
The Pal ar r i ver debouches i nt o t he Bay of Bengal
wi t hout a f l uvi o- oar i ne del t a and t he r eason bei ng gi aci o
t ect onoeust at i c changes i n t he sea l evel dur i ng pi ei scene
anu hol ocene per i ods.
I mpor t ant 1and Mar ks
Mama! 1 apur am
Thi s i s a pl ace of ar chi t ect ur al i nt er est and an
i mpor t ant t our i st cent r e. The shor e t empl e, monol i t hi c
Char i ot - known as ' Fi ve Rat has' , ' Ar j unas' , ' Penance' ,
' The Kr i s hna l i andapam' , ' Mahi sasur a Mandapam' , ' The
El ephant ' et c. , ar e al l magni f i ci ent pi eces of scul pt ur e.
The pl ace i s al so known as Seven Pagodas and al ong wi t h
Ui e s es shor e and i t s t empl e pr ovi de a beaut i f ul pi cni c
spot aboundi ng i n nat ur al beaut y. A t r ai ni ng cent r e f or
s cul pt ur e has been set up by t he Gover nment her e and
s t udent s ar e r ecr ui t ed f or t r ai ni ng. Number of Hol i day
Res or t s bot h by Gover nment and Pr i vat e has come al ong t hi
st r et ch-
The st r et ch cont ai ns t hr ee sheet . sand sheet wi se
det ai l s i r e gi ven her eunder .
Sheet L\ ' o. 3
Thi s sheet comes wi t hi n MMDA.
Sheet ^u. 4
The vi l l ages comi ng on t he East of Bucki ngham canal
i s i ncl uded i n t he Madr as Met r opol i t an ar ea. The ar ea
west oi l Bucki ngham canal i s i ncl uded i n t he Mamal 1 apur am
Loca3 Pl anni ng Ar ea. Thi s has been mar ked as Coast al
Regul at i on Zone, because of t he Pal 1i kar anai Swamp. As
ol d >:&r. :al 1 apur am Road passes t hr ough t hi s st r et ch, whi ch
i s wi t nes s i ng r api d devel opment due t o r est r i ct i on on
t he x:,n..T* Coast r oad, f i xi ng of 500M as r egul at or y zone
f r ok t oe wat er l i ne may hi nder devel opment . The r egul a-
t cr > o st ance i s r est r i ct ed t o LOOM and t he ar ea has been
cl dt>si i i :vrfd as CRZ I I I .
- 54-
SheeU so. 5
The Mamal 1 apur am Townshi p ar ea comes i n t hi s sheet
and y.- i rt i n sneet . No. 4. Thougn t he Bucki ngham Canal
does i ot j oi n t he sea, t her e has been sal t mar sh on t he
west <c; Bucki ngham Canal . As i t i s a t our i st pl ace,
Numbe
r
of Hoi i uay Resor t s have come up bot h by pr i vat e
and publ i c t our i sm agenci es. The di st ance f r om t he Mar sh
l and : b e e n r est r i ct ed t o 1G0M as l i t t l e ar ea woul d
be av/ : >- 3abl e f or devel opment , of 500M i s t o t he l ef t of
t he s- i i t mar sh. The ent i r e bel t has been cl assi f i ed as
CRZ 1 ' j . except f or t he sout her n por t i on cover ed by
Pal ar - Est uar y whi ch has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I .
STRETCH 3 PALAR RI VER BOUNDARY TO PI TCHAVARAM
Locat i on
St r et ch 3 begi ns f r om Pal ar est uar y and ends wi t h
Pi t chavar am Mangr ove ext endi ng t o about 90 KM.
Cuddal or e^Por t and t he Mangr ove For est at Pi t chava-
r am ar e t he i mpor t ant pl aces l ocat ed i n t hi s st r et ch.
Thi s st r et ch i ncl udes par t of Chengal pat t u- MGR Di st r i ct
and Sout h Ar cot Di st r i ct .
Physi ogr aphy
Thi s st r et ch has sandy beaches wi t h beach sands i n
i t s nor t her n par t , but i n t he sout her n par t , not onl y
t he beach sands ar e absent , but al so t he r el i ef i s mor e
upt o l OOmt s. Ther e ar e spot hei ght s upt o 54 mt s. nor t h
of Pondi cher r y. The Pi t chavar am swamps wi t h mangr ove
f or est s i s a t ypi cal geomor phi c f eat ur e i n t hi s st r et ch.
The geol ogi cal f or mat i ons of t he coast al r egi on of
Tami l Nadu i ncl ude t he Upper Gondwanas and Cr et aceous
f or mat i ons over l yi ng unconf or mabl y t he Ar chaear / cr yst al 1 i r. e
r ocks. The Cr et aceous ar e i n t ur n over l ai n by t he Mi o-
pl i ocene f or mat i ons ( Cuddal or e sandst ones. The al l uvi um
and 1at er i t e or Pl ei st ocene and r ecent ages over l i e
t hese f or mat i ons.
Geomor phol ogy
Maj or geomor phi c f eat ur es of t he coast al t r act of
Tami l Nadu consi st s of an Upl and pl ai n i Fl uvi o- er osi onal
1
Fl oor Pl ai n ( F! uvi o- deposi t i onal ) , del t ai c pl ai n
( F1uvi o- Mar i ne) and coast al pl an ( Mar i ne) . The ar ea
f or ms par r of Pal ar , Vel l ar , Cauver y, dr ai nage basi ns.
I mpor t ant LandMar ks
Cuddal or e Town
Cuddal or e i s t he headquar t er s of Cuddal or e Tal uk
and Sout h Ar cot Di st r i ct . The t own can be di vi ded i nt o
f our par t s vi z. Cuddal or e Ol d Town, Cuddal or e New Town
or Ti r uppapul i yur on t he Sout h Bank of Gadi l am r i ver ,
Manj akuppam, . t he of f i ci al cent r e wher e publ i c of f i ces
ar e si t uat ed and For t St . Davi d on t he nor t h of r i ver
Gadi l am. Cuddal or e Ol d Town i s an i mpor t ant r i ver por t
and a Commer ci al cent r e. I n Ti r uppapul i yur , t her e i s an
ol d Si va Templ e dedi cat ed t o Lor d Pat al eeswar ar whi ch i s
r ef er r ed t o i n t he Thevar ams . The Br ahmot savam f est i val
i n t hi s t empl e i s l ar gest at t ended by peopl e f r om
adj - oi ni ng t owns.
Por t o- Novo
Thi s pi ace i s ot her wi se known as Par angi pet t ai
si t uat ed on t he nor t h bank of Mout h of . Vei l ar The
Por t uguese wer e t he ear l i er Eur opean set t ! er s of t he
pi ace f r om whom i t passed i nt o t he possessi on of t he Dut ch
The Dut ch f i nal l y handed i t over t o t he Engl i sh i n 1824.
