Clamper A circuit that adds a dc level to an ac voltage using diode and capacitive.

DC Power supply A circuit that converts ac line voltage to dc voltage and supplies constant power to
operate a circuit or system.
Filter in a power supply, the capacitor used to reduce the variation of the output voltage from the
rectifier.
Full wave rectifier a circuit that converts an ac sinusoidal input voltage into a pulsating dc voltage
with two output pulses occurring for each input cycle.
Half wave rectifier a circuit that converts an ac sinusoidal input voltage into a dc pulsating dc voltage
with one output pulse occurring for each input cycle.
Limiter a diode circuit that clips offs or removes part of a waveform above and/or below a specified
level.
Line regulation the change in output voltage of a regulator for a given change in input voltage,
normally expressed as a percentage.
Load regulation the change in output voltage of a regulator for a given range of load currents,
normally expressed as a percentage.
Peak inverse voltage (PIV) the maximum value of reverse voltage across a diode that occurs at the
peak of the input cycle when the diode is reverse biased.
Rectifier an electronic circuit that converts ac into pulsating dc.
Regulator an electronic device or circuit that maintains an essentially constant output voltage for a
range of input voltage or load values.
Ripple voltage a small variation in the dc output voltage of a filtered rectifier caused by the charging
and discharging of the capacitor.
Troubleshooting a systematic process of isolating, identifying, and correcting a fault in a circuit or
system.
Amplification the process of increasing the power, voltage, or current by electronic means.
Base one of the semiconductor regions of BJT that is very thin and lightly doped compared to the
other regions.
Beta the ratio of dc collector current to dc base current; current gain from base to collector.
BJT a transistor constructed with three doped semiconductor regions separated by two pn junctions.
Collector the largest of three semiconductor regions of a BJT.
Cutoff the non conducting state of a transistor.
Emitter the most heavily doped of the three semiconductor regions of a BJT
Gain the amount by which an electrical signal is increased or amplified.
Linear Region characterized by a straight line relationship of transistor currents.
Phototransistor a transistor on which base current is produced when light strikes photosensitive
semiconductor region.
Saturation the state of a BJT in which the collector current has reached a maximum and is
independent of the base current.