-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 29 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006
Nagesh: Hi Mangesh, what are you doing in
this Travel kit shop? (Are you) buying
a bag?
( Ñ -vö«-¢Á-™¸ éÀ-ö¸ -≥ƒ°ˇ™ àç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤?
¶«uí˚ à´’Ø√o éÌçô’-Ø√o¢√?)
Mangesh: That's right
(Å´¤†’)
Nagesh: You've bags and suitcases of all
sizes, shapes and colours here. (Is)
none to your liking?
(Ééπ\úø ÅEo ÂÆj-V©÷, Çé¬-®√©’, ®Ωçí∫’©÷
Ö†o -¶«uí∫’-©’, Ææ÷-ö¸ÍéÆæ’-©’ ÖØ√o®· éπ∫ü∆.
FÍéO †îªa-™‰ü∆?)
(To your liking = Fèπ◊ †*açC)
Look at this one = ÉC îª÷úø’
Mangesh: This is bigger than the one I want. I
want a smaller bag than this.
( Ø√é¬\-¢√-Lq† -¶«uí˚ éπØ√o ÉC °ü¿lC.
Ø√èπ◊ Éçûªéπçõ‰ *†oC 鬢√L )
Nagesh: That One may be the size you want.
(ÅC Fé¬\-¢√-Lq† -ÂÆj-ñ ¸ Å-¢Ìy-a)
Mangesh: No that's smaller than the one I
want.
(™‰ü¿’. ÅC Ø√é¬\-¢√-Lq† ü∆E-éπçõ‰
*†oC)
Nagesh: See if this suits you?
( -ÉC Ææ-J-§Ú-ûª’ç-üË-¢Á÷ -îª÷-úø’)
Mangesh: Yes. That's exactly what I want.
(Å´¤†’. Ø√èπ◊ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ é¬¢√-Lqç-ü¿üË.)
Nagesh: This looks fine, but look at the price
tag here. It says it is Rs. 500/-
(î√© ¶«í∫’ç-CC é¬-F üµ¿®Ω îª÷-úø’ 500 ®Ω÷§ƒ-
ߪ’©’)
Mangesh: Oh, my! that's more than its worth.
(Ŷs! -Éü¿çûª îËߪ’ü¿’.)
(More than its worth = ü∆E N©’´
Åçûª îËߪ’ü¿’.)
Nagesh: Let's look for something less expen-
sive.
(Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ üµ¿®Ω’†oüË´’Ø√o ÖçüË¢Á÷
îª÷ü∆lç.)
Mangesh: This is the least expensive of all the
bags this size here. Let's bargain.
See if we can get it for Rs 400. It is
not worth more than that.
(Ééπ\-úø’†o Ç ÂÆj-ñ ¸ -¶«uí˚-™x ÉüË Åûªuçûª
ûªèπ◊\´. 400 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©èπ◊ -´Ææ’hç-üË-¢Á÷ -
îª÷-ü∆lç. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ -áèπ◊\-´ îËߪ’-ü¿’)
Nagesh: You are right. Let's ask if for
Rs 400.
400
(†’-´y-†o-C -¶«í∫’ç-C. ®Ω÷§ƒ-
ߪ’-©-éÀ≤ƒhúË¢Á÷ Åúø’-í∫’ü∆ç)
Mangesh: Let's try
(-v°æ-ߪ’-ûªoç -îË-ü∆lç.)
-í∫-ûª lesson ™ adjectives of compari-
M. SURESAN
son í∫’-J-ç-* éÌEo N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç
éπü∆? ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’, ´uèπ◊h-©†÷ §ÚLa ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’
ûª®Ω’-í∫’©’ E®Ωg-®·ç-îªôç ü∆ü∆°æ¤ v°æA-éπ~ùç @Nûªç™
îËÆæ÷hØË Öçö«ç. -ü∆-EéÀ ´’† conversation (Spoken
English) ™ v§ƒüµ∆†uç î√™« áèπ◊\´. Åçü¿’-éπE ´’†ç
îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊†o ¶µ«¢√Eo correct í¬ îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ, 3
degrees of comparison ™ ¢√éπuE®√tùç ᙫ
Öçô’çüÓ í∫-ûª lesson ™ îª÷¨»ç. ü∆Eo ´’®Ó ≤ƒJ 鬕öÀd superlative adjective ´·çü¿’ á°æ¤púø÷ the
èπ◊x°æhçí¬ îª÷ü∆lç:
a) Superlative:
The Elephant is the largest land animal.
