Subject NY Distinctions Acronyms

Contracts 1. UCC 2A applies to leases of personal

property
2. All K's, not just UCC, keep ofer as
irrevocable
for any time, not mo. limit, !" !# $%!&!#'
. Consi(eration (e)nition is bar*aine( for le*al
(etriment +% bar*aine( for le*al bene)t
,. -ast Consi(eration vali( if promisor
ackno.le(*es so in .ritin*
/. #o -re 01istin* 2uty %ule3 mo(i)cation nee(s
no ne. consi(eration, like UCC
4. Any .ritten release of (ebt in e1c5an*e for
part6full payment is consi(eration
7. 8ain -urpose 01ception to 9+" for suretys5ips
re:uires in(epen(ent (uty of payment to
apply
;. 9+" inclu(es< a. =ease of *oo(s >?1@@@ b.
insurance policy assi*nments c. K to pay
ne*otiation fee to person ot5er t5an broker,
atty,
or auctioneer (. 0:ual 2i*nities %ule
A. Covenants not to compete measure( by
reasonable business nee(, time limit B scope
1@. !f it states so, *ratuitous assi*nments are
1. 8099%09? CC 9tatute of "rau(s in 8ultistate<
-romise in consi(eration of Marria*e
-romise by E1ecutor to pay estate e1pense from o.n ?
Suretys5ips
Service K's incapable of bein* performe( in one year
Real Estate interests for more t5an one year
Sale of 'oo(s for ?/@@ or more
2. -!8802 C $5ere -arol 0vi(ence 2#A
Partial Inte*ration
Mistake
Meanin* E1plaine(
Defenses
Criminal =a. 1. DA""=0% 9CA8 C 9peci)c !ntent Crimes
Dur*lary, Assault, "or*ery, "alse -retenses, =arceny, 0mbeEElement, %obbery, 9olicitation, Conspiracy, Attempt,
8ur(er
1. #o 8er*er of crimes e1cept 9olicitation on conspiracy an( Attempt on commission
2. Conspirator an( Accomplice must actively contribute some5o. for liability3 Acc. not ac:uitte( if principal is3 #o
conviction
on -rincipal's testimony only
. %enounce Conspiracy A#2 furt5er crimes .it5 renunciation A#2 prevention of t5e crime3 .it5(ra.al only removes
from
subse:uent crimes,
,. 2efenses F92 B !nsanityG must be (isprove( D%2
/. Af. 2efenses must be proven by 2ef, by -+0
4. !nsanity H I2ef lacke( ability to kno. nature or :uality of actions or t5at suc5 con(uct .as .ron*I
7. !nfant C 1C1/ liable 8ur(er 2
n(
,

1,C1/ serious crime
;. 2ea(ly force only if retreat to a .all3 not in your 5ome, from most serious crimes, or if you're a cop
A. 2uress (efense to all crimes, inclu(in* Jomici(e
1@. #o crime of battery. Assault encompasses it.
11 . 8ur(er 2
n(
C

2oesn't inclu(e intentional 9D!, 8ur(er 1
/1
H C= 8ur(er > atten(ant circumstances
12. 8an
19t
H intentional 9D!, -rovoke( Killin*. 8an 2I
(
H %eckless Killin*. Crim. #e*. Jomici(e H #e*.
1. "elony 8ur(er can stan( if un(erlyin* conviction is (ismisse(. A((itional (efense if 2ef (i( not commit or ai(
5omici(e B
not arme( .it5 (ea(ly .eapon B reasonably believe( coCfelons unarme( B reasonably believe( no ot5er .oul( en*a*e
in
con(uct likely to result in 9D! or (eat5
1,. Ki(nappin* 1
9t
H Ab(uction > ransom, restraint .it5 injury, or victim (ies
1/. %apeC8istake of A*e no (efense, 9tatutory if un(er 17
14. =arceny C 1
9t
H ?1,@@@,@@@,
2n(
H ?/@,@@@,
r(
H?@@@
17. %obbery H 1
9K
H (ea(ly .eapon > 9D! .5ile stealin*, 2
n(
CCC

forcible stealin* > ai(e( by anot5er, (isplay *un, or
cause p5ysical
injury
r(
H forcible stealin* .it5out circ.