Thi s t own has a l ar ge musl i m popul at i onengaged most l y i n
sea t r ade. Tombs of sever al musl i m sai nt s wer e si t uat ed
i n t hi s pl ace, most i mpor t ant among t hem bei ng t he dongas
of Sai nt Mal emi yar , Ar ai kasu Nachi ar , Hazi z Mi r sahi b and
Sai yed Sahab.
Ther e ar e si x sheet s i n t he st r et ch and det ai ] s ar e
expl af - Ti ed her eunder .
Sheet No. 6
The ent i r e st r et ch i s cover ed by l agoons and sal t
mar s hes . Ther e ar e t wo exi st i ng set t l ement s vi z.
Mugai yur and Per unt hur uvu. Thes e t wo set t l ement s ar e
cl as s i f i ed as CRZ I I I and r est of t he ar ea i s cl assi f i ed
as CRZ 1.
Sheet I Mo. 7
Thi s i s cont i nuat i on of t he ear l i er st r et ch and t he
physi cal f eat ur es ar e i dent i cal . The exi st i ng set t l ement
Vi l ] i vakkam i s cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I whi l e r est of t he
ar ea i s cl assi f i ed as CRZ I .
Sheet No. 8
Thi s i s a coast al pl ai n al ong t he . coast, and consi st
of r ur al habi t at i on. Thi s st r et ch has been cl assi f i ed as
CRZ I I I . Ther e i s a l agoon on t he west and t he 500M
di s t ance has been mar ked f or t he l agoon. Thi s has been
cl as s i f i ed as CRZ I .
Sheet No. 9
The Nor t her n por t i on of t he ar ea i s cover ed by
1 agoor i i : and hence cl assi f i ed as CRZ I . Maj or por t i on i s
occupi ed by Pondi cher r y st at e.
Sheet No. 10
The Nor t her n por t i on of t he ar ea i s s coast al pl ai n
cons i s t i ng of r ur al habi t at i on and hence hai been
cl as s i f i ed as CRZ I I I . The ol d por t t own of Cuddal or e
havi ? a popul at i on of about . 2 l akhs i s l ocat ed on t he
- 58-
sout - h. The t own i s bui l t cl ose t o t he sea and t he ar ea
i s t he ol dest par t . of t he t own. I t i s t hi ckl y bui l t up
ar ea. The di st ance t r om t he r i ver s has been r est r i ct ed
t o 1Q0M. The ent i r e bui l t up ar ea has been cl assi f i ed
as CRZ I I .
Sheet No. 11
Nor t her n por t i on i s a coast al pl ai n havi ng r ur al
set t l ement s and t he same has been mar ked as CRZ I I I , t he
ar ea sout h of Vel l ar i s a mangr ove f or est ( Pi t chavar am)
and hence has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I . The Por t Nova
an ol dest Town havi ng a pr edor ei nent musl i ra popul at i on
havi ng t he 1 i vel yhood on f i shi ng and ot her coast al
act i vi t i es i s l ocat ed, j ust on t he nor t h of t he Vel l ar
r i ver . Thi s has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I and t he
di st ance f r om wat er ! i ne i s r est r i ct ed t o 100M.
STRETCH 4 PI TCHAVARAM TO PERAVURANI
The st r et ch st ar t s f r om Si r ka] i and ends wi t h
Per avur ani . The st r et chcvoer s Thanj avur Di st r i ct ,
Pudukkot i ai Di st r i ct and Nagapat t i nam Quai d- E- Mi ] ] et h
Di st r i ct . Tal uks of Si r ka] i , Myi ] adut hur ai , t he east er n
por t i ons of Nanni l am, Nagapat t i nam, Thi r ut hur ai poondi ,
Pat t ukkor t ai and Per avur ani come under coast al i nf l uence.
The l engt h of t hi s st r et ch i s est i mat ed t o be ar ound 280KM
whi ch i ncl udes Pudukkot t ai di st r i ct al so. Thanj avur di st r i ct
uas been t r adi t i onal l y havi ng agr ar i an economy and a l ar ge
number of peopl e depend l ar gel y on agr i cul t ur e. Sal t
pr oduct i on and f i sher i es ar e t wo i mpor t ant aci vi t i es
i n t he coast al ar ea of t he di st r i ct . Of l at e, oi l expl or a-
t i on has been t aken up as a maj or act i vi t y i n t hi s st r et ch
wi t h Oi l and Nat ur al Gas bei ng ext r act ed bot h of f - shor e
as wel l as On- shor e. Al ong t he coast t her e i s al so dense
f or est ar ea hel pi ng t o mai nt ai n ecol ogi cal syst em. The
Veaar anyam Swamp ar ea has been t r adi t i onal l y a bi r d sanct uar y
wi t h l ar ge number of Si ber i an bi r ds mi gr at i ng t o t hi s
swamp dur i ng cer t ai n seasons. Sal t i ndust r y par t i cul ar l y
i n t he Vedar anyam swamp ar ea has been devel oped and 3 l ar ge
s c a j e uni t s , 2 i n t he pr i vat e sect or and 1 i n t he publ i c
sect or have been manuf act ur i ng sal t f r om sea wat er t hr ough
sol ar evapor at i on.
Physi ogr aphy
Thi s st r et ch consi st s of a nar r ow r egi on ( 100 mt s.
or l ess- of sandy beach al ong t he coast i n t he del t a r egi ons
of Cauver y r i ver . Ther e ar e sal t pans near Thi r umul 1 ai vasal
and Tha - - j r . gambadi . I n t he Sout h, t her e i s t he pr oni . nent
Vedar an ?, Swampy r egi on wi t h mangr ove f or est . The sout her n
boundar > of t hi s st r et ch i s mar ked by t he change i n t he
coast 1 " ne f r om tl i e Nor t h Sout h t o East West di r ect i on f r oa
poi nt C^i i mer e t o Raj amadam.
Geo! ogy
The coast al sands of r ecent age over ! i e t he
Ter t i ar y r ocks. No ot her r ock except i ng t he r ecent
ones i s exposed i n t hi s st r et ch.
Geomor phol ogy
The Geomor phi c f eat ur es obser ved i n t hi s st r et ch
ar e sub aeri - al del t a (F1 uvi o- mar i ne) , st r and pl ai ns,
cr evasses, chenni er s and cuspat e bar s, est uar i es and
swamps. A l ar ge par t of t he del t a i s occupi ed by i nt er
di st r i but or y f l ood basi ns compr i si ng br own and r eddi sh
gr ey si l t y cl ay and f i ne sands.
The st r and pl ai n i s compar at i vel y a hi gh r el i ef pl ai n
wi t h el evat i on var yi ng f r om 6- 10 m above mean sea l evel .
