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RATES AND EQUILIBRIA TEST MS 1 - a curve with a peak to the right of the first curve and not crossing it anywhere (all 3 = 2 marks; any 2 = mark) a catalyst alters rate of reaction ( lowers "a () remains unchanged after the reaction( is not changed at the end of the reaction) b) a reaction occurs when the conditions on a system in e6uili,rium are changed ( counteract( resist( oppose the change)
RATES AND EQUILIBRIA TEST MS 1 - a curve with a peak to the right of the first curve and not crossing it anywhere (all 3 = 2 marks; any 2 = mark) a catalyst alters rate of reaction ( lowers "a () remains unchanged after the reaction( is not changed at the end of the reaction) b) a reaction occurs when the conditions on a system in e6uili,rium are changed ( counteract( resist( oppose the change)
RATES AND EQUILIBRIA TEST MS 1 - a curve with a peak to the right of the first curve and not crossing it anywhere (all 3 = 2 marks; any 2 = mark) a catalyst alters rate of reaction ( lowers "a () remains unchanged after the reaction( is not changed at the end of the reaction) b) a reaction occurs when the conditions on a system in e6uili,rium are changed ( counteract( resist( oppose the change)
1. (i) Curve with peak to the right of first curve
And reaching a smaller maximum height than the first curve And not crossing it anywhere (all 3 = 2 marks; any 2 = mark) (ii) !reater fraction of particles have " # "a $o greater fraction of successful collisions %&' 2. catalyst alters rate of reaction( lowers "a () remains unchanged after the reaction( is not changed at the end of the reaction )*+ negated ,y does not take part in reaction () [2] 3. (i) axes la,elled y as num,er( fraction( % of molecules( particles and x as energy( enthalpy( velocity( speed correct shape to include origin- hump and position wrt x axis 2 (ii) two vertical lines drawn ,oth to the ./$ of hump (at least one la,elled Ea) (la,els reversed cannot score) greater proportion of collisions have energy greater than Ea( more molecules exceed Ea 2 [4] 4. Any two of the following ,ullet points forward rate = reverse rate %01+ 2ust 3forward reaction = reverse reaction4' can ,e approached from either direction %forward rate of reaction = reverse rate of reaction is worth ,oth the a,ove ,ullet points' no change in overall macroscopic properties or a specific one (e5g5 colour) takes place in a closed system %05)5 every wrong point negates a correct one' [2] 5. (a) when the conditions on a system in e6uili,rium are changed (1) the e6uili,rium moves to minimise the effects of the change( counteract( resist( oppose the change (1) 2 (,) (i) e6uili,rium moves towards 7/$( towards 01 2 (1) forward reaction is exothermic( reverse reaction is endothermic (1) 2 (ii) e6uili,rium moves towards ./$( towards 0 2 1 & (1) fewer moles on ./$ (1) 2 (iii) no change in e6uili,rium position (1) catalyst speeds up forward ad reverse reactions ,y same amount (1) 2 [8] 6. (i) more CO and H 2 / less CH 3 OH/ moves to LHS reaction is exothermic( ora & (moves in endothermic direction scores ) less C1 and / 2 ( more C/ 3 1/( moves to ./$ more mole(molecules(particles on 7/$( ora (ii) more particles per unit volume( increased concentration( particles closer together more collisions and increases rate 2 (iii) heterogeneous (iv) none affects forward and reverse reaction the sae 2 [9]
!. (a) anywhere in range 38 9 &8: () if range given all values must ,e in this range (,) (i) increases () (ii) more moles of A and ) () e6uili,rium moves in direction of less moles () 2 (c) endothermic (marks for e"#$anat%&n) an increase in temperature converts more A () e6uili,rium moves in direction to lower temperature( forward reaction must tend to lower temperature( an increase in temperature favours the endothermic 2 process () (d) (i) a su,stance that alters(increases the rate of reaction(lowers "a () ,ut remains unchanged after t'e rea(t%&n (is not used )# () 2 (ii) to save ener*+,&ne+ + reason eg ,y allowing process to run at a lower temperature( ,y lowering "a () goes faster to save t%e( allows the process to run continuously () 2 (e) not enough time was allowed for the e6uili,rium to esta,lish( other products were formed () (f) two important catalysts- examples include iron in /a,er process( manufacture of ammonia vanadium(;) oxide in Contact process( manufacture of sulphuric acid nickel in hydrogenation of alkenes( manufacture of margarines phosphoric acid in the conversion ethene to ethanol en<yme( named en<yme with corresponding function =t(=d(.h in catalytic converter (any metal) >iegler catalyst in alkene any named acid (except nitric) in esterification <eolites( platinum in catalytic cracking 2 [13] 8. (a) (i) time less (1) " a lowered () 2 (ii) time less () more collisions( particles e"(eed E a () 2 (iii) time more () particles are f)rt'er a#art and therefore less (fre6uent) collisions () 2 (,) (i) no effect ,ecause it only increases rate of reaction () (ii) moves to 7/$( more 0 2 and / 2 ( less 0/ 3 () f&rward reaction is exothermic () 2 (iii) moves to 7/$ ( more 0 2 and / 2 ( less 0/ 3 () fewer moles on ./$ () 2 [11]