1;. Dur*lary H 1
9t
H 2.ellin* > "elony insi(e > p5ysical injury or Arme(. 2I
(
H "elony insi(e > (.ellin* or p5ysical
injury or
Arme(.
r(
H Dreak or enterin* or remain be5in( any structure .it5 any (e*ree of crime inten(e( insi(e
1A. Arson 2I
(
HCausin* )re, smoke or burnin* in any structure or ve5icle .5ere person coul( be present. 1
st
H 2
n(
>
incen(iary
(evice. r
(
H intentional (ama*e by )re
2@. #o Iyear an( a (ayI rileC(eat5 can occur anytime
2
Criminal
-roce(ure
1. +LA= D+&J C #o -rivacy "oun( !n<
+pen "iel(s, Loice, Aerial Lie., =ocation of Car, Dank %ecor(s, +(ors from =u**a*e, &ras5 on Curb, Jan(.ritin*
3
2. 9!&A CJA-9 C 01ceptions to $arrant %e:uirement
9earc5 !nci(ent &o Arrest, Consent, Jot -ursuit, Automobiles, -lain Lie., 9top B "risk
2oesn't reco*niEe police's reasonable reliance of (efective searc5 .arrant as 'oo( "ait5 01ception
2 !nclu(es %e:uest for !nformation un(er C= ri*5t to in:uire. 2one not on .5im or caprice. 2ef. can run a.ay or not
respon(
. -olice pursuit H seiEure
,. Uni(enti)e( informant risin* to -C re:uires Leracity an( D+K, not &otality of Circumstances
/. +ral60lectronic .arrant application +K if .arrant is .ritten
4. 9!&A, -.+. must fear 2ef. is arme( to searc5 .in*span an( containers .5en outsi(e car
;. -robation intervie.s an( routine traMc stops (o not e:ual seiEures
A. !n(elible ri*5t to counsel .5ere A. 2ef in custo(y an( -.+. en*a*es in con(uct over.5elmin* to a layperson an(
2ef. re:uests
attorney D. Arrai*nment C. Upon !n(ictment 2. Any 9i*ni)cant Nu(icial Activity C 0nou*5 t5at -.+. C+U=2 JAL0 K#+$#
About 2's Attorney, but no ri*5t at lineups Funless -.+. kno.s 2ef is represente( on anot5er c5ar*e an( 2ef re:uests
attyG
1@. 'ran( Nury H 14C23 12 to convict
11. &ransactional immunity at 'ran( Nury
12. 2ef. may copy6inspect coC2ef. statements, tape( conversations, police p5otos6(ra.in*s, tests con(ucte(, 2ef's
property, 2ate
an( -lace of ofense, impeac5ment material.
1. -ros. 8ust *ive .itness statements, .itness criminal recor(s before -ros. +penin* statement. 2ef 5as @ (ays to
inform of
insanity plea from arrai*nment, 2ef. must make all .itness statements available before (irect C %osario "ailure H
%eversal .it5
Corporations 1. 'eor*e $as5in*ton 9plits. -ost 26226A;< A. Corporate =oans Fno 9J vote nee(e(G D. -reC0mption %i*5ts F#one
unless in
certi)cateG C. 8er*ers B Consoli(ations F8ajority 9J LoteG 2. 9ell of All Assets F8ajority 9J Lote for sellin* Corp.G 0.
C5an*e D+2 :uorum or votin* O F8ajority 9J LoteG ". 2issolution F8ajority 9J 0#&!&=02 &+ L+&0G
4
#P -ractice -laintif.
