13-58 I E S LIGHTING HANDBOOK

2000
RANGE IN FEET
FIG. 13-49. Range chart for searchlight-type signal-unit with part of a track
plan superimposed to show range of useful coverage.
signal. For convenience in using this method, signal manufacturing
companies have presented range charts on their various signal units with
a celluloid transparency on which is ruled a large number of representative
track curves which can be laid readily on top of the signal range charts.
(See Fig. 13-49.)
Lamps and Relation of Voltage to Beam Candlepower
Table 13-11 gives the 1,000-hour ratings, service ratings, and other
information relative to lamps used with searchlight-type color-light sig-
nals. The lamps are the precision, two-pin, candelabra-bayonet-base
type. The higher wattage lamps produce beams of high candlepower
even when burned at the recommended reduced voltage, thereby obtain-
ing average life well in excess of 1,000 hours. The table shows the aver-
age axial beam candlepower
obtained with lens combinations for each
lamp when burned at its recommended voltage.
Light Control and Optical
Considerations
It is important that signal-unit optical
systems be carefully selected and that each
signal unit be properly aligned so as to make
the most efficient use of the light available.
This is particularly important in daylight
signal indications but applies also to kerosene
burners and battery-operated lamps that give
night indications only.
A large variety of spreading and deflecting
types of lenses and auxiliary cover glasses are
in use for directing the rays toward the zone
where a signal must be seen. A deflecting
element is necessary to enable an engineer
at very close range to see a signal which is
mounted very high overhead, as in Fig. 13-45,
or to see a dwarf signal which is close to the
ground, as in Fig. 13-50. A deflecting or spread-
FIG. 13-50. Dwarf search-
m
~
eiement is necessary to provide visibility
light signal unit with up- , , , ,
i
ward deflecting roundels.
along a curved track approach.