TAJWEED RULES

PREFACE

Assalamu alaikum. Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the version (Dated: 6th February 2008) of this
work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We don’t claim to be an expert in this area but we have
tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books. We believe that this material would be
useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this
material, we have referred to the following books:
1. Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sifyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers,
Chennai, India. [In Tamil]
2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi,
Pakistan. [In English]
.3 ‫ﻋّﺰت ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﻟﺪﻋﺎس‬, ‫ﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ‬
ّ ‫ﻓ‬, Dar Ibn Hajam, Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic]
4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-Qasim Publishing House, Jeddah. [In English]

We ask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or
comments for further improvement. We acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of
this document. May Allah reward them all, aameen.
Please remember us and our parents in your prayers.

Contact Email: mibuhari@yahoo.com

Contact Address:
M.I. Seyed Mohamed Buhari,
24-E, Mohideen Street,
Kayalpatnam – 628 204.
Tamil Nadu. INDIA.
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 ‫ﺠﻮﻳﺪ‬‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ‬
RULES OF TAJWEED

‫ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬
PLACES OF ARTICULATION
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‬
RULES OF RULES OF
LETTERS STOPPING

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻴﺸﻮﻡ‬

UVULAR NASAL CAVITY
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬ CONSONANTS (NASALIZATION)
RULES OF MADD ASSIMILATION
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ‬
STOPPING AND ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬
INITIATION ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻴﺔ‬ PHARYNGEAL
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ‬ INTER-DENTAL (THROAT)
QALQALAH CONSONANTS

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﺜﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩﺗﲔ‬ PUNCTUATION LABIAL (LIP)
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬ ALVEO-DENTAL
MUSHADDAD NOON MARKS CONSONANTS
RULES OF LAAM
AND MEEM

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬

DENTAL PALATAL
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ‬ CONSONANTS CONSONANTS
RULES OF RAA

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻟﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ MOLAR ALVEOLAR
NOON SAKINAH AND RULES OF MEEM TONGUE CONSONANTS
TANWEEN SAKINAH

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 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬
THE RULES OF LETTERS

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬
RULES OF RULES OF RULES OF MEEM RULES OF NOON RULES OF
ASSIMILATION MADD SAKINAH SAKINAH AND TANWEEN LAAM

‫ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﲔ‬ ITH-HAAR SHAFAWI ITH-HAAR ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬
IDENTICAL LAAM OF
DERIVED MADD
LETTERS VERB
‫ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺪ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬ IDGHAAM SHAFAWI IDGHAAM
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﲔ‬ NATURAL MADD
SAME PLACE OF
‫ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻻﻡ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ‬
ARTICULATION
IKHFAA SHAFAWI IKHFAA LAAM JALALAH

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﻼﺏ‬
CLOSE PLACE OF IQLAAB
ARTICULATION

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
LAAM TA'RIF
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬
THE RULES OF LETTERS [Contd ...]

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﻳﺔ‬

LAAM LAAM
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩﺗﲔ‬ SHAMSIYYAH QAMARIYYAH
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ‬
RULES OF RULES OF
RULES OF RAA
QALQALAH MUSHADDAD NOON
AND MEEM

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 WAYS TO START RECITING
SURAHS

PERMITTED WAYS
TO RECITE

READ ‫ﻮﺫ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬, ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬ READ ‫ﻮﺫ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬SEPARATELY.

READ ‫ﻮﺫ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬, ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND READ ‫ﻮﺫ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬, ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND
JOINTLY AND ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ THEN ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬SEPARATELY ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬JOINTLY
SEPARATELY JOINTLY

WAYS OF RECITING SURAHS

CONTINUOUSLY

WAY NOT
PERMITTED WAYS
PERMITTED TO
TO RECITE
RECITE

READ CURRENT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬, READ CURRENT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬,

READ CURRENT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬,
‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND NEXT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬
SEPARATELY
READ CURRENT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND NEXT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬JOINTLY AND
SEPARATELY. THEN ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬
JOINTLY NEXT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬
AND NEXT ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬JOINTLY
SEPARATELY

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 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬
RULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN

