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Variable - is a symbol that stands for a value that may vary; the term usually occurs in
opposition to constant, which is a symbol for a non-varying value, i.e. completely fixed
or fixed in the context of use.
2. Quantitative Variable – Variables that have are measured on a numeric or quantitative
scale. Ordinal, interval and ratio scales are quantitative.
3. Qualitative variable – are variables with no natural sense of ordering. They are therefore
measured on a nominal scale.
4. Discrete Variable – is one that cannot take on all values within the limits of the variable.
For example, responses to a five-point rating scale can only take on the values 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5. The variable cannot have the value 1.7. A variable such as a person's height can
take on any value.
5. Continuous Variable – is one for which, within the limits the variable ranges, any value
is possible. is one for which, within the limits the variable ranges, any value is possible.
For example, the variable "Time to solve an anagram problem" is continuous since it
could take 2 minutes, 2.13 minutes etc. to finish a problem.
What are the scale of measurements? - is the assignment of numbers to objects or events in a
systematic fashion.
Graphs - where, for instance, sales values could be plotted against months.
Histograms - which look like towers of square buildings and are used to represent the
proportions of differing items e.g. sales of different commodities.
Pie charts - which are circles with different sections showing proportions , as with histograms
Spread sheets - on which sales or purchase or usage of differing commodities can be shown
against dates, months, years, and analysed in almost any way you want.
Bar charts - which show progress of work in different areas.
Critical path networks - which show how different operations interact with each other.
Simple tables - This can show all sorts of relationships.