Lovely Professional University

Department of CA
Design Problem 2

Homework Title/No: Course Code: CAP553

Course Instructor: Sr. Lect. Ginnia Kakkar Course Tutor (if applicable): NA
Date of Allotment: Date of submission:
Student’s Roll Number: Section No.:

Declaration:
I declare that this assignment is my individual work. I have not copied from any other student’s
work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made explicitly in the text, nor has
any part been written for me by another person.

Student’s Sign:

Evaluator’s Comments:
___________________________________________________

Marks obtained: ____________ out of __________________

 Design Problem 2

CAP553: NETWORK MANAGEMENT

Date of Allocation: 10-Nov-09 Date of Submission: 03-Dec-09

Problem:

An organization Patterson Software Solutions Ltd need to set up a network for its company. The company
would be setting up a network to connect its various departments using 4 routers:
Router_HR with 2 hosts
Router_Production with 3 hosts
Router_MaintenanceCenter with 2 hosts
Router_Research with 2 hosts

The organization has decided to use Class A addressing with network address 16.0.0.0.

Expectations:

1. Configure the network using valid subnet mask. List out the IP addresses that can be assigned to the
hosts and the router interfaces. (2)

2. Define Static routes for the network and verify with appropriate commands that routes are
configured properly. List out the routes created.
(5)

3. Enable RIP protocol on the network to generate routing table dynamically.

(4)
4. Configure router with EIGRP on the network and list out the routes created.
(4)

5. Can this network be configured now with OSPF routing protocol. If yes, configure the network and
list out the routes generated.
(5)
Expectations
Configure the network using valid subnet mask. List out the IP addresses that can be assigned to the hosts
and the router interfaces

Subnet mask
As the ip address is given to us that is 16.0.0.0 .this is class A address so the mask for class A can vary from 8
to 31.we take mask 24 that is 255.255.255.0
Assing ip address to host
1) select first host that is pc1
2) Click on it then the host a window will appear in front of you. like fig 1
Fig 1
3) Now click on desktop tab .then a new window will appear.
4) This window contain options like
  Ip address
 Dial up
 Terminal
 Command prompt
 Web browser
 Pc wireless
5) Select ip address from these options then a window will appear .in which enter
 Ip address
 Subnet mask
 Default gateway
As we are assigning ip address to pc1 we will enter the ip address of pc1.the mask is common mask
which is decided for the network. The default gateway is the passage from which the packets will come and
to to other routers.
6) by this the ip address will be assigned to the host.
7) We will follow same procedure to assign ip address to other hosts.
Fig2
The ip address for other hosts are as:

HOST IP ADDRESS SUBNET MASK DEFAULT GATEWAY

H0 16.0.10.5 255.255.255.0 16.0.10.1
H1 16.0.20.5 255.255.255.0 16.0.20.1
H2 16.0.50.5 255.255.255.0 16.0.50.1
H3 16.0.60.5 255.255.255.0 16.0.60.1
H4 16.0.70.5 255.255.255.0 16.0.70.1
H5 16.0.90.5 255.255.255.0 16.0.90.1
H6 16.0.100.5 255.255.255.0 16.0.100.1
H7 16.0.110.5 255.255.255.0 16.0.110.1
H8 16.0.120.5 255.255.255.0 16.0.120.1

Assign ip address to interfaces:

1) Click on the router0 the window will appear .from this window click on CLI tab.
2) The command prompt will display.
3) Execute following commands to assign ip address to the interface.
Router_HR >enable
Router_HR #configure terminal
Router_HR (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router_HR (config-if)#no shutdown
Router_HR (config-if)#ip address 16.0.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router_HR (config-if)#
Router_HR (config-if)#exit
Router_HR (config)#interface FastEthernet1/0
Router_HR (config-if)#no shutdown
Router_HR (config-if)#ip address 16.0.20.1 255.255.255.0
Router_HR (config-if)#
Router_HR (config-if)#exit
Router_HR (config)#interface Serial2/0
Router_HR (config-if)#no shutdown
Router_HR (config-if)#clock rate 1300000
Router_HR (config-if)#ip address 16.0.30.1 255.255.255.0
Router_HR (config-if)#
Router_HR (config-if)#exit
The following tables will show the ip address of interfaces corresponding to each router:
ROUTER0:
INTERFACE IP ADDRESS SUMNETMASK
fe0/0 16.0.10.1 255.255.255.0
fe1/0 16.0.20.1 255.255.255.0
S2/0 16.0.30.1 255.255.255.0

ROUTER1:
INTERFACE IP ADDRESS SUMNETMASK
fe0/0 16.0.50.1 255.255.255.0
fe1/0 16.0.60.1 255.255.255.0
Fe6/0 16.0.70.1 255.255.255.0
S2/0 16.0.30.2 255.255.255.0
S4/0 16.0.40.1 255.255.255.0

