Antenna Selection Aspects for LTE Antenna Selection Aspects for LTE

Aamir Habib
J une12, 2008
contact email: aamir.habib@nt.tuwien.ac.at
MIMO LAB
Outline
3GPP LTE Features
MIMO in LTE
Baseband Channel Processing in LTE
Antenna Selection Methods for LTE
Algorithms for Antenna Selection Algorithms for Antenna Selection
Simulation Results
Effects of Non-Idealities
22
What is LTE
3GPP LTE (L T E l ti ) i th i t j t 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project
within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS
mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements
Goals include improving efficiency, lowering costs, improving
services, making use of new spectrum opportunities, and better , g p pp ,
integration with other open standards
The LTE project is not a standard, but it will result in the new evolved
release 8 of the UMTS standard, including mostly or wholly
extensions and modifications of the UMTS system
33
LTE Key Features & Parameters
44
MIMO Basics
55
Overview of downlink physical channel processing.
66
Overview of uplink physical channel processing.
77
LTE DL
88
Antenna Selection
Drawback of MIMO is the increase in the overall system Drawback of MIMO is the increase in the overall system
complexity and hence cost
Antenna elements and signal processing becomes
cheaper but RF elements dont cheaper but RF elements dont
MIMO system with M
t
and M
r
antennas require complete
RF chains at the T
x
and R
x
including LNAs, converters
and A/Ds
Antenna selection algorithms select best subset out of full
t d l d ith f l antennas deployed with some performance loss
99
Joint Antenna Selection System
MIMO system with antenna selection both at Tx and Rx MIMO system with antenna selection both at Tx and Rx
10 10
Antenna Selection for LTE
Considerable work has appeared in the literature on AS, pp ,
its capacity, diversity benefits, and selection criteria.
However one critical aspect that has received little However, one critical aspect that has received little
attention is training, through which the channel states of
all antennas are determined in order to select the best
antenna(s). ( )
11 11
AS for LTE(Reference signals)
The LTE standard defines two pilots for the uplink:
Demodulation pilot(Demodulation Reference Signal), which is
used for accurate channel estimation for coherent demodulation used for accurate channel estimation for coherent demodulation
and is transmitted in the subcarriers assigned to a user, and
Wideband sounding pilot(Sounding Reference Signal), which
occupies the entire system bandwidth (e.g., 5 MHz). Through it,
the base station determines the full frequency response of each
user's current channel and performs frequency-domain scheduling p q y g
to get high cell throughput.
Th fi t i i t d ith th PUSCH PUCCH The first one is associated with the PUSCH or PUCCH
Signal generated from same base sequences (Zadoff-Chu)
12 12
Reference Signals
13 13
AS for LTE
Using the sounding pilot transmitted at regular intervals
for AS training enables the base station to also do joint
frequency-domain scheduling and antenna selection.
This method for antenna selection is extremely robust to
the higher levels of interference, which the wideband
sounding reference signal is expected to encounter.
14 14
AS Method Transmit Selection
UE transmits pilot tones(CQI) from a set of available
transmit antennas on PUCCH or PUSCH
BS estimates the channels
Selects an optimal subset according to some criteria
Feedback the info to the UE via PDSCH Feedback the info to the UE via PDSCH
UE uses this subset for subsequent transmission
AS can be Periodic or on demand(Notification)
A T i i d S l i i TTI Antenna Training and Selection in one TTI
Antenna Training and Selection between TTIs
15 15
g
Tx-Rx Path and Feedback Information Flow
16 16
Antenna Selection Algorithms
Select a goodMIMO subchannel Select a good MIMO subchannel
Retain diversity order with some loss in array gain(mean SNR gain)
Complexity of antenna selection determined by the number of MIMO
subchannels
M M

t r
t r
M M
L L



Exhaustive search over all possible combinations of R
x
& T
x
antennas
for one that gives the maximum capacity of system
e.g Antennas: M
t
=M
r
=16 and RF-Channels: L
t
= L
r
=4
T t l bi ti (5460 5460) 2 98 10
7
Total combinations (5460x5460) = 2.98x10
7
17 17
Antenna Selection Algorithms
h h
H
Correlation based method
j i
h h
h h
j i
j i
j i
=
,

Norm based method

= =
t
N
r ki k
N k h C
2
,......, 3 , 2 , 1
= i 1
Singular Value based method
argmaxmin
I i
i
b =
Eigen Value Ratio based method
min
argmax
max
i i
II
i
i
b

=
i
18 18
Antenna Selection Algorithms
Capacity based(Optimum)

) HH + det(I log = C
H
Nr 2 full
N

) H
~
H
~
+ I det( log max = C
H
Nr 2
) H
~
S(
select
Euclidean Distance based

) ( g
Nr 2 full
t
N

) ( g
Nr 2
) H S(
select
t
N
2
2
min
, ,
( )
: min
i j i j
p i j
s s S s s
H s s
d
M

=
j j
Where S is the set of all transmitted vectors
H
p
denotes the M
r
X L
T
submatrix corresponding to antenna subset p
For every subset of transmit antennas p compute
2
min
d
choose the subset with largest
2
min
d
19 19
Simulation Parameters
Number of Tx Antennas 2, Number of Rx Antennas 4
N b f R RF b h i 3 2 Number of Rx RF branches is 3 or 2
Gray-Coded 4 QAM modulation
Spatial Multiplexing(V-BLAST)
Transmit power normalized
Channel Coefficients are Gaussian, i.i.d with zero mean
20000 channel realizations
Perfect synchronization assumed
20 20
4AS2MLBER
10
0
BER

2x2NAS
RSM
FRO
CBM
EUC
2x3NAS
OCA
2x4NAS
10
-1
B
E
R
SVM
EVR
10
-2
B
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
10
-3
SNR [dB]

21 21
4AS3MLBER
BER Plots
10
0
BER Plots

CBM
EVR
FRO
RSM RSM
SVM
2x4NAS
2x3NAS
2x2NAS
OCA
10
-1
B
E
R
OCA
EUC
10
-2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
10
-3
SNR [dB]

22 22
4AS2ZFBER
10
0
BER

2x2NAS
EVR
FRO
RSM
2x4NAS
2x3NAS
CBM
OCA
10
-1
B
E
R
EUC
SVM
10
-2
B
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
10
-3
SNR [dB]

23 23
4AS3ZFBER
BER Plots
10
0
BER Plots

CBM
EVR
FRO
RSM
SVM
2x4NAS
2x3NAS
2x2NAS
10
-1
B
E
R
2x2NAS
OCA
10
-2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
10
-3
SNR [dB]

24 24
4AS2ML Capacity Plots
Capacity Plots
16
18
Capacity Plots

EVR
FRO
RSM
12
14
b
p
s
SVM
2x2NAS
2x4NAS
2x3NAS
8
10
e

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

C

i
n

b
2x3NAS
CBM
EUC
OCA
6
8
1
0
%

O
u
t
a
g
e
2
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
SNR [dB]

25 25
Effect of Non-ideal RF switches
Attenuation and additional noise in the receiver
Switching delay g y
Different transfer functions have different input and output
port combinations
26 26
Thank You
27 27