13-20 IES LIGHTING HANDBOOK

A night-lighting circuit extending along the center line of the car ceiling
provides illumination for safe passage through the aisles and also permits
collection of tickets on overnight runs when the main general-lighting system
is not operated. Enclosing luminaires, either of the lens or diffusing type,
are employed as shown in Fig. 13-8.
Sleeping cars. The lighting of sleeping cars has undergone numerous
changes in recent years. Modern berth and bedroom arrangements call
for entirely different treatment, so far as lighting is concerned. Berth
lighting presents an extremely difficult problem in that satisfactory light
distribution must be provided for passengers reading in both reclined
and seated positions. Illumination
should be provided for two passen-
gers at each seat and at the same
time it should not produce glare
when viewed by passengers in other
sections of the car. The use of a
25-watt, inside-frosted, tubular lamp
operated behind a glass lens having
a circular diffusing area around it as
shown in Fig. 13-12 has been found
satisfactory. A small 6-watt, blue-
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bulb lamp also is provided in the
car is lighted by means ot adjustable
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wall-mounted luminaires with a direc-
fixture for night lighting,
tional distribution controlled by an ano-
dized aluminum reflector and convex
lens.
Bedroom lighting is accomplished by similar tubular lens-type luminaires
located directly above the head of the bed. General illumination through-
out the room is supplied from round lens-type luminaires, mounted flush
with ceiling surface. Fifty-watt, inside-frosted, incandescent-filament
lamps are used.
In some recently built cars 20 to 25 footcandles of general illumination
is provided by a centrally located luminous element lighted by instant-
starting fluorescent lamps.
Power sources. Most railway passenger cars are equipped w
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ith a d-c
generator, which is either belt or gear driven by one of the car wheel axles.
Lead or nickel-iron storage batteries are floated on the line to provide
stand-by power when the car is not in motion. Nominal voltages are
30, 60, or 115 volts. These voltages are maintained within narrow limits
by means of a "lamp regulator."
The output of such generating systems ranges from 2 to 20 kilowatts.
Typical schematic diagrams are shown in Fig. 13-13.
In some instances power may be supplied by what is termed a head-end
system. In a head-end system a generator located on the locomotive
energizes a circuit extending the length of the entire train. A three-wire
loop system usually is required to balance the voltage throughout the train.