ٍ ً‫ـ ـ‬
‫ـ‬ ٌ , ‫ﹾﻥ‬
NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN

‫ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬

ITH-HAAR IKHFAA IQLAAB IDGHAAM

(USE NOSE) (CONVERT ‫ ﻥ‬OR

(READ CLEARLY) (Assimilation of one
TANWEEN TO ‫)ﻡ‬
letter into another)
‫ﻑ ﻅﻁﺽﺹﺵﺱﺯﺫﺩﺝﺙﺕ‬
‫ﻍﻉﺥﺡﻩﺀ‬ ‫ﻥﻭﻝﻡﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻙﻕ‬ ‫ﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻥ‬‫ﺄﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ ﻳ‬, ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻮﹲﻝ ﺃِﻣﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻬﻠﹸ‬‫ﺠ‬

 ‫ﻡ ﺗ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ ﻗﹶ‬, ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﻌﻠﹸ‬‫ﹾﻔ‬‫ﻦ ﺗ‬‫ﻟﹶ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬‫ﺼﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺮﺍ ﺑ‬‫ﺧﺒِﻴ‬ , ‫ﻌﺪ‬‫ﻦ ﺑ‬‫ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬ OR ‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬

Exceptions in Idghaam:
1. Idghaam does not apply in one word [‫ ﻳﺲ‬and ‫] ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻏﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻏﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ‬ (With Stress)
(Without Stress)
‫ﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻄﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻥﻡﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻝﺭ‬
2. Idghaam does not apply if there is sakta between the words
ٍ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻭﻗِﻴ‬
‫ﻕ‬

3. If ‫ ﻭ‬OR ‫ ﻱ‬appears in same word after ‫ ْﻥ‬, Read clearly (‫)ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣ ْﻴ ٌﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻏ ُﻔ ْﻮ ٌر َر‬
َ,‫ﻚ‬َ ‫ﻦ َﻟ ُﺪ ْﻧ‬
ْ ‫ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻭﻟﹶِﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻫ‬ , ‫ﻭﺍٍﻝ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺭِﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ ﹶﻏﹸﻔ‬, ‫ﻚ‬  ‫ﺪﻧ‬‫ﻦ ﻟﹶ‬‫ِﻣ‬
‫ﻮﺍﹲﻥ‬‫ﺎ ﻗِﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺩﻧ‬ 5
 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬
RULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER MEEM SAKINAH

‫ﻡ‬
MEEM SAKINAH

‫ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺷﻔﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺷﻔﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺷﻔﻮﻱ‬

ITH-HAAR SHAFAWI IKHFAA SHAFAWI IDGHAAM SHAFAWI

(READ CLEARLY) (USE NOSE, WITH ‫ﻣﻊ ﻏﻨﺔ‬

STRESS) (With Stress)
OTHER LETTERS
EXCEPT ‫ﻡ & ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻡ‬

‫ﺮ‬‫ﻢ ﺗ‬‫ﺃﻟﹶ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻢ ﺑِِﻬ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﷲ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﻛﻠﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ِﻣﻨ‬

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩﺗﲔ‬

RULES OF MUSHADDAD NOON
AND MEEM

READ ‫ ﹼﻥ‬AND ‫ﻡ‬ WITH STRESS,

EVEN WHILE STOPPING

For Noon Shaddah: ‫ﺟﺎﱞﻥ‬ , ‫ﺎﺱ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ِﺔ‬‫ﳉﻨ‬

ِ ‫ﻦ ﺍ‬‫ِﻣ‬

For Meem Shaddah: ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ ﻟﹶ‬, ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛﹸ‬

6
 RULES FOR READING QALQALAH CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR WITH
SUKUN: READ WITH ECHO SOUND

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ‬
QALQALAH

‫ﻗﻄﺐ ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﻛﱪ ﻯ‬
‫ﺻﻐﺮﻯ‬
[STRONG ECHO]
[WEAK ECHO]
IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH
IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH
CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN
CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN APPEARS
APPEARS AT THE END OF A WORD
IN THE MIDDLE OF A WORD
AND WHEN WE STOP AT IT

‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪﺍ‬‫ِﻣﹾﻘ‬  ‫ﺜﹶﺎ‬‫ِﻣﻴ‬
‫ﻕ‬

7
 ‫ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
RULES OF IDGHAAM

‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬
IDGHAAM

IF SUKUN IS FOLLOWED
BY ِ- OR ُ- OR َ-

‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﲔ‬

MUTAMAATHILAIN MUTAQARIBAIN MUTAJANISAIN

IF THE SUKUN LETTER IF THE SUKUN LETTER

IF THE SUKUN LETTER
AND THE NEXT LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER
AND THE NEXT LETTER
ARE DIFFERENT BUT ARE DIFFERENT BUT
ARE SAME
WITH CLOSE-BY ORIGIN WITH SAME ORIGIN

‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﺒ‬
ِ ‫ﻐﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﻫ‬‫ﺇِﹾﺫ ﱠﺫ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﹸﹾﻞ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺇِﹾﺫ ﱠﻇﻠﹶ‬

Exceptions in Idhgaam:There will be no merger

1. If both identical letters are with harakah
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻤِﻌِﻬ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ِ‫ﺐ ﺑ‬
 ‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶﺫ‬ If the letters of Madd are Leen letters [‫ ﻱ‬or ‫ﻭ‬
preceeded by fathah], then there will be a complete
2. If both letters are letters of Madd [ ‫ ﻭ‬and ‫] ﻱ‬ merger without nasalization
‫ﺼﺎﺭﻯ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﻭﹶﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ِ‫ ﺑ‬is pronounced as ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﻮﹶﻛَﺎﻧ‬‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬

3. If there is a sakta between two identical letters

 ‫ﻫﻠﹶ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻣﺎﻟِﻴ‬
‫ﻚ‬
8
 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ‬
RULES FOR READING 'RAA' DUE TO CHARACTERS OR HARAKAH THAT APPEAR
ON OR BEFORE OR AFTER IT

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ‬
RULES OF 'RAA'

BOTH TYPE
‫ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ‬
STRONG &
STRONG SOFT
SOFT

1. RAA WITH KASRAH OR KASRATAIN [ ‫ ِﺭ‬, ‫] ٍﺭ‬

1. RAA WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR FATHATAIN OR
DHAMMATAIN [ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ] 2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ‫ﺭ‬, ‫ﺭ‬ ]
2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ]
3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS EITHER 3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH
WITH DHAMMAH OR FATHAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ُ‫ ـ‬, ‫ﺭ‬ َ‫]ـ‬ KASRAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ِ‫]ـ‬
4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH
SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH FATHAH 4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH
OR DHAMMAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ْ‫ ـُ ـ‬, ‫ﺭ‬ ْ‫]ـَ ـ‬ SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH
5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH KASRAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ْ‫] ـِ ـ‬
TRUE KASRAH AND THE LETTER AFTER RAA IS ANYONE OF
THESE CHARACTERS (‫ )ﻕ ﻅ ﻁ ﻍ ﺽ ﺹ ﺥ‬CALLED AS ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ‬ 5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS ‫ﻱ‬
6. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH
TEMPORARY KASRAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ِ‫] ﺍ‬ FATHAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
 َ‫] ـ‬
6. THE WORD ‫ﳎﺮﻫﺎ‬

1. ‫ﺮﻕ‬ِ‫ ﻓ‬-- PREFER SOFT

 ‫ﺮ‬‫ ﺑ‬, ‫ﺮ‬‫ ِﺳ‬, ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺭﺑ‬
‫ﻕ‬  ّ‫ﺩِﺭ‬ , ‫ﺟﺎﹲﻝ‬‫ِﺭ‬
‫ﻱ‬
2. ‫ ﺍﻟِﻘﹾﻄﺮ‬-- PREFER SOFT
‫ﻀﻰ‬‫ﺭﺗ‬ِ‫ ﺍ‬, ‫ﺮﻗﹶَﹲﺔ‬ِ‫ ﻓ‬, ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ ﺍﹶﻟﹾﹶﻘ‬, ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﹶﻟﹾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧﻴ‬ , ‫ﺠﺮ‬
 ‫ ِﺣ‬, ‫ﺭ‬‫ِﺬ‬‫ﺍﹶﻧ‬
9
3. ‫ﺼﺮ‬
 ‫ ِﻣ‬-- PREFER STRONG
 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬
RULES FOR READING LAAM

‫ﻻﻡ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ‬

LAAM IN THE WORD ‫ﺍﷲ‬ LAAM IN WORDS
OTHER THAN ‫ﺍﷲ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ‬
SOFT
‫ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ‬
STRONG SOFT

‫ ـَ ﺍﷲ‬OR ‫ـُ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ـ ِ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ ﹸﻛﻠﱡ‬, ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻭﻟﱠ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬

IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAH IF KASRAH APPEARS

APPEARS BEFORE ‫ﺍﷲ‬ BEFORE ‫ﺍﷲ‬

‫ﺩ ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺃ‬, ‫ﻪ ﺍﷲ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺭﻓﹶ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﷲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬

 ‫ ﺍﹶﻟﹾ‬, ‫ﺴِﻢ ﺍﷲ‬
 ِ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
LAAM OF VERB
‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
LAAM TA'RIF

READING LAAM WITH OTHER

CHARACTERS Pronounced as ‫ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬, if at Pronounced as ‫ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬, if
the beginning or middle of followed by raa or laam
the verb
‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﻳﺔ‬
LAAM SHAMSIYYAH LAAM QAMARIYYAH
LAAM IS NOT LAAM IS ‫ﺎ‬‫ﹶﻘﺘ‬‫ِﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓِﺌﹶﺘ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺭﻓﹶ‬ ‫ﹾﻞ‬‫ ﺑ‬is pronounced as
PRONOUNCED PRONOUNCED ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮﻓﹶ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌﻠﹾﻨ‬‫ﺟ‬ , ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﹸﻠﹾﻨ‬

‫ﻥﻝﻅﻁﺽﺹﺵﺱﺯﺭﺫﺩﺙﺕ‬ ‫ﺀﻱﻩﻭﻡﻙﻕﻑﻍﻉﺥﺡﺝﺏ‬ Exception: No Idghaam if

there is sakata

‫ﻮﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﱡﻄ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺍﹶﻟﹾﺒ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﹾﻞ‬‫ﻼ ﺑ‬
‫ﹶﻛ ﱠ‬
10
 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‬
RULES FOR READING ALIF

READING ALIF

‫ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ‬
STRONG SOFT

IF CHARACTERS OTHER
IF ANYONE OF THE ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ‬
THAN ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ‬
CHARACTERS (‫)ﻕ ﻅ ﻁ ﻍ ﺽ ﺹ ﺥ‬
CHARACTERS APPEAR
APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READ
BEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF
ALIF STRONGLY
SOFTLY

‫ﻋﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻰ‬

11
 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺪ‬
RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [1]

‫ ـَ ﺍﹾ‬, ‫ﻱ‬
 ِ‫ ـ‬, ‫ﻭ‬ ُ‫ـ‬

RULES OF MADD

1. MADD SHOULD NOT BE

FOLLOWED BY SUKUN [ ْ‫]ـ‬
OR HAMZAH [‫]ﺀ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻣ‬
2. READ AS ONE ALIF NATURAL MADD DERIVED MADD
3. OTHER NAMES: 'JAATI'
OR 'TABAYI'

‫ﺪ ﺑﺪﻝ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻋﻮﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬
MADD BADAL MADD IWADH MADD SHOULD BE
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭﺗِﻴ‬‫ﺍﹸ‬ FOLLOWED BY SUKUN
MADD LETTER IS ALIF REPLACES [ ْ‫ ] ـ‬OR HAMZAH [‫]ﺀ‬
PRECEEDED BY FATHATAIN WHEN
HAMZAH ONE STOPS ON IT

‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﻭﺗ‬‫ ﺍﹸ‬, ‫ ﺇﳝﺎﻥ‬, ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ ﺃﻓﹾ‬IS READ AS ‫ﺟﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﺃﻓﹾ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬‫ﺪ ﻣﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬

MADD MUTTASIL MADD MUNFASIL MADD LAAZIM MADD AARIDH

1.MADD IS FOLLOWED 1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY 1. MADD IS FOLLOWED

BY HAMZAH IN SAME HAMZAH IN DIFFERENT 1. MADD IS FOLLOWED
BY TEMPORARY SUKUN
WORD WORD BY SUKUN ASLI [REAL
2. READ AS ANYONE OF
2. READ AS 4 TO 5 ALIF 2. READ AS 2 TO 4 ALIF SUKUN]
THREE TYPES [Refer next
3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD 3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD 2. READ AS 3 TO 5 ALIF
page]
WAJIB' JAIZ'

Contd ... 12
‫ﺷﺎَﺀ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍ ﺍِﻧ‬‫ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌ‬
RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [2]

‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ‬‫ﻣ‬
MADD LAAZIM

‫ﻛﻠﻤﻰ ﻣﺜﹼﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﻰ ﳐﹼﻔﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﰱ ﻣﺜﹼﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﰱ ﳐﹼﻔﻒ‬

KALIMA MUTHAQQAL KALIMA MUKHAFFAF HARFI MUTHAQQAL HARFI MUKHAFFAF

SUKUN APPEARS SHADDAH APPEARS ON ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ SUKUN APPEARS ON ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬

SHADDAH APPEARS
AFTER ‫ﺪ‬‫ ﻣ‬IN ONE IN ONE CHARACTER IN ONE CHARACTER
AFTER ‫ﺪ‬‫ ﻣ‬IN ONE
WORD ْ- ‫ﻣﺪ‬
WORD ّ- ‫ﻣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺌﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺹ‬
ONLY PLACE
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍﺑ‬

‫ﺪ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬
MADD AARIDH
READING IN ANYONE TYPE IS
OUR CHOICE [BE CONSISTENT]

Exception: The word ‫ ﺍﱂ‬in ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬

CHANGE ‫ﻮﹶﻥ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ِ‫ﻣﹾﻔﻠ‬ TO ‫ﻮﹾﻥ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ِ‫ﻣﹾﻔﻠ‬ can be read with or without ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻗﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬

QASR TAWASSUT TOOL

READ AS ONE ALIF READ AS 2 OR 3 ALIF READ AS 5 ALIF

13
‫ﺪ‬‫ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌ‬RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS First 14 Madd types are called as ‫ﺪ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻣ‬

Elongation in
Examples Explanation Name of Madd S. No.
Counts (‫)ﺣﺮآﺔ‬

‫ ﲰﺂﺀ‬, ‫ ﺳﻰﺀ‬, ‫ ﺟﺂﺀ‬, ‫ﺷﺎﺀ‬ 5 ‫ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺪ‬and ‫ ﺀ‬appear adjacently in one word ‫ﺼﻞ‬‫ﺪ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻣﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ 1

‫ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺪ‬and ‫ ﺀ‬appear adjacently but in two

‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍ ﺍِﻧ‬‫ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸ‬ 2 to 5 ‫ﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﺯ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬ 2
words
Convert the fatha or kasra or dammah or kasratain or
‫ﻮﹸﻥ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ِ‫ﻣﹾﻔﻠ‬ is changed to ‫ﻮﹾﻥ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ِ‫ﻣﹾﻔﻠ‬ 2 to 6 dammathain at the end to sukun, while stopping ‫ﺪ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻮﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬ 3

‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ ﺁ‬, ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺁ‬ 2 ‫ ﺀ‬is followed by ‫ ﺍ‬or ‫ ﻭ‬or ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺑﺪﻝ‬‫ﻣ‬ 4

Convert fathathain at the end to Alif, while

‫ﻤﺎﹰ‬‫ﻋﻠِﻴ‬ is changed to ‫ﻤﺎﹶ‬‫ﻋﻠِﻴ‬ 2 ‫ﺪ ﻋﻮﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬ 5
stopping

‫ ﺁﻵﹶﻥ‬is actually ‫ﺍﹶﺍﹶﻵﹶﻥ‬ 6 ‫ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺪ‬is followed by sukun [ ْ‫] ـ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﳐﻔﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﻰ‬‫ﻣ‬ 6

‫ﻣﺔ‬‫ ﺍﹶﻟﱠﻄـﺂ‬, ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻭﹶﻻ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﱠﻟﱢﻴ‬ 6 ‫ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺪ‬is followed by saddha in one word ‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﺜﹼﻘﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﻰ‬‫ﻣ‬ 7

‫ﻤﺺ‬‫ ﺍﻟـ‬, ‫ ﻃﺴﻢ‬, ‫ﺍﱂ‬ 6 ‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﻋﺴﻠﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﺸﺒﻊ ﺣﺮﰱ‬‫ﻣ‬ 8

‫ ﻳﺲ‬, ‫ﻃﻪ‬ 2 ‫ﺣﻲ ﻃﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﳏﻔﻒ ﺣﺮﰱ‬‫ﻣ‬ 9

 ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧ‬ is changed to ‫ﻑ‬

‫ﻑ‬  ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧ‬ 2 to 6 ‫ﻭ‬ َ‫ ـ‬, ‫ﻱ‬
 َ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻟﲔ‬‫ﻣ‬ 10

 ‫ﻀِﺮ‬
‫ﺏ‬  ‫ﺑِِﻪ ﺍﹾﻥ ﻳ‬ 6 Haa Dameer (‫ )ﻩ‬is followed by ‫ء‬ ‫ﺪ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬ 11

Haa Dameer (‫ )ﻩ‬is followed by any character

‫ﻪ ﺑِِﻪ‬‫ﺍِﻧ‬ 2 ‫ﺪ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ‬‫ﻣ‬ 12
other than ‫ء‬