The wi dt h of t hi s pl ai n i ncr eases f r om 3m i n t he Nor t h t o
8km. i n t he Sout h. The r el i ef of t hi s pl ai n i s br oken
by est uar i es, l agoons and cr eeks at some pl aces Nor t h and
Sout h of Nagapat t i nam.
The coast l i ne of Nagapat t i nam, Quai d- E- Mi l 1 et h
Di st r i ct i s st r ai ght ened by Sout h bound l ong shor e cur r ent s
f r om t he Kol 1i dar a r i ver mout h t o poi nt Cal i mer e, Fr om
Poi nt Cal i mer e t o f ur t her Sout h, t he coast l i ne f or ms a bay.
I mpor t ant Land mar ks
Thi s st r et ch i s f amous f or a f ew Musl i m shr i nes whi ch
ar e t hr onged by t housands of deovt ees vi z. , Sai nt
Shei kh Al l auddi n Sahi b ent ombed and l ocat ed at Adi r amapat t i nam
dar gas at Sambavanodai and Nagoor .
The st r et ch i s al so f amous f or Chr i st i an Pi l gr i m
c ent r es i n Vai l ankanni l ocat ed si x mi l es Sout h of
Nagap. at t i nam whi ch al so mai nt ai ns a museum of r ar e col l ec-
t i ons of ' Our Lady of Heal t h' . The Chur ch i s al so
an i m. uor t . ant t our i st pl ace.
The i mpor t ant Hi ndu Templ e i s Sr i Vedar anyasamy
Tempi Poi nt Cal i mer e i s an i mpor t ant t our i st pl ace
and a heaven f or bi r d wat cher s and t he sanct uar y i s
not eci i f or i t s bl ack bucks, spot t ed deer , wi l d pi g, wi l d
por i e' . s . A bat h i n t he sea at Kodi kkar ai , a sacr ed pl ace
near by, i s consi der ed hol y. Mandi a por t i s l ocat ed i n
t he vi l l age of Set hubaba Chat t i r am on t he east er n
coas t 16 kms of Per avur ani . The f or t f aci ng t he Bay of
Benga. i s an ei ght st or i ed Vi ct or y Tower of 30M. hi gh
bui l t up by t he Mahar aj a Sar f oj i has st eps i n a ci r cul ar
way Vv' hl ch l ook enchant i ng. Kaver i poompat t i nam was one
of th. e chi ef ci t i es and sea por t of t he Choi a Ki ngdom.
The Or i gi nal ci t y por t was submer ged and now i t has a
s acr ed bat hi ng pl ace bei ng t he conf l uence of r i ver
Cauve- r y wi t h t he sea.
Thi s st r et ch cont ai ns 7 sheet s and det ai l s ar e
expl ai ned her eunder .
Sheet ]:<o. 12
The Mangr ove f or est of Pi t chavar am ext ends t o some
ext er n! on t hi s por t i on al so. Col er on r i ver dr ai ns i n
t hi s <vea. The nor t her n por t i on compr i si ng t he mangr oves
i s cl as s i f i ed as CRZ I . The ot her coast al bel t i s
devoi d*. of any sensi t i ve ar ea and hence has been
cl as s i f i ed as CRZ I I I .
Sheet No. 13
Thi s ar ea i s a cont i nuat i on t o t he above and cauver y
and manj avat t al r i ver s dr ai ns t hi s ar ea. These r i ver s
whi ch i r r i gat es l ar ge t r ack of l ands i n Thanj avur Di st r i ct
di schar ges l i t t l e i nt o t he sea, except per haps dur i ng t he
f l oods. The ar ea has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I . Thar ar . gaa-
^ badi one of t he ol d dut ch set t l ement s decl ar ed as a
Her i t age t own by t he St at e Gover nment , has been cl assi f i ed
as CRZ I . '
Sheet No. 14
Mul 1i yar Ri ver dr ai ns t he ar ea. Nagapat t i nam
Muni ci pal i t y an ol d t own and di st r i ct head quar t er s of
Nagapat t i nam Qui de- E- Mi l 1et h Di st r i ct i s l ocat ed i n
t hi s bel t . The t own i s cl osel y bui l t and t he bui l t up
ar ea has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I . The r ur al set t l e-
ment s dot t ed al ong t he beach has been cl assi f i ed as
CRZ I I I . Vel ankanni , t he seat of Our Lady Heal t h a
t our i st cent r e, at t r act s l ar ge number of f or ei gn and
l ocal t our i st s. I t i s decl ar ed as a her i t age cent r e by
St at e. The same i s cl assi f i ed as CRZ I .
Sheet No. 15 & 16
The ar ea ar ound t he l agoons of Vel l ar r i ver has
ueen cl assi f i ed as CRZ I whi l e t he r ur al bel t al ong
t he coast has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I . The Kodi kar ai
i s a set t l ement ana i s a t our i st cent r e. The same has
ueen cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I .
Sheet No. 17 & 18
The ent i r e ar ea i s t he Vedar anyam Swamp and i s a
bi r d sanct uar y. The ent i r e ar ea has been cl assi f i ed as
CRZ I .
STRETCH 5 PERAVURANI TOWN TO RAMESWARAM I SLAND
I nt r oduct i on
Thi s st r et ch ext ends f r om Poi nt Cal i mer e t o
Rames war am I sl and. The ent i r e st r et ch comes wi t hi n
Ramnad Di st r i ct and Pudukkot t ai Di st r i ct .
Physi ogr aphy
Thi s st r et ch does not consi st s of sandy beaches wi t h
beach sands. Ther e ar e sal t pans near Tondi . I n t he
s out her n par t of t hi s st r et ch bet ween Devi pat t i nam and
Keel aks r ai t her e ar e r ai sed beaches wi t h sand par s havi ng
t r eads par al l el t o t he. pr esent coast l i ne. Due t o t he
r ai s ed oeach, t her e i s no beach sands of economi cal val ue
as avai l abl e i n t he ot her st r et ches.
Geo! ogy
Geol ogy of t he ar ea compr i ses mai nl y of coast al sands
of Quar t . er nar y and Recent ages. Sub r ecent mar i ne
f or mat i ons consi st i ng of har d cal car eous sandst one and
gr ey cal car eous cl ays, et c. , ar e seen on Rameswar am
i s l and and ot her i sl et s. Smal l ar ea of Rameswar am I sl and
al so exposes some r ecent mar i ne 1i mest one bed.
Geomor phol ogy
Coast al pl ai ns, ol der del t ai c pl ai ns, cuspat e
f or el and, t er i sand mounds, t er i t i dal compl ex ar e some of
t he geonor phi c f eat ur es obser ved i n t hi s st r et ch.