#onC0conomic, -ersonal !njury Claims in #e*li*ence
A -!& 9#+- C -rovisional %eme(ies
Attac5ment, -reliminary !njunction, &emporary %eceivers5ip, 9eiEure of C5attel, #otice of -en(ency
-%A2A? CC %i*5t to Nury &rial
-roperty Claims, %eplevin, Annulment, 2ivorce, Abatement of #uisance an( (ama*es, 9olely ? (ama*es
2+$#"A== C 8otion to 2ismiss Causes
2ocumentary 0vi(ence, +t5er pen(in* procee(in*, $ant of Capacity, #onCNoin(er of necessary -arty, "ailure to 9tate
C+A,
AMrmative 2efenses, =ack of -N, =ack of 98N
9-A%0 %!D9 C AMrmative 2efenses
9tatute of "rau(s, -ayment, Arbitration A.ar(, %elease, 0stoppel Collaterally, %es Nu(icata, !nfancy, Dankruptcy
2isc5ar*e,
9tatute of =imitations
ConQicts of =a. C%A- 20D&9 C 'overnment !nterest Analysis &est for &ort =a. ConQicts
Competin* %ules, Apply -olicy, 2o 2omicile an( 0vents Dear &ri**erin* of 9tate %ulesR
2 -0#C!=9 C Center of 'ravity &est for Contract =a. ConQicts
2omicile, -erformance, 01ecution, #e*otiation. Are t5ese Contacts for t5e !ssue at 5an( =ikely to be 9i*ni)cantR
&orts 1. C+A for J+02 for mis5an(lin* a corpse
2. 2uty to retreat to use (ea(ly force F9ee CriminalG
1. Dattery H !+C- C !ntent, +fensive Contact, -erson
2. Assault H!AD C !ntent, Appre5ension, of imme(iate Dattery
5
. =ibel C must prove (ama*es only .5en not
(efamatory on it's face an( not libel per se
,. 9lan(er C must prove (ama*es unless facially
(efamatory an( 9lan(er -er 9e
/. -er 9e (efamatory inclu(es imputations of
Jomose1.
4. !nvasion of %i*5t to -rivacy C +nly Commercial
Appropriation, #+& !ntrusion, "alse li*5t, or
2isclosure
7. !f 2octor botc5es steriliEation, no (uty b6c ki(s
are
*oo(
;. #oC"ault !nsurance 9c5eme
A. #urses 2octors an( Lets are not liable for
ne*li*ence
t5ey cause .5en aMrmatively rescuin* someone
1@. #!+02 C 2istresse( person must also be in S+2
if a
bystan(er an( must be close family member
11. #o collateral sources rule C i*nores payment from
ot5er sources .5en collectin* (ama*es, e1cept
payments
from insurance
12. -ure comparative fault system, numbers control
at
. "alse !mprisonment H !%C C!ntent, %estraint, Con)nement in
boun(e( area
,. J+02 H !6%+C902 C !ntent6%eckless, +utra*eous Con(uct,
9evere 0motional 2ama*e
/. &respass to =an( H !-!= C intent, p5ysical invasion of =an(
4. &respass to C5attels 6 Conversion C !ntentional !nterference an(
(ama*e to personal property
7. 2efamation C 29- C 2efamatory 9tatement, -ublication an(
maybe
(ama*es
;. "rau( C A8%K"!%%2 H AMrmative 8isstatement ma(e .it5
reckless or kno.le(*e of falsity in(ucin* reliance, reliance an(
(ama*es
A. -rima "acie &ort C !0JJ C!ntent of economic 5arm, 5arm results
1@. !n(ucin* D6Contract H KK-AA-CContract, Kno.le(*e of it,
-ersua(in* aban(onment, actual persuasion
11. #e*li*ence C29DAC-C2 H 2uty, 9tan(ar(, Dreac5, Actual
Cause, -ro1imate Cause, 2ama*es
12. #!+02 C #A!S+2-2 C#e*li*ence, Almost injure( in Sone of
2an*er, -5ysical 2ama*es
1. -ro(ucts =iability C 82-"UC8erc5ant puts out an
unreasonably
(efective pro(uct an( -laintif ma(e foreseeable use of t5e
pro(uct.