‫ﻪ‬‫ ﻗﹸﹾﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـ‬, ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺮﻳ‬‫ﻗﹸﹾﻞ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﹶﻛ‬ 6 Hamzah Isthifham (‫ )أ‬is followed by Shaddah ‫ﺪ ﻓﺮﻕ‬‫ﻣ‬ 13

‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣﻴ‬‫ ﺍﹸ‬, ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺣﻴ‬ 2  is followed by ‫ﻱ‬

‫ﻱ‬  ‫ﺪ ﲤﻜﲔ‬‫ﻣ‬ 14

Madd (‫ ا‬, ‫ و‬, ‫ )ي‬should not be followed by

‫ﹶﻞ‬‫ ﻗﹶﻴ‬, ‫ﻮﹸﻝ‬‫ﹸﻘ‬‫ ﻳ‬, ‫ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻝ‬ 2 ْ ‫ﻣّﺪ ﻃﺒِﻴِْﻌ‬
‫ﻰ‬ 15 14
sukun or Hamzah
 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﲔ‬
RULES OF HURUF LEEN

‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﲔ‬
HURUF LEEN ‫ﻧﻮﻥ ﻗﻄﲏ‬
NOON QUTNI
‫ﻭ‬ َ‫ ـ‬, ‫ﻱ‬
 َ‫ـ‬

IF SUKUN APPEARS AFTER

‫ﺪ ﻟﲔ ﻻﺯﻡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻟﲔ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬ TANWEEN, THEN:
MADD LEEN MADD LEEN 1. CHANGE TANWEEN TO KASRAH
LAAZIM AARIDH 2. ADD A NOON WITH KASRAH
BETWEEN THEM

1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED

1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED
BY TRUE SUKUN  ‫ﺰِﺓ ِﻥ ﺍﻟﱠِﺬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟﹸ‬
‫ﻱ‬
BY TEMPORARY SUKUN
2. READ AS ‫ ﻗﺼﺮ‬OR ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬OR ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬.
2. READ AS ‫ ﻗﺼﺮ‬OR ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬OR ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬
BUT ‫ ﻃﻮﻝ‬IS BETTER
Exception:
1. IF WE STOP AT TANWEEN,
ONLY TWO PLACES ‫ ﻣﻮﺕ‬, ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ THERE IS NO NOON QUTNI
‫ ﻛﻬﻴﻌﺺ‬, ‫ﻋﺴﻖ‬
2. IN ‫ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ‬, STOPPING IS
BETTER

15
 ‫ﺼﻠﺔ‬
 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ‬
RULES OF SILAH

Exception: IF ‫ ﻱ‬WITH SUKUN

Exception: NO ‫ ﺻﻠﺔ‬BECAUSE THEY APPEARS BEFORE ‫ ﻩ‬, READ ‫ ﻩ‬WITH
ARE NOT ‫ ﻩ‬BUT PART OF THE KASRAH BUT WITHOUT
WORD ITSELF ELONGATION
SILAH MEANS READING ‫ﻩ‬
‫ ﻧﻔﻘﻪ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻫﻮﺩ‬ ELONGATEDLY LIKE ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ِﻪ‬‫ﻓِﻴ‬
‫ ﻓﻮﺍﻛﻪ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ‬
‫ ﱂ ﺗﻨﺘﻪ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻣﺮﱘ‬ BUT READ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﺎﻧ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ِﻪ‬‫ ﻓِﻴ‬WITH ELONGATION

‫ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﻭ‬

SILAH BIL YAH SILAH BIL WAV

Exception: IF ‫ ﱂ‬APPEARS
Exception: DHAMMAH OF BEFORE ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬, THEN ‫ ﻱ‬AT THE
‫ ﻩ‬IS NOT ELONGATED IF KASRAH COMES END WILL BE REMOVED.
IF FATHAH OR
BEFORE ‫ ﻩ‬, READ SO, THERE IS NO
DHAMMAH COMES
‫ﻪ ﻟﹶﹸﻜﻢ‬‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭﺍ ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸﹸﻜ‬
 ‫ﻭﺇﹾﻥ ﺗ‬ LIKE ‫ ﻱ‬OF ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ ELONGATION
BEFORE ‫ ﻩ‬, READ LIKE ‫ﻭ‬
IN SURAH ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬ OF ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬IS READ AS ‫ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺑِِﻪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬

Exception: IFANYTHING EXCEPT ‫ﻱ‬ Exception: SUKUN APPEARS Exception: DHAMMAH APPEARS ON ‫ﻩ‬
WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ‫ ﻩ‬, ON ‫ ﻩ‬INSTEAD OF KASRAH INSTEAD OF KASRAH
READ ‫ ﻩ‬WITH DHAMMAH
‫ﻪ‬‫ ﺃﺭﺟ‬IN SURAH ‫ﺃﻋﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺴﺎﻧِﻴ‬
 ‫ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻛﻬﻒ‬
‫ﻪ‬‫ِﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ ﻓﹶﺄﻟﹾِﻘ‬IN SURAH ‫ﳕﻞ‬
‫ﻪ ﺍﷲ‬‫ ﻋﻠﻴ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬

GENERAL RULE: IF A LETTER WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ‫ﻩ‬, THEN WE WON'T READ
ELONGATEDLY
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 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ‬
RULES OF HAMZAH

RULES OF HAMZAH

‫ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﳘﺰﺓ ﻗﻄﻊ‬

HAMZAH WASL HAMZAH QATH

1. IF A WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN, WE 1. THIS HAMZAH IS PART OF THE

ADD A HAMZAH TO IT WORD
2. THIS HAMZAH IS TEMPORARY HAMZAH 2. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS
3. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN BETWEEN TWO WORDS, IT WILL BE
TWO WORDS, THEN IT WILL NOT BE READ READ

 ‫ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻃﻠﹸ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺭﺗ‬‫ﹶﺬ‬‫َﺀﺍﹶﻧ‬

IF ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬BEGINS WITH ‫ ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ‬AND IF THE WORD BEGINS WITH IF ‫ ﺍﺳﻢ‬BEGINS WITH
IF ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬BEGINS WITH ‫ ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ‬AND
THIRD LETTER OF THE WORD DEFINITE ARTICLE ‫ ﺍﻝ‬, THEN ‫ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ‬, THEN
THIRD LETTER OF THE WORD IS
IS FATHAH OR KASRAH, THEN FATHAH IS GIVEN TO KASRAH IS GIVEN
DHAMMAH, THEN DHAMMAH IS
KASRAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH TO HAMZAH
GIVEN TO HAMZAH
HAMZAH

‫ ﺍﳌﹶﺎﹸﻝ‬is read as ‫ﺍﹶﳌﹶﺎﹸﻝ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ِﻔﹶﻄﺎ‬‫ﺭ ﺍِﻧ‬‫ﺸﺎ‬

 ِ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻦ ﺍِﻧ‬‫ِﻦ ﺍِﺑ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍِﺗ‬
 ‫ ﺍﻓﹾﺘ‬is read as ‫ﺢ‬‫ﺍِﻓﹾﺘ‬
‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸﻈ‬‫ ﺍﹾﻧ‬is read as ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸﻈ‬‫ﺍﹸﻧ‬ ‫ﹲﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺮﺍﹲﺓ ﺍِﺑ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻦ ﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻢ ﺍِﺛﹾﻨ‬‫ﺳ‬ِ‫ﺍ‬
 ‫ ﺍﻟﱠِﺬ‬is read as ‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﹶﻟﱠِﺬ‬
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 AMONG TWO WORDS, IF
THE FIRST WORD ENDS
WITH SUKUN AND THE
SECOND WORD STARTS
WITH SUKUN

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN

IF THE LETTER WITH IF THE LETTER WITH IF THE LETTER WITH
IN THE FIRST WORD IS NOT
SUKUN IN THE FIRST SUKUN IN THE FIRST SUKUN IN THE FIRST
MADD AND NOT ‫ ﻥ‬FROM ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬
WORD IS A MADD WORD IS NOT A MADD WORD IS ‫ ﻥ‬FROM ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬
[ZAR], THEN READ THE
LETTER, THIS MADD LETTER, THEN READ ‫ﻡ‬ [ZAR], READ THE ‫ﻥ‬
SUKUN LETTER WITH
LETTER IS REMOVED OR ‫ ﻭ‬WITH DHAMMAH WITH FATHAH
KASRAH

‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﹾ‬‫ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸ‬ ‫ﻀﻠﻠﹶﹶﺔ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺷﺘ‬ِ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﷲ‬‫ِﻣ‬ ‫ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻗﹸِﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻴ‬

EXCEPTION:
‫ ﺍﱠﱂ ﺍﷲ‬IN ‫ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬SHOULD BE
READ WITH FATHAH

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 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‬
RULES OF STOPPING