The Coas t l i ne i n tti i s st r et ch i s f r i nged by a sandy st r and
pl ai n over a wi dt h of about 1. 5KM t o 3 KM beyond whi ch r uns
a wi de t r ack of f 1 uvi o- mar i ne sedi ment s mani f est ed i n
t i dal f l at s, sal t *sr shes and pal eo t i dal f l at s. The
coast ?i ne bet ween Ramanat hapur am and Mandapar i s a huge
cus pat ? f or el and bar bui 1 t up wi t h sand deposi t s r epr esent i n
r epeat eci l ower i ng of sea l evel . The Rameswar am i sl and
Bi ol ogi cal Weal t h of t he Gul f of Manner ( Rameswar am
Zone.
The uni queness of t he Ecosyst ems:
The Gul f of Mannar ar ound whi c^i t s i sl ands pr ovi des
var i egat ed, most i nt er est i ng het er ogenous and uni que
habi t at s f or i t s deni zens. The or gani sms, pl ant s and ani mal
seem t o enj o- y t he cl osest i nt i macy wi t h sea wat er and
have accompl i shed t hi s r el at i onshi p t o a r emar kabl e
degr ee of per f ect i on.
The dept hs r ange f r om 3. 5 t o 15 met r es. The t i dal
ampl i t ude var i es f r om 5 t o 80 cms. Dur i ng t he l owest
t i de, t he beaut i f ul cor al - r eef s get wel l exposed. The
cor al r eef s har bour a wi de var i et y of mar i ne veget at i on
ana ani mal s; The cur r ent s i n t hi s ar ea ar e. swi f t , t he
sea i s r ough, bet ween Apr i l - August . I t i s cal is dur i ng
Sept ember . The Sal i ni t y var i ed f r om about 337 dur i ng
nor mal season t o 247 at t he t i me of heavy r ai nf al l and f r esh
wat er r unof f . The t emper at ur e var i ed bet ween 25 t o 32C
based on cl i mat i c condi t i ons. The di ssol ved oxygen
r anged usual l y bet ween 3. 7 & 5. 6.
The Mangr ove Veget at i on
The\ GuJ f of Mannar i sl ands, near Rameswar am possess uni que
wangr ove veget at i on. I t i s i nt er est i ng t o not e t hat such
veget at i on consi st s of speci es bel ongi ng t o Rhi zoohor a,
Avi cenni a, Br uoui er a, Der i oos, Lumni t zer a et c. The
Hangr ovces ar e f ound on a good maj or i t y of t he i sl ands, t he
veget at i on i s st r i ki ng f or i t s l uxur i ance and di ver si t y.
They ar e not ver y t al l t r ees, per haps t he hei ght i s
cur t ai l ed due t o st r ong wi nds l ashi ng her e per enni al l y ana
wi t h gr eat er vel oci t y dur i ng monsoons, per i odi cal cycl ones,
et c. The pl ant s ar e heal t hy. The whol e i sl and i s car pet ed
as i t wer e wi t h pneumat ophor es wher ever t he mangr ove f or est
ar e f or med. The mangr oves wer e seen wi t h f l ower s on t he
i sl and dur i ng December - J anuar y.
- 65-
The Cor a] Reef For mat i on
Ar ound Rameswar am, f r i ngi ng and pat ch cor a] r eef s
occur . The r eef f r amewor k i s compl ex. I t f or ms t he
basi s of a ver y el abor at e and f unct i onal ecosyst em. The
cor al r eef s exer t i nf l uence on t he cour se of wat er
cur r ent . They al so pr ovi de she! t er t o a gr eat di ver si t y of
al gae , sponges, and f i shes, j ust t o ment i on t hr ee gr oups.
Wi t h t he hel p of cal car eous al gae i n t he shal l ow sea,
t he her mat ypi c cor al s bui l d pr i mar y r eef f or mat i on wi t h
secondar y det r i t al r eef s i n deeper wat er . Apar t f r om
t he sedent ar y and f i xed al gae we encount er dr i f t i ng and
i mpr i sonea payt opi ankt on.
On t he Gul f of Mannar i sl ands, t he east er n si de of t he
i sl ands woul d appear t o have a gr eat er expanse of l i vi ng
cor al r eef s. The human expl oi t at i on of t he cor al l i me st one
i s concent r at ed on t he nor t her n and t he west er n si des.
Hence t he east er n si des r emai n r el at i vel y f r ee of human
i nf l uence and i nt er f er ence and so expl oi t at i on i s l ess
( I ssac Raj endr an and Kanagar aj Davi d 1971; . Recent l y,
t he Gover nment of Tami l Nadu have pr ohi bi t ed quar r yi ng
of cor al s af t er consi der abl e l oss of r eef s t o t he poi nt
of ext i nct i on.
The Sacr ed Chank Beds
The sacr ed chank, Xancus phrurn al so occur s i n t he
seas ar ound Rameswar am bot h i n t he Gul f of Mannar and
Pal k Bay. The sacr ed chank i s f ound on f i ne or sof t
sandy subst r at es. They f eed copi ousl y on Pol ychaet e wor ms.
The chank, Xancus pyru: . coul d hol d i t s own agai nst
i t s pr edat or s. The chank bea* ar e ver y pr oduct i ve. Xancus
pyr uT> i s consi der ed suo mot. o t o be ' Per f ect *. I t has
acqui r ed st r engt h t o ' st and on i t s own f eet agai ast i t
pr edat or s i n t he st r uggl e f or exi st ence. The i ndust r i al
uses of chanks ar e many. The Val ar. puri chanks ( si ni st r a)
f or m) f et ch mor e t han Rs. 10000/ - f or a per f ect chank of
65 mm or gr eat er di amet er . Thi s si ni st r al f or m i s nor mal l y
empl oyed i n Hi ndu Templ es f or wor shi p.
The Pear l : Banks
The Gul f of Mannar i s f amous f or i t s chank f i sher i es
and pear l f i sher i es. They ar e t he St at e' s monopol y.
Ther e ar e about t en pear l banks. The pear l banks ar e
concent r at ed i n t he r egi on ext endi ng f r om 7813' t o 7915' E
amd 838' t o 915' N. The dept h of t he pear l banks
var i es f r om about 10 t o 20 met r es.
The maxi mum concent r at i on of pear l banks i s f ound
, i n t he r egi on of Tut i cor i n and t o some ext ent i n bet ween
Nal 1 a Thanni Ti vu and Val i nokkam Poi nt . . We have pear l
banks al so i n t he f or mer i sl and Pandyna Ti vu envi r ons,
wher e dept h does, not. exceed 7. 5 met r es; at Van Ti vu
and Kar i ya Shul i Ti vu, at dept hs f r om 11 t o 15 met r es.
I mpor t ant Land Mar ks
I n t hi s st r et ch, Rameswar am whi ch has been known
f r om ear l y t i mes and ment i oned i n Ramayana i s l ocat ed.