ROUTER2:
INTERFACE IP ADDRESS SUMNETMASK
fe0/0 16.0.90.1 255.255.255.0
fe1/0 16.0.100.1 255.255.255.0
S2/0 16.0.40.2 255.255.255.0
S3/0 16.0.80.1 255.255.255.0
ROUTER3:
INTERFACE IP ADDRESS SUMNETMASK
fe0/0 16.0.110.1 255.255.255.0
fe1/0 16.0.120.1 255.255.255.0
S2/0 16.0.80.2 255.255.255.0
Now the network will be as:
Define Static routes for the network and verify with appropriate commands that routes are configured
properly. List out the routes created

Static routing:
With static routing, you, as the administrator, manually enter the routes and tell the router, for each
IP network, what next hop that traffic should be delivered to.

Positive aspects of static routing

1 There is no overhead for using static routes. With dynamic routes, network bandwidth is used to
communicate available networks between routers. With static routes, as the network administrator hard
codes these routes on the routers, the routers never need to communicate routing information.
2 Static routes can be easier to configure if you have a small network. Let's say that I have only two routers
and need to configure routing between them. I would need to configure only two route statements, one on
each router. With a dynamic routing protocol like RIP, I would have to enter two network statements on
each router.
3 Static routes could be considered more secure. Because you aren't learning any routes from any other
routers over the network, there is no chance that an incorrect or unsecured route will be learned by your
router.
4 Static routes don't request any router resources. A dynamic routing protocol like OSPF can require
significant resources from the router to calculate the shortest path across the network when there are many
routers. However, you wouldn't want to use static routes when there are many routers anyway (see
negatives of using static routing).

When do you use static routes?

 • When you have a small network with fewer than five routers that isn't planning on growing any
larger.
• When you have a medium-sized network where all routers connect back to a single router (hub-and-
spoke topology). In this case, you could use a default route on all remote routers and have those
routers all go through the host (maybe they all need Internet access). No matter how many networks
were added at the host, no more routes would have to be created.
• When you need to create a route from one router to another device quickly. Perhaps you add a new
firewall to your network or maybe you are connecting to a partner's network and don't want to
exchange routing protocol traffic with them.

In summary, as a network administrator, you should be familiar with how and when to use static routes.
The ip route statement creates a static route. Static routes should be used in limited application but are very
necessary in many network configurations

Steps to configure static routes:

1) click on the router. The window will appear.
2) Select the config tab and from the routing options select the static.
3) Then you will see the window with
Network :the network with which we want to connect.
Mask: the subnet mask.
Next nope: the gateway through which the packet will go.
4) Fill them and click on add. The static rout for the router will be created.

The screen shorts corresponding to each router are as follow:

 Router-HR

Fill this
To define the information to
static routes . Create static
routes.

We can also
write these
commands on
the cli to create
static routes
 Routing table entries.
contain both directly
connected or connected
by administrator

Router-Production:
here first is the n/w
address, /24 is the
subnet mask and other
is the interface address
S means
Connected
statically

C means
Connected
directly
Router-Maintanancecenter:
Directly
connected
Router –Research:
n/w address
and number of
subnets
 First click on the
Pinging PC8 and PC6 fromPC0: host and select the
click and type
command.

Reply after
pinging
 Enable RIP protocol on the network to generate routing table dynamically:

RIP is a dynamic, distance vector routing protocol was developed for smaller IP based networks. RIP uses
UDP port 520 for route updates. RIP calculates the best route based on hop count. Like all distance vector
routing protocols, RIP takes some time to converge. While RIP requires less CPU power and RAM than
some other routing protocols, RIP does have some limitations:

Metric: Hop Count

Since RIP calculates the best route to a destination based solely on how many hops it is to the
destination network, RIP tends to be inefficient in network using more than one LAN protocol, such
as Fast Ethernet and serial or Token Ring. This is because RIP prefers paths with the shortest hop
count. The path with the shortest hop count might be over the slowest link in the network.

Hop Count Limit

RIP cannot handle more than 15 hops. Anything more than 15 hops away is considered unreachable
by RIP. This fact is used by RIP to prevent routing loop.

Classful Routing Only

RIP is a classful routing protocol. RIP cannot handle classless routing. RIP v1 advertises all networks
it knows as classful networks, so it is impossible to subnet a network properly via VLSM if you are
running RIP v1, which

However, it must be pointed out that RIP is the only routing protocol that all routing devices and software
support, so in a mixed equipment environment, RIP may be your only option for dynamic routing. This is
changing with the widespread use of OSPF.
RIP ROUTING UPDATES

Routers running IP RIP broadcast the full list of all the routes they know every 30 seconds. When a router
running RIP hears a broadcast it runs the distance vector algorithm to create a list of best routes.