¶µº÷îª-®Ω ïçûª’-´¤™x à†’í∫’ ÅA-°-ü¿lC.
ÉC superlative. Éçü¿’™ word order (´÷ô© Å´’- Ç ûª®Ω-¢√-ûª subject, singular number; Than all
Jéπ) î√-™« simple.
The elephant (sub)+is(verb)+the+superlative
adjective+...
b) The elephant is larger than any other land
animal / all other land animals.
(¶µº÷Ω ïçûª’-´¤™x à†’í∫’ N’í∫û√ à ïçûª’´¤-©
éπç-õ‰ /- ÅEo Éûª®Ω ïçûª’-´¤© éπç-õ‰ °ü¿lC).
The elephant (sub)+is(verb)+comparative
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
adjective (larger)+than any other (singular) /
than all other (plural)+...
c) Positive: No other land animal is so (as) large
as the elephant
(à Éûª®Ω ¶µº÷Ω ïçûª’´‹ à†’-í∫çûª °ü¿lC é¬ü¿’)
Word order: No other+Subject (animal) +verb
+so/as + positive adjective+as+the (subject)
ÉO ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC. Å®·ûË ´’†ç îËÊÆ §ÚLéπ -
©’ -á°æ¤p-úø’ èπÿú≈ Éçûª simple (Ææ®Ω-∞¡ç)í¬, direct í¬
Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. Éçé¬ ÆæçéÀx-≠dæ (complex ) -¢Á’i-† §Ú-L- 2) Kashmir - cold - state in India (Positive)
Pacific
éπ©’ èπÿú≈ îËÆæ’hçö«ç. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ Ñ lesson (Éûª®Ω ´’£æ…Ææ´·-vü∆© éπç-õ‰ ™-ûÁj-†C)
3) This - good song - the movie (superlative)
c) He is older than any other members / all
¢Á·ü¿öx Nagesh, Mangesh conversation îª÷ü∆lç. 4) Rentachintala - hot place- A.P. (comparative)
other members of the family.
a) Mangesh: This is bigger than the one I want. 5) December - cold month. (Positive)
(èπ◊ô’ç-•- Ææ-¶µº’u-©ç-ü¿-J-™-†÷ -Å-ûª-úø’ -´-ߪ’Ææ’-™
(ÉC- Ø√-é¬\-´-Lq† ü∆E-éπçõ‰ °ü¿lC) 6) Andhra Pradesh- big state South India
Åçõ‰ O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. Ééπ\úø Mangesh (comparative)
§Ú©’Ææ’h†oC È®çúø’ ´Ææ’h´¤©†’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ -Å-N ûª†-é¬\-´- Answers:
©-Æœ† bag, ûª†’ îª÷Ææ’h†o bag. 1) This diamond necklace is the costliest jewel
b) Mangesh: That's
want.
smaller than the one I
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 205 in the shop.
(Ñ ≥ƒ°ˇ™ Ñ ´vñ«© necklace Åûªuçûª
(Ø√é¬\-¢√-Lq† ü∆E-éπç-õ‰ ÅC *†oC) êK-üÁj-†C) (Superlative degree)
Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ ÅçûË éπü∆? È®çöÀ ´’üµ¿u ´÷vûª¢Ë’ §ÚLéπ. 2) No other state in India is as (so) cold as
°-ü¿l)
ûª†-é¬\-´-LqçC. ûª†èπ◊ -Å-éπ\úø üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’-†oC. Kashmir.
Positive: Positive degree No
c) Mangesh: Oh, my! That's more than its
™ ´÷-ö«xúË-ô°æ¤púø’
other Positive adjec-
(¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ à Éûª®Ω ®√≠æçZ - é¬Qt®˝ Åçûª îªL-í¬ Öç-úø-
worth.
ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Ç ûª®Ω-¢√ûª
tive ´·çü¿’ so/as positive adjective
é¬F, ûª®Ω-¢√ûª ü¿’) (positive degree)
that's more than its worth
3) This is the best song in the movie.
as
Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ bag üµ¿®Ωèπ◊, ü∆E N©’-´èπ◊ ´≤ƒh®·.
superlative
a) No other tree here is so (as) tall as the
(Ç *vûªç™ ÉC Åûªuçûª íÌ°æp §ƒô–
Åçõ‰ È®çöÀ ´’üµËu §ÚLéπ. degree.)
coconut tree there.
d) Mangesh: It is not worth more than that. 4) Rentachintala is hotter than any other place /
bag
(Ééπ\-úø’†o à îÁô’d èπÿú≈ Ç éÌ•s-J-îÁôdç-ûª §Òúø’-í∫’-
ÉC èπÿú≈ üµ¿®Ωèπÿ, N©’-´èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u all other places in A.P.
Ö†o §ÚLéπ - ûÁ-LÊ° ¢√éπuç. é¬ü¿’)
b) No other metal is so (as) bright as gold.
(Ççvüµ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸™ È®çô-*ç-ûª© Éûª®Ω à v°æüË-¨»-E-éπç-õ‰/
e) Nagesh: Let's look for something less Éûª®Ω v°æüË-¨»-©-éπØ√o ¢ËúÕ v°æü˨¡ç)
expensive.
(à Éûª®Ω ™£æ«´‚ •çí¬-®Ω-´’çûª v°æé¬-¨¡-´çûªç
5) No other month is so (as) cold as December.
bag
é¬ü¿’)
Ééπ\-úø èπÿ-ú≈ Ñ èπÿ Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ( December
c) No other student in the class is as (so) good
à (Éûª®Ω) ØÁ™« Åçûª îªL-é¬ü¿’)
ûªèπ◊\´ üµ¿®Ωèπÿ §ÚLéπ. 6) Andhra Pradesh is bigger than any other
at the subject as Janaki
É™« ´’†ç È®çúø’ ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†÷, Éü¿l®Ω’ ´uèπ◊h-©†÷ §Ú- state/ all other states in South India.
(class subject
©’Ææ’hçö«ç. Åô’-´ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ degree of comparison ™ Éûª®Ω Nü∆u-®Ω’n-™„-´®Ω÷ Ç ™ ñ«†-
(ü¿éÀ~ù ¶µ«®Ω-ûªç™ Éûª®Ω à ®√≠æZç/Éûª®Ω ®√≥ƒZ-©-éπç-õ‰
†’ •öÀd word order (´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ) èπÿú≈ éπçûª ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx é¬-ü¿’.)
´÷®Ω’ûª’çô’çC. ÅçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈, È®çöÀ éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ Ñ patterns (¢√é¬u© †´‚-Ø√©’) Ñ ´‚úø’ -Çç-vüµ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸ °ü¿lC)
degrees ™ °j† îª÷°œ†õ‰x Öçú≈L. É™« È®çúÕ-öÀ-éπç-
§ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’ ÖçúË sentence word order èπÿ, È®çöÀE 1. How to pronounce the words? Is there
´÷vûª¢Ë’ compare îËÆœ-†-°æ¤púø’ Öç-úË sentence word õ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’ O’®Ω’ í∫´’-Eç-î√-
any rule please.
order èπÿ î√-™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC.
Lq† ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç– superlative, comparative. Ñ
È®çúø’ degrees ™ sentences ™ not ®√ü¿’. pos- b) Occasion, situation - what is the differ-
ence between these words? ( give some
1) È®çöÀéπØ√o áèπ◊\´ ¢√öÀE §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’
itive degree ™ sentence – no other ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-
superlative degree ™E adjective
examples). öÀ. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤, Í®°æ™„x
´·çü¿’ the éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ®√¢√L. ´’-´¤-ûª’çC.
i) Any good English - English dictionary will
eg: a) The elephant is the biggest of
(Å®·ûË, ÅEo-öÀ-éπØ√o... é¬ü¿’, ÅØË superlative
give you the symbols of pronunciation -
all land animals / the biggest
Öçô’çC. ü∆E Ææçí∫A ûªy®Ω-™ØË îª÷≤ƒhç.)
refer to it.
land animal.