Rameswar am i s an i sl and, but ver y cl ose t o t he mai n l and and
t he Pamban Canal separ at es i t f r om t he mai n l and.
Rameswar am i s a sacr ed pl ace f or Hi ndus and i s as f amous
as Var anasi i n t he nor t her n I ndi a. The t own i s bui l t , on an
i sl and i n t he Par k St r ai t s at t he ext r eme sout h east er n t i p
of t he I ndi an Peni nsul a. I t cont ai ns one of I ndi a' s most
vener at ed t empl es; a f i ne exampl e of Sout h I ndi an
Ar chi t ect ur e. The pr esi di ng dei t y of t he t empl e i s
Ramanat haswamy. sai d t o have been i nst al l ed i n
1
LI NKA'
f or m by Sr i Rama or t he Ramayana epi c on hi s r et ur n f r om
Sr i Lanka def eat i ng Kavana. The Ramal i ngar a at Rameswar am
i s one of t he t wel ve J yot hi Li ngams i n I ndi a. The most
i mpr essi ve f eat ur e i s t he many pi l l ar ed cor r i dor s cover i ng
a l engt h of 1220 mt s. Gandhamadhava Par vat har . i s a hi 1 i ock
t o t he nor t h of t he t empl e ana i s t he hi ghest poi nt , ar ound
f r om wf rurtre one get s an ex c el l ent vi ews of t he i sl and. Ther e
i s a t w/v) st or eyed Mandapam and Rama' s f oot pl aced on a
Chakr a or wor shi p at t r ac t pi l gr i ms. Dhanuskodi i s t he
anot her hol y pl ace i s s i t uat ed at a di st ance of 8 km f r om
Rar aes wi cani and has a t e mpl e f or Kot handas wamy. The t empl e
r emai ns: i nt a c t on t he i s l a nd, ev en t hough Dhanus kodi was
was hed Away by t he c y c l o ne 1964.
' The st r et ch has 5 sheet s and t hey ar e expl ai ned
be! ow.
Sheet ho. 19
""Ui i s segment consi st s of r ai sed beaches wi t h sand
bar s. As t hi s segment abut s Gul f of Mannar , t he ent i r e
segment has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I except f or . t he. r ur al
s et t l ement s whi ch have' been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I ( si x
set t 1 ev , ont s ) .
Sheet J o. 20
Thi s i s t he cont i nuat i on of t he above segment and
i s c] ai !- ; i f i ed as CRZ I except f or t he set t l ement s.
( t hr e. v set t l ement s) .
Sheet , - . o. 21
ThU' Gul f - of Mannar , bei ng t he sensi t i ve st r et ch, t he
ent i r e segment has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I except , f or
t wo si - el ement s whi ch have been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I .
Sheet No. 22
Thi s set nent i s al so cl assi f i ed as CRZ I . The
set t l ement s vi z. At t ankear ai , Pudumadam, Mut hupet t ai ,
Penapat t i nam, have been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I I . The
/
Mandampam wher e number of cent r al Gover nment of f i ces
ar e l ocat ed and whi ch i s a t r ansi t camp has been
cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I .
Sheet No. 23
The segment consi st s of Rameswar am Town and i t s
vi ci ni t y ar ea. The f amous Ramaswamy Templ e i s l ocat ed
her e and t he ar ea ar ound t he t empl e has been t hi ckl y
bui l t . The bui l t up ar ea has been cl assi f i ed as
CRZ I I . The undevel oped ar ea has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I .
STRETCH 6 RAMESWARAM I SLAND TO KERALA STATE BOUNDARY
The st r et ch i s l ocat ed i n Ramanat hapur am V. O. C.
Di s t r i ct and Kanni yakumar i Di st r i ct .
Physi ogr aphy
Ther e ar e t hr ee di f f er ent physi ogr aphi c uni t s
f eat ur es i n t hi s st r et ch. That i s, i n t he coast al bel t ,
Nor t h of Ti r uchendur , t her e ar e r ai sed beaches wi t h
sand i t er s par al l el t o t he pr esent coast l i ne. However ,
t he t r end of t he sand bar s on t he nor t her n and
s out her n si des of Thami r apar ani r i ver i s sl i ght l y
angul ar t o t he coast l i ne. I n t he coast al ar ea sout h
of Thi r uchendur , t her e ar e sand dunes and t her e soi l s
al ong snd away f r om t he coast . I n t he sout her n par t
of t hi s st r et ch, t her e ar e sandy beaches wi t h beach sands
cont ai ni ng heavy mi ner al s on t he east er n and west er n
si des of Kanni yakumar i .
Geo! ogy
Thi s st r et ch compr i ses mai nl y of Ar cheans
Quar t , er nar y and r ecent geol ogi cal f or mat i ons.
Quar t er nar y and Recent sedi ment s ar e t he
geol ogi cal uni t s occur i ng i n t he ar ea. War kal i beds of
Ter t i ar y age ar e exposed as t hi n cappi ngs sout h west
of Kuzni t . hur ai near t he coast . . Near Kanni yakumar i
cal car eous shel l l i mest one of sub- r ecent , or i gi n i s seen.
Sout h of t he Kanni yakumar i Tr i vandr am Nat i onal Hi ghway
bet wee" Nager coi l and Kuzhi t hur ai t he ar ea i s mai nl y
cover ed by t hi ck l at er i t e soi l dot t ed wi t h f ew r ocky
out c
:
V .
Geomor phol ogy
Beach, coast al r i dges, cl i f f ed coast , sand dunes,
beach t er r aces, spi t s, cuspat es, sal t mar shes and
t er i sands ar e some of t he geomor phi c f eat ur es obser ved
i n t hi s st r et ch.
The coast l i ne of VOC Di st r i ct i s devel oped by sedi ment
accr et i on except f or t he Ti r uchendur - Manapadu ar ea whi ch
nave a cl i f f ed coast r esul t i ng f r om er osi ons of mounds of
Quar t er nar y sandst ones. Bet ween Vai pur and Tut i cor i n t he
coast l i ne i s br oken by spi t s devel opi ng i nt o pr omi nent
cuspat e as seen at Tar vai kul am, A! ar i kar at t i t t ue and
Tut i cor i n. Sout h of Tut i cor i n, near t he mout h of
Kor amapal 1 am odai , huge sand bar has devel oped i nt o a
nor t hwar d t r endi ng oeach cusp, 4 km f r om t he mai n shor e.
The ar ea bet ween t ne beach cusp and t he coast i s used f or
t he devel opment of t heH' ar uour as i t i s f r ee f r om hi gh
ener gy waves.