RULES FOR ENDING A

SENTENCE

CHANGE FATHAH OR CHANGE FATHATAIN

DHAMMAH OR KASRAH CHANGE ‫ ﺓ‬TO ‫ﻩ‬
TO ALIF
OR DHAMMATAIN OR
KASRATAIN TO SUKUN

STOP ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﻌ‬AS ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌ‬ STOP ‫ﺪﺍ‬‫ ﺍﺣ‬AS ‫ﺪﺍ‬‫ﺍﺣ‬ STOP ‫ﺼﻠﻮﺓ‬
 ‫ ﺍﹶﻟ‬AS ‫ﺼﻠﻮﻩ‬
 ‫ﺍﹶﻟ‬

STOP ‫ٍﻢ‬‫ﺭِﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﺏ‬

 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ ِﻣ‬AS ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺭِﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬
NOTATIONS IN HOLY
QURAN

1. STOP AT ONE :. STOP AND OBSERVE AS

PREFERRED
MUST STOP MUST NOT PREFERRED AND NOT AT NON-STOP PREVIOUS
NON-STOP
STOP TO STOP ANOTHER :. ARE SAME SYMBOL IN
O or ‫ ﻩ‬or ‫ ﻡ‬or ‫ﻁ‬ 2. DIFFERENT THE AAYAH
‫ ﺯ‬or ‫ﺝ‬-‫ ﺯ‬or ‫ ﻕ‬or
or ‫ ﺳﻜﺔ‬or ‫ﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﻒ‬ OPINION PERSISTS ‫ ﺝ‬or ‫ ﺹ‬or [‫ﻻ‬
‫ ﺻﻠﻰ‬or ‫ﺻﻞ‬
FOR ‫ﻓﻼ‬ above O or ‫]ﻩ‬ ‫ﻙ‬

GENERAL RULE:
1. ‫ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬STOPPED AT ‫ﺠﻞ‬
 ‫ﻭﻗﻒ ﻣﻨ‬ 1. WE MUST STOP AT ‫ م‬. IF NOT, THE MEANING WILL CHANGE.
2. PREFER STOPPING AT 2. FOR NOTATIONS OTHER THAN ‫م‬: IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO READ CONTINUOUSLY,
‫ﻭﻗﻒ ﻏﻔﺮﺍﻥ‬ YOU CAN STOP AT ANY PLACE. BUT WHILE CONTINUING, WE SHOULD REPEAT ONE OR
3. PREFER NON-STOP AT TWO WORDS PRECEEDING THE PLACE AT WHICH WE STOPPED.
‫ﻭﻗﻒ ﻛﻔﺮﺍﻥ‬
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 ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻜﺘﺔ‬
RULES OF SAKTA

SAKTA: STOP THE SOUND BUT

DON'T BREAK THE BREATH

‫ ﻋﻮﺟﺎﹰ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻛﻬﻒ‬

‫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻗﺪﻧﺎ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻳﺲ‬

‫ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﻞ‬
‫ ﻛ ﹼ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻣﻄﻔﻔﲔ‬

ACCORDING TO SOME
SCHOLARS

 ‫ﻫﻠﹶ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻣﺎﻟِﻴ‬ IN SURAH ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻚ‬

GENERAL RULE: THERE IS NO SAKTA

AT THE POINT OF STOPPING

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 ‫ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬
THE PLACES OF ARTICULATION

‫ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬
THE PLACES OF ARTICULATION

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻴﺸﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬
MOLAR PALATAL UVULAR NASAL CAVITY ORAL CAVITY
PHARYNGEAL
CONSONANT CONSONANTS CONSONANTS (NASALIZATION) (VOWELS)
(THROAT)
CONSONANTS
‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻱﺵﺝ‬ ‫ﻕﻙ‬ ‫ﻥﻡ‬ ‫ﻱﻭﺍ‬

‫ﺃﺩﱏ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ‬

LOWER THROAT MIDDLE THROAT UPPER THROAT

‫ﻍﺥ‬ ‫ﻉﺡ‬ ‫ﻩﺀ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﺜﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻟﻘﻴﺔ‬
LABIAL (LIP) INTER-DENTAL ALVEO-DENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR
CONSONANTS CONSONANTS CONSONANTS CONSONANTS CONSONANTS

‫ﻭﻡﻑﺏ‬ ‫ﺹﺱﺯ‬ ‫ﻅﺫﺙ‬ ‫ﻁﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻥﺭﻝ‬

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