Constitutional
=a.
1. %i*5t to Dar*ain Collectively !nclu(e( 8!=2CCon*ress's areas of -o.er
8ilitary, !n(ian &ribes, =an( of "e(. 'overnment, 2C
-roperty 1. "ee 9imple 2eterminable calle( "ee on
=imitation
2. "ee 9imple 9ubject to Con(ition 9ubse:uent
calle(
%i*5t of %eac:uisition
. "uture !nterests subject to con(ition prece(ent
calle(
remain(er subject to a con(ition prece(ent
,. 2estructibility %ule, 95elly's Case, $ort5ier
&itle all
abolis5e(
/. %emain(er Leste( 9ubject to &otal 2ivestment
calle(
%emain(er Leste( 9ubject to Complete
-U%'0 C 01ceptions to Loluntary $aste
-rior Use, %easonable %epairs, 'rant of e1press ri*5t to e1ploit,
01ploitation is all it's *oo( for
&&!- C Noint &enants 8ust &ake &itle by t5e same<
&itle, same time, same instrument, same percenta*es
9-A8C$ays to break a Noint &enancy
9ale, -artition A#2 8ort*a*e
C+#AJ C A(verse -ossession re:uirements
Continuous, +pen, #otorious, A(verse,
Jostile
6
2efeasance
4. Uses C= %A-. A(opts 2
T(
look (octrine only for
-o.ers of Appointment. A(opts Cy -res po.ers
only for C5aritable trusts.
7. %eforms any provision to 21, if >21 makes
%A- violate(. $omen fertile a*e 12C//, men
fertile 1,>
;. A(option i*nore( for %A-.
A. 9uspension on Alienation voi(s *ift if no po.er
to sell or transfer fee simple .it5in 21 years of
=!D
1@. #P reco*niEes &enancy by t5e 0ntirety
11. #P Aban(ons nee( for stra. to c5an*e fee
simple to a joint tenancy
12. Uses =ien &5eory to mort*a*es C 8ort*a*e
CA# apply to '62 of a Noint &enancy an( N& not
severe(
1. &enant in Common can *et A2-+ a*ainst t5e
ot5er .it5 2@> years for constructive ouster
1,. -erio(ic &enancy 5ol(overs *et automatic 8C&C
8 unless ot5er.ise a*ree(
1/. &enancy at $ill re:uires @ (ays .ritten notice
14. &enancy at 9uferance C =an(lor('s
acceptance of rent creates 8C&C8 unless
ot5er.ise a*ree(
17. &enant may :uit premises if (estroye( .it5out
fault an( .it5out payin* rent
1;. =an(lor( usin* selfC5elp to evict H treble
(ama*es
1A. =an(lor( #002 #+& 8!&!'A&0 2A8A'09 if
&enant aban(ons premises
2@. &enant cannot assi*n .it5out e1press
permission, but
play sublet .it5 consent not UllreasUNnc
C111
vPluulLtu
21. #o 0:uitable Conversion. %+= on t5e 9eller
because seller is t5e one .it5 an insurable interest
in t5e lan( until closin*
22. -roperty Con(ition 2isclosure Act C 1C, family
(.ellin*s must provi(e buyer .it5 (isclosure of
all material (efects ... 2#A to con(o, coCop, ne.
9!% C =an(lor('s reme(ies on & aban(ons
9urren(ere( -ossession on .or(s6actions, !*nore B sue for
rent, %elet an( 5ol( liable for (e)ciency
8%C&enant's reme(y if =an(lor( Dreac5es t5e
$arranty of Jabitability in a resi(ential lease<
8ove, %epair B 2e(uct, %e(uce %ent FCourt (etermines value
an( & places in escro.G, %emain an( seek (ama*es
C=A-9 C =an(lor( 5as tort liability for
Common Areas, =atent 2efects, Assumption of %epairs, -ublic
Use( 9pace, 95ort &erm =ease for "urnis5e( 2.ellin*s
=A99 C #o ne*ative 0asements for
=i*5t, Air, 9upport, 9tream $ater from Arti)cial "lo.