Fr om Tut i cor i n t o Ti r uchendur , t he coast i s i nf l uenced
by t he Tamar apar ani del t a. The coast l i ne sout h of
Ti r uchendur i s mar ked by a nar r ow beach, beyond whi ch
ext ends t he coast al r i dge f r om Manapad t o Kudangul am over
whi ch sand dunes and beach t er r aces have devel oped. The
Quat er nar y sandst ones or sand r ocks ar e exposed as wave
cut pl at f or m al l al ong NE- SW coast f r om Per i yat al ai . t o
Puvar i .
Beach, coast al l owl ands, coast al pl ai ns, wavecut
pl at f or ms cl i f f ed coast and cape ar e some of t he
geomor phi c f eat ur es obser ved i n t hi s st r et ch.
St at ve of t he Ecosyst em
Fr om t he r esul t s of t he st udy on Pi t chavar am
mangr ove ecosyst em, i t i s evi dent t hat ,
a) t i l l s i s a ver y good nur ser y gr ound f or some
c. i j mmer ci al 1 y i mpor t ant pr awns, cr abs, and f i n f i sh,
i nee i t pr ovi des abundant f ood and shel t er f or t he
young ones;
b) i i s an i deal pl ace t o under t ake coast al aquacul t ur al
pr act i ces , empl oyi ng onl y t he pen cul t ur e met hod,
w' Hi ch al one wi l l not cause any al t er at i on i n t he eco-
s. - i yl i tem; on t he ot her hand, i t wi l l make ver y good
of t he nat ur al f ood avai l abl e, t hus mi ni mi si ng t he
pr oduct i on cost ;
c) t.' .i e wat er qual i t y i s ver y good and i t s pr oduct i vi t y i s
a*; ->o ver y hi gh; as such, t hi s envi r onment . , at pr esent ,
c um be used as a st andar d agai nst pol l ut ed
esvwi r onment s;
d) t-. i i i s ecosyst em ser ves t he pur pose of nut r i ent r ecycl i ng
auvj pr ovi des a r egul ar f 1 ow of or gani c mat t er i nt o t he
ai dj oi ni ng coast al wat er s i n addi t i on t o r epl eni shi ng t he
c. uast al f i sher y r esour ces ( t he young ones of f i n and
s. uel 1 f i sh r et ur n t o coast al ar eas f or br eedi ng
avi er at t ai ni ng maxi mum gr owt h her e) .
e) t m> Pi t chavar am mangr ove i s uni que because i t i s a
v' i i vy good mul ti speci es f or mat i on, wher eas i n ot her
n- ngr ove f or est s of I ndi a, one or t wo speci es al one
n si l y domi nat e. Fr om t hi s vi ew poi nt , i t i s ver y
i -. . sort ant t hat t hi s mangr ove must be pr ot ect ed and
p t i ser ved;
The mar i ne l and f or ms al ong t he Kanni yakumar i coast
i s r est r i ct ed t o t he wi dt h of l ess t han 1KM due t o hi i h
r el i ef of t he i nl and ar eas whi ch r epr esent t he sl opes of
t ne west er n gnat s when compar ed t o t he east er n coast . At
Veer abagupat t i , sand r ocks si mi l ar t o t hose occur i ng al ong
VOC Di st r i ct coast ar e not i ced bel ow t he sand dunes 200M
i nl and.
I mpor t ant 1 and mar ks
Kanni yakumar i ' . Kanni yakumar i i s t he l ands end of t he
I ndi an Peni nsul a, wher e wat er s of t he Ar abi an Sea, I ndi an
Ocean and t he Bay of Bengal Meet . I t i s one of t he
i mpor t ant pi l gr i m cent r es of I ndi a. A f i ne beach l andscape
wi t h sands of myr ai d col our i s anot her i nt er est i ng aspect
of Kanni yakumar i . Fr om t he beaut i f ul beach one can
si mul t aneousl y see t he gl or i ous si ght of t he moon r i si n
6
up on t he east and t he sun set t i ng on t he west , on a f u. 1
moon day. Ther e i s a sacr ed anci ent t empl e dedi cat ed
t o Kanni yakumar i t he Vi r gi n Goddess f r om whi ch t he di sr r i ct .
der i ves i t sname. The t empl e i s a symbol of uni t y and sanc-
t i t y. The beaut i f ul Gandhi Mant ap i s si t uat ed as a
memor i al t o t he Fat her of t he Nat i on. An ur n cont ai ni ng
Mahat ma Gandhi ' s ashes was kept her e f or publ i c t o pay
homage bef or e i mmer si on. A Roman Cat hol i c Chur ch dedi cat ed
t o Vi r gi n Mar y whi ch i s sai d t o have been const r uct ed by
t he J esui t Mi ssi onar y of St . Fr anci s Xavi er i n t he 16t h
Cent ur y i s al so l ocat ed her e.
Vi vekananda Memor i al : Ther e ar e t wo r ocks pr oj ect i ng
out of t he ocean, sout h- east of Kanni yakumar i t empl e.
These r ocks pr ovi de an i deal vant age poi nt f or vi si t or s
desi ni ng t o vi ew t he l ands end of I ndi a. On t hi s r ock st ands
t he ' Vi vekananda Rock Memor i al ' bui l t i n 1970 wi t h a bl end
of al l t he ar chi t ect ur al st yl es of I ndi a.
Suchi ndr am: The Suchi ndr am ae^ns t he pl ace wher e I ndi r a
t he Ki ng of Devas, was pur i f i ed. A Sc- cred t empl e dedi cat ed
t o Tr i mur t i es ar e wor shi ped her e. The ot her i mpor t ant
t our i st pl ace i n t hi s st r et ch ar e t he Padmanabhapur an
t empl e, Ti r uvat t ar Templ e, Udayagi ri For t , Ci r cul ar For t
and Kol achel Por t and t he f amous Ti r uchendur
Sho*e t empl e.
The St r et ch i ncl ude 8 sheet s and det ai l s ar e
expl ai ned her eunder .
Sheet No. 24 & 25
Thi s segment mai nl y consi st s of t he r eser ved
f or es t s ari d hence has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I .
Shi e- et. No. 26
Thi s bel t i s endowed wi t h number of sal t pans
ant o has been cl assi f i ed as CRZ I , except f or smal l
s et t l ement s whi ch have been mar ked as CRZ I I I . The
Tu: t i cor i n Town havi ng a por t and number of i ndust r i es i s
l oi c. i t ed on t hi s segment . I t i s a Cl ass I t own wi t h a
poj pul at i on of mor e t han 1 l akh. Ther e i s r et ai ni ng wal l
al OTi g t he seashor e and a r oad r uns par al l el t o t he
c oas t . The Muni ci pal ar ea and cont i nuous bui l t up ar ea
i s mar ked as CRZ I I .