É°æ¤púø’ in the conversation at the beginning of
the lesson -™« È®çöÀ-F §Ú™«aç ņ’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púø’ ii) Situation = °æJ-Æ œnA.
b) Hyderabad is the largest city in
A.P.
î√© ´·êu-¢Á’i† Å稡ç. È®çöÀ-ØË/-É-ü¿l®Ω’ ´uèπ◊h-©ØË §ÚLa- äéπ v°æüË-¨¡ç™ äéπ Ææ´’-
(A.P. ™ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ÅA-°ü¿l †í∫®Ωç)
†-°æ¤úø’ superlative degree Öçúøü¿’. Positive, ߪ’ç™ Ö-†o /-ï-®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-
Comparative ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Öçö«®·.
C) He is the most popular actor on the
†o Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†© éπ©-
1) This is bigger than the one I want.
Telugu screen.
®·éπ.
A difficult situation = éÀx-≠dæ
(ûÁ©’í∫’ ûÁ®Ω O’ü¿ Åûª-úø’ Åûªuçûª v°æñ«-Gµ-´÷†ç (Ø√é¬\-´-Lq-† -ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ ÉC °ü¿lC)
- Ö-†o †ô’úø’) – Comparative (bigger) °æJ-ÆœnA; financial situation
DEéÀ positive degree: The one I want is not as = ÇJnéπ °æJ-Æ œnA political sit-
(so) big as this. uation = ®√ï-éÃߪ’ °æJ-Æ œnA.
ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ.
superlative Occasion = Ææçü¿®Ωs ¥ç –
2) Å™«Íí È®çöÀ-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ ¢√öÀE §ÚLa-†-°æ¤úø’ com- DEéÀ Öçúøü¿’. -Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ´îËa
lesson
parative adjective -ûª®Ω-¢√ûª than any other / than
™ îª÷ü∆lç. Ééπ\úø Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†-©’, °æJ-Æœn-ûª’© éπç-õ‰ Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ
Exercise: Practise the following aloud. Make v§ƒ´·êuç áèπ◊\´. °j† situation ¢√úÕ† îÓô™«x
all other ûª°æpèπ◊ç-ú≈ ®√-¢√L. than any other Å®·ûË
sentences using the following words, using the occasion ¢√úøôç èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’ éπü∆.
degree given in brackets. I have met him on two or three occasions =
other Å®·ûË -Ç -ûª®Ω-¢√-ûª subject, plural number
eg: Mt Everest - high peak in the world.
Å´¤-û√®·. ÅûªEo ؈’ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.
(comparative) (Mt-Mount- a) On the last occasion that I met him, he
a) The Prime Minister is more powerful than
°æ®Ωy-û√© Ê°®Ωx-´·çü¿’
(Peak- was in a difficult situation =
any other minister / all other ministers.
¢√úøû√ç) Pê®Ωç) ÅûªEo ؈’ -Éç-
Ans: Mt Everest is higher than any other peak
(-É-ûª®Ω ´’çvûª’-©ç-ü¿-J éπç-õ‰ èπÿú≈ -v°æ-üµ∆-†-´’ç-vAéÀ ûªèπ◊-´·ç-ü¿’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ Åûª†’ î√-™« éÀx-≠dæ
in the world. °æJ-Æœn-A™ ÖØ√o-úø’.
ÇCµ-鬮Ωç -áèπ◊\-´)
1) This diamond necklace - costly jewel in the b) She was able to manage the situation
b) The Pacific is deeper than any other ocean /
shop - (superlative)
all other oceans in the world. = Ç °æJ-Æœn-AE Ç¢Á’ ¶«í¬ -îªéπ\-C-ü¿lí∫-©’í∫’-ûª’ç-C.