-!#' C AMrmative 0asement 8et5o(s
-rescription, !mplication, #ecessity,
'rantin*
0#2 C%A8- C &erminatin* 0asement 8et5o(s
0stoppel, #ecessity, 2estruction, Con(emnation,
%elease, Aban(onment, 8er*er, -rescription
$!&J#LCCovenant %un to bur(ene( si(e transfer
$ritin*, !ntent, &ouc5 B Concern, JoriEontal -rivity, #otice,
Lertical -rivity
$!&L C Covenant %un to Dene)te( 9i(e transfer $ritin*, !ntent,
&ouc5 B Concern, Lertical -rivity
$!&#09 C 0:uitable 9ervitu(es .it5 injunction
$ritin*, !ntent, &ouc5 B Concern, #otice H 0:.
9erv.
A!% C &ypes of #otice
Actual, !n:uiry, %ecor(
8A2"!"!,C%eal 2efenses "or &ransferee of 8ort*a*e #ote in
7
buil(in*
2. #o statutory re(emption ri*5ts to re(eem for
)1e( (uration post foreclosure an( c5ance to
restore title
2ue
Course
8aterial Alteration, 2uress, "rau( in "actum, !nfancy,
!ncapacity,
!nsolvency, !lle*ality
8
0vi(ence 8!8!C C 9peci)c Acts of Con(uct A(missible to 95o. for reasons ot5er t5an criminal (isposition<
8otive, !ntent, 8istake6Absence t5ereof, !(entity F8.+.G, Common -lan or 9c5eme
1. =ess Jabit 0vi(ence comes in< #ot for -rofessional or Dusiness 5abit, not to s5o. party use(6faile( to use
(ue care. Can be
use( for 9trict -ro(ucts =iability.
2. 9ubse:uent %eme(ial 8easures allo.e( in 8anuf. 2efect cases, not (esi*n (efect or .arnin*
. +nly Community %eputation for C5aracter evi(ence an( impeac5ment3 no personal opinions
,. -ermits convictions of past crimes to come in t5at carry a pertinent c5aracter trait to crime c5ar*e(
/. Can intro(uce rape victim's prior prostitution conviction years prior to se1 ofense in :uestion
4. #o attackin* victim's c5aracter to substantively boost your case3 only to s5o. 2ef's state of min( an( s5o.
actions .ere
reasonable
7. @ years for Ancient 2ocument to selfCaut5enticate
;. Uniform Copies of business6public recor(s ma(e in or(inary course satis)e( Dest 0vi(ence
A. 2ea( 8an's 9tatute C $itness intereste( .it5 (irect stale an( testi)es for 5is interests a*ainst (ece(ent or
representative.
9ubject matter must a((ress (ece(ent's transactions or communication in civil case .it5out .aivers by usin*
(ece(ent's prior
testimony. 2oes not apply to "AC&9 Fnot conversationG re*ar(in* ne*li*ence in boat, plane or car acci(ent.
1@. %efres5in* t5e .itness calle( -resent %ecollection %evive( C I! can't rememberI an( jo* memory .6 anyt5in*3
s5o.
opposin* counsel .5o can enter into ev.
11. 'eneral Acceptance &est for 01pert $itnesses, not 2aubert. 8et5o( must be accepte( in scienti)c common
12. #o e1ception for learne( treatises3 only to impeac5 opponent's e1pert, no substance
1. -!9, even if un(er oat5, can only be for impeac5ment
1,. -rior !(enti)cation may be A. =ineup !2 .it5 oMcer as .itness B !2 in court or D.-.+. testi)es to =ineup !2 B #o
!2 in court.
r(
-arty can testify to -rior !2 if .itness lacks present recollection.