Sh^-c-. t No. 27
As t hi s bel t compr i ses of l agoons t he maj or
por t i on has been mar ked as CRZ I . The r ur al bel t s have
be; en mar ked as CRZ I I I .
cK K 1
Ti r uchengode a t empl e t own i s l ocat ed i n t hi s
se^went . . The t empl e i s cl ose t o t he sea and devel opment s
ha-' -' t
1
come ar ound t he t empl e. The bui l t up ar ea has
be' i "! cl assi f i ed as CRZ I I .
S he e t No . 2 8
The e nt i r e be l t i s a c oa s t a l p l a i n wi t h r ur al s e t t l e
Mer i t edot t ed a l l o v e r . Thi s a r e a ha s be e n c l a s s i f i e d as
CRZ I I I .
S he e t No . 2 9
Thi s s t r e t c h i s a c oa s t a l pl a i n and i s dot t e d al l
ov e r wi t h r ur a l ha bi t a t i o n. The r e a r e no e c o l o g i c a l l y
s e ns i t i v e a r e a s e x c e pt f o r t he r i v e r mout h of Nambi y ar
R i v e r . The e nt i r e s t r e t c h ha s be e n c l a s s i f i e d as CRZ I I I
e x c e pt f o r t he r i v e r r aout h whi c h ha s be e n cl a s s i f i e d
as CRZ I .
S he e t No . 3 0
The Ka nni y a k uma r i Town f a l l s i n t h i s s e g me nt .
The b u i l t up a r e a ha s be e n c l a s s i f i e d as CRZ I I and
t he o t he r a r e a s as CRZ I I I . The a r e a c l o s e t o
Ma na k k udi Ka y a l i s c l a s s i f i e d as CRZ I .
S he e t No . 3 1
The Col ac hel t own i s l o c a t e d i n t he s e g me nt .
The s ame ha s be e n c l a s s i f i e d as CRZ I I . The ot he r
a r e a s ha v e be e n c l a s s i f i e d as CRZ I I I .
f i
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A a t f i i o . v ^ s s a ^ i e
n s o w i - y r n i c i
3 2 1 J - N 3 3 S O O ( 5 n 3 2 J
i c < j 5 o i r o i d
J . H O S 3 H 3 V 7 3
U i O S 3 * : A V a i t O H
( " | e ? 6 0 0 3 ) S 3 V X K 3 3 i . l 8 n O !
n a v N i i w v i
S L

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w V i M i a - l v d i - ^ i - L O ^
i s v m I x i l l -
v z i v ^ i v i a o j
7 K J P t l
d O
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1 I Y A S .
g \ f r u ^ v t f t V H x J " : ^
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N r O V 1 1 i Y B K O f t Y
C 1 V 1 S V O D )
S 3 3 1 N 3 D 9 N I G N V 1 H S ! d
n a \ / N 1 I W V 1
AREA OF REGULATI ON ZONE UNDER DI FFERENT CATEGORI ES
CHENGALPAT1U M. G. R. DI STRI CT
Sheet No, Pl a c e Leng t h of t he
c oas t
200M Zono 500M zone 100M zone
{ Squar e Ki l o Met r esj j
Remar ks
3
4
OR? , I
Vi l l a g e s a but t i ng Pul i c a t l ak e
W e s t e r n s i de of Bay of Beng al
( Fl ast t o we s t )
CRZ I I
CRZ I I I
CRZ I
Sat t ar i kuppai n t o MMA boundar y
Ba c k wat ei - s o f Buc k i ng ham Canal
Bac k v ot e r s o f Ko r t a l i a r r i v e r
CRS I I
er r . m
MMA boundar y
CRZ T
CRZ T I
CRZ 111
MM h mr d e t v t o Da v a ne r i
2 2 . 5 KM St r e t oh I
Ni l
Ni l
1 6 . 0 KM
Ni l
Ni l
6 5 . 0 0 KM
2 5 . 0 0 KM
Ni l
Ni l
4. 06
3 . 1 0
6 . 0 9
2 3 . 9 5
4 . 6 5
7 . 1 5
11. 00
St r e t c h U
0 , 5 4
0.81
Buc k i ng ha m Canal bac k wa t e r
T
5
GR2 1
Vonpur us l i om t o Kok k i l i medu
Pudupat t i nam Al l i k uppam
CRZ l 'l
CRZ I I I
De v ane r i "t o Venpur us ham
Buc k i ng ham c anal ba c k wat e r s
Kok k i l i me du t o Pudupat t i nam
CRZ 1"
Al l i k uppa m t o Al ambar ai
Bac k wa t e r s of Buc k i ng ham c anal
CRZ I I
CRZ I I I
Huokwat or u of Hur .ki ngham Canal
CRZ I
CRZ I T
CRZ f i t
24. 5 KM
Ni l
2 4 . 5 KM
Ni l
Ni l
Ni l
1. 25
8.00
0. 66
1 . 7 0
0 . 9 9 '
2 . 5 5
14.08
1 3 . 7 5
4. 00
St r e t c h I I
2 . 5

SOU- m ARGOT VALLALAR DI S TRI CT
Sheet No.
" ('1) " "
Pl a c e
" ( 2 ) ~
I . engt h of t he Coas t
" " ( 3 )
10
g & i
Che ng a l pa t t u Di s t r i c t boundar y t o
Kar i apal ay ar n
Ba c k wa t e r s
CRZ I I
CRZ I I I
Kar i apal nj y am t o Ani chemkuppaxr i
CRZ T
oi r . 11
CRZ I I I
kni ohankupj j ar n t o Pondi c he r r y Nor t her n boundar y
pi l l a i c ha v a di t o Kot t akuppam
CRZ I
CRZ I I
Dev ar ui mpat t i nam t o Cudda l or e o l d t own
CRZ 3.11
Pudukuppam t o Pa nni t i t t u
Cuddal <? r e LPA Nor t h boundar y
Ba c k wa t e r s of Ponnai y ur and Gadi l am r i v e r
Sembadai kuppam t o Chi t t i r a i pe t t a i
2 7 , 0 0 KM
Ni l
6 . 4 0 KM
Ni l
Ni l
1 3 . 4 0 KM
Mi l
20OM Zone 500M zone 100M zone Remar ks
" " ( 4 ) " ~ ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ~ "
( S qua r e Ki l o Me t r e s )
6 . 2
2 1 . 2 5
3 . 8
0 . 3 0
1.18
0 . 9 8
0 . 5 0
0. 80
1 . 5 2
5 . 7
0 . 4 5
1 . 7 7
1 . 4 7
0 . 7 5
1.20
2. 28
Monr i i c h e r r y 1 3 . /KM
St r e t c h TTT
( Pondi c he r r y 1 5 . 6 K1
2.28
- 8 0 -
( 1) ( 2) ( 3) (4) "( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7)
11
or e r
Chi t t i r a i pe t t a i t o por t onov o
Por t onov a t o Pi t c hav &r am
Ve l l a r r i v e r ba c k wat er
19. 8 KM
( Po ndi c he r i y
?