RIP TIMERS
TIMER DEFAULT CONTROLS
Update 30 sec. Interval between route update advertisements
Hold-
90 sec. Period a route is withdrawn from the table to prevent a routing loop.
Down
Interval a route should stay 'live' in the routing table. This counter is reset every time
Timeout 180 sec.
the router hears an update for this route.
Flush 120 sec. How long to wait to delete a route after it has timed out.

The routing-update timer controls the time between routing updates. Default is usually 30 seconds, plus a
small random delay to prevent all RIP routers from sending updates simultaneously.
Configure router dynamically using RIP:

1) First disable the satic routes the commands

2) First select the router and click on it.

 3) Then the window will appear select config tab and from it select rip .
4) Now a window will appears then enter the network address in it.

The screen shorts corresponding to each router as:

Router-HR
 Fill this
information of
Of the network
Select RIP In it.

We can also
write these
commands on
the cli to create
routes
Routing table entries.
contain both directly
connected or connected
by RIP
Router-Production:

We can also
write these
commands on
the cli to create
routes
R means
Connected by
RIP

C means
Connected
directly

Router-Maintanancecenter:
Directly
connected
Router –Research:
n/w address
and number of
subnets
 First click on the
Pinging PC5 and PC8 fromPC0: host and select the
click and type
command.

Reply after
pinging
 Configure router with EIGRP on the network and list out the routes created.

What do you need to know about EIGRP?

Before you configure EIGRP, there are some things you should know about it first. Here they are:

• EIGRP is the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.

• EIGRP is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol based on their original Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.
EIGRP can only be used on networks where all routers are Cisco routers.
• The administrative distance for EIGRP is 90 and 170 for internal and external EIGRP, respectively.

What features does EIGRP offer?

• Automatic redistribution of routes between IGRP and EIGRP.

• Ability to turn off and on EIGRP and IGRP on individual interfaces of the router.
• Fast network convergence thanks to EIGRP's DUAL algorithm (convergence is when all routers know about
all the networks that every other router is offering).
• Incremental Updates that save network bandwidth and speed convergence.
• Reduced router CPU load, as compared to IGRP.
• EIGRP uses neighbor discovery to find and keep track of neighboring routers. Neighbor discovery uses
multicast IP and is not tied to whether or not the the IP network is properly configured.
• EIGRP prevents routing loops on the network
• Supports variable length subnet masks (VLSM)
• Automatic Route Summarization

Steps to configure EIGRP:

1) first select the router and click on it.
 2) Select the CLI tab
3) The command prompt will appear. now type the following command to create roots dynamically
by using EIGRP.
4) The commands are as
Router_HR >enable
Router_HR #config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router_HR (config)#router eigrp 1
Router_HR (config-router)#network 16.0.0.0
Router_HR (config-router)#^Z

The screens are as:

Router-HR
Enabling EIGRP
on the n/w using
commands.
 Routing table entries.
contain both directly
connected or connected
by EIGRP shown by D

THE REST SCREEN SHORTS ARE SAME FOR OTHER ROUTERS ALSO.
 First click on the
Pinging PC5 and PC8 fromPC0: host and select the
click and type
command.

Reply after
pinging
 Can this network be configured now with OSPF routing protocol. If yes, configure the network and
list out the routes generated.

Yes, we can configure now with OSPF. But before it we have to the EIGRP the reason behind it is the
AD of EIGRP is less , so it will be preferred. so to use OSPF at this point require the disabling of
EIGRP. we can disable it using command:
Router (config)#no router eigrp 1
OSPF
The OSPF dynamic routing protocol is probably the most popular LAN routing protocol today. OSPF can scale to
the largest LANs but can also start out small. While OSPF can be complex to configure, its basic configuration
isn't difficult. Let's learn how to configure OSPF in the Cisco IOS.

What features does OSPF offer?

OSPF offers the following features, that are found in a number of routing protocols:

• A standards-based routing protocol that works is very interoperable between different vendors routers and
firewalls
• Supports variable length subnet masks (VLSM), making it a classless routing protocols
• Authentication of routing updates are supported
• Route redistribution is supported between different routing protocols
• OSPF works well in point to point and point to multipoint, broadcast or non-broadcast configurations
• OSPF also offers a number of OSPF-specific features such as stub areas, virtual links, and OSPF on demand
circuits.

Steps to configure OSPF:

 1) Disable EIGRP
2) select the router and click on it.
3) Select the CLI tab
4) The command prompt will appear. now type the following command to create roots dynamically
by using OSPF
5) The commands are as

Router_Mainten(config)#router ospf 1
Router_Mainten(config-router)#network 16.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Router_Mainten(config-router)#^Z

The screens are as:

Router-HR
Enabling OSPF
on the n/w using
commands.
 Routing table entries.
contain both directly
connected or connected
by OSPF shown by O

THE REST SCREEN SHORTS ARE SAME FOR OTHER ROUTERS ALSO.
First click on the
Pinging PC5 and PC8 fromPC0: host and select the
click and type
command.
Reply after
pinging