1/. A#P crime can impeac5 .itness .it5in ju(*e's (iscretion, re*ar(less of >1@ year re:uirement
14. !f recor( of conviction is bein* entere(, no foun(ation re:uire( to submit into evi(ence
17. !nsanity plea .aives all privile*es, inclu(in* A6C
1;. 2oes not reco*niEe 9pousal !mmunity -rivile*e e1cept to prove6(isprove a(ultery, )liation, c5il( suppt.
1A. A(mission by -arty +pponent is e1ception to J9.
2@. Licarious A(mission only if 0mployee .as aut5oriEe( to speak for 0r, not simply if matter .as .it5in scope of
employment
21. %efusal to testify B lack of memory (oes not e:ual unavailability in #P
22. 2yin* 2eclaration C 9tatement un(er impen(in* (eat5, (eclarant a.are, must (ie, 5omici(e only, no
ne*otiation of lan*ua*e,
an( actually state, I!'m (yin*I
2. -resent 9ense !mpression %e:uires corroboration
9
Commercial
-aper
$+99U-- C %e:uirements for #e*otiable !nstrument
$ritin*, -ayable to +r(er or Dearer, 9um Certain, 9i*ne( by (ra.er, Uncon(itional -romise to pay ? an( no ot5er
promises,
-ayable in currency, payable on certain (ate on (eman(
8A D09& C $arranties *iven on &ransfer of #e*otiable !nstrument<
#ot 8aterially Altere(, #ot Dankrupt, 0nforceable !nstrument, 9i*natures 'enuine, &itle to #! is *oo(
Jol(er !n 2ue Course C 1. &akes for value 2. !n *oo( fait5 . $it5out notice of #e*otiable !nstrument bein* over(ue,
(is5onore(
or subject to any (efenses
8A2"!"!, C real (efenses available to a J!2C. !nfancy only available to a minor J!2C. 9ecure(
&ransactions
""0!'#Ctype of *oo(s
Farm 0:uipment, Fi1ture, E:uipment, Inventory, Goo(s for Consumers, NonCtan*ible property
LC% C %e:uirements to create enforceable security interest
Value, Contract an( Ri*5ts
-erfection C attaine( via cre(itor takin* possession, -ersonal 8ort*a*e 9ecurity !nterest F-89!G, or "inancin* 9tatement
(uly
%ecor(e(
-riority of Cre(itors V D=+C, -AC, =C, #+C!0, AU-!0, 'UC
9JA"& 9A2 V Cre(itor's actions .5en (ebtor (efaults
SelfCHelp, Action Nu(icially, Foreclosure .it5 Timely c5ance for objection, Sale, Action for De)ciency
A*ency ADC C 2etermines Licarious &ort =iability
Assent Dene)t B Control
10
2A#9 C 8et5o(s to &erminate a 8arria*e
2issolution, Annulment, #ullity, 9eparation62ivorce
#C2"-!! C %easons for Annulment
#ona*e, Capacity, 2uress, "rau(, -5ysical incapacity Fcan 't perform se1G, !ncurable !nsanity F/ yrs.G
A9!A !& C 'roun(s "or 9eparation 6 2ivorce
Aban(onment Fno time for 9ep, one year for (ivorceG, 9upport "ailure, !mprisonment F consecutive yearsG, A(ultery,
!n5umane
&reatment
$ills B &rusts 1. #o partial %evocation by p5ysical act
2. #o revival of revoke( .ills Fe1cept (epen(ant
relevant
revocation in narro. casesG
. #o 8alpractice because no privity bet.een
attorney
an( bene)ciaries3 (uty only to testator
,. 9pouse in !ntestacy *ets ?/@,@@@ >L2 estate. !n
%+0,
*ets lar*er of ?/@,@@@ or 16 estate, > ?/4,@@@ in
personal property
/. A(vancements must be accompanie( by a si*ne(
contemporaneous .ritin