7. 5 KK)
2. 90 4. 35
2 . 2 0 3 . 3 0
0o 70
r .

m m
- 8 1 -
NAGAPPATTI NAM QUAI D- &- MI LLET DI S TRI CT
She e t No.
(1)
Pl ac e
(2)
12
CRZ I
Chi nna v a i k k a l t o Ka l a i y ur
Ba c k wa t e r s o f ' c o l a r o o n r i v e r
CRZ I I
CRZ 311
Ka l a i y ur t o Chav adi kuppar n
Ba c k wa t e r s of Uppanar r i v e r
Chnv adi k nppam t o Si nnur pc t
Pondi c her i . y boundar y
C RZ t
Ka v e r i pa t t i na m t o Thar ang ambadi
Bac k wat e r s o f Manj av ay k al r i v e r
CRZ I I
CRZ I I I
Chav adi kuppar n t o Ka v e r i pa t t i na m
Thar angani ba- di
t o Sl nnur pe t
Baok wat or n of oa uv e i y , v adi y i i F 181
Ka da l i y a r r i v e r
Le ng t h of t he c oas t
( 3 )
200 M zone 500M zone 100M zone
2 5 . 0 KM
Ni l
2 5 . 5 KM
2 . 0 m
Ni l
(4) ( 5 ) (6)
( Squa r o Ki l o Met r es )
7. 75
14.80
1.60
1.80
0. 50
2. 40
5. 50
3. 25
2. 70
0. 75
1*65
Remar ks
( 7)
St r e t c h I V
: 'i ) ( 2 ) " " ( 3 ) " "
14 Pondi c he r r y c oas t 1 . 4 0 KM
Pondi c he r r y s out he r n boundar y t o Vedar ar y am 2 9 . 6 KM
CRZ I
Bac k wa t e r s o f Ve t t a r r i v e r Vedar ar y am Canal
CRZ I I
Pa t t a nc he r r y t o Va na v a n Mahadev i
CRZ I TT
Nag apat t i nam t o Vanav an Mahadev i .
Pa t t a nc he r r y t o Vanav an Mahadev i
15 2 1 . 8 KM
CRZ I
Ba c k wa t e r of Ha r i c ha ndr a Nadhi r i v e r , He l l a r r i v e r $
and Vedai - ar y am c anal {
CRZ I I Ni l
CRZ I I I
Vanav an Mahadev i t o Thopput hur ai
Bac k wa t e r s o f Ve da r a ny a m' c a na l
16 3 7 . 7 KM
CRZ ]
Vede. r ar y am poi nt c a l i me r e a nd a l ong
pa r k s t r a i t '
Ba c k wa t e r s of Vedar any am, S e r t t a l a i k a du l a g oon
CRZ I I Ni l
CRZ I I I Ni l
( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 )
St r e t c h I V
2 4 . 5 0
0 . 6 7 1. 01
4.00 6.00
0 . 6 7 1. 01
24. 25
3. 10 4. 65
St r e t c h I V
1 . 2 5
16. 25
1 6 . 2 5
- 8 3 -

j
TIIAN.TAVUR DI STRI CT
j
Sheet No. Pl a c e Le ng t h of t he c oas t 200M zone 500M zone 100K zone Remar ks
17 Al ong pa r k s t r a i t 4 2 . 2 St r et oh I V
CRZ I
Al ong Pa l k S t r a i t
Bac k wat ei - s o f Har ak k a Ko r a i y a r , Kandak ur i c ha r
r i v e r , Kor i a r r i v e r , Ka t t a r r i v e r , Nes uv unni r i w r
2 3 . 6
1 7 . 9 0
CRZ 11 Ni l
CEZ I I I Ni l
18 3 3 . 0 0 KM
c w, r St r e t c h V
Raj amadam t o J ambu Ma ha de v i pa t t i na m
( Puduk o t t a i Di s t r i c t bounda r y )
1 6 . 5
AHEA OF REGULATION ZONE UNDER HEI TERHJ T CATEGORIES:
PU DDUKKOTTA? Ti
Sh e e t No , P l a c e L e n g t h o f 200M zo n e 500 M z one 100 ra zone
t h e c o a s t ( s q . K m) ( Sq # K m) ( Sq . Km)
1 9 . C R Z - I
J a i nb u ma h a d e v i F ' a t t i na P
t o S i r u k a d v a i k o t t a i
CRZ - I I - N I L
CRZ - I I I 1* 02 1 . 5 3
s t r e c h . V
18.20
20. CRZ - I
S i r u k a d a v a i k o t t a i t o
No r t h e r n b o u n d ar y o f
Ra)an a t hapu ram 2 . 4 0
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A R E A 01 R E GUL A TI ON ZOKE UMDE R mJ T F I E &A
7
T C A T E GOR I E S
V . O. CHI D^ i B A i i N AR DI S T R I C T
S h e e t J N6
. ( D
P I
a c e
1 * 2
l e n t h o f
t h e c o a
B
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1 8 . 0 K W
200 M
z o n e
( S q . k m)
( 4 )
500 M
z o n e
( e q . E m)
- 1 5 2 _
1 0 0 M
z o n e
( b q J E w)
2 5 .
C RZ- I
V. O. C. E i e t i i c t boundar y
t o a i p p i k u l e P i
Ba c k v a t e r a o f Va n b a r &
V a i p p a r r J l v e r
UR z I I
V HZ - I I ].
Vei n b a r
_ N I L -
0 . 5 0
8 , 2 5
8.00
0 . 4 5
S t r e t c h VI
2 6 . CRZ - I
S i p p i k u l a P t o T Ut i c o r L n
h a r b o u r a r e a
B a c k w a t e r o f V e p p a l o d a i
Cf i Z- I I
5 9 . 5 k m
8 . 2 5
6 . 2 5
T u t i c o r i n o l d h a r b o u r &
h a r b o u r 7 . 0
C R Z - I I I
P a t t a n a ma i u d u r Mu l i a k k a d u
1 . 9 0 2 . . C 5 2 . 4 5
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St r e t c h I s h e e t No .
It
Sh e e t s 2 * &
3 -
St r e t c h I I s h e e t s 4 t o 7
St r e t c h i l l s h e e t s 8 t o 11
St r e t c h I V s h e e t s \ 2
t o 17
St r e t c h - V s h e e t s 18
t o 24
St r e t c h VI s h e e t s 25 t o 31
NOTE:
Tafai 1 Na d u c o a s t a pc ount s f o r 17$ o f t he c o a s t l i n e of I n d i a
The c o a s t c o n s i s t s of
Bay o f Be nga l 385
P a l k s r r a i t 2 9 0
Gu l f oi l Ma n n a r 325
Ar a b i a n s e
a
55
t o t a l 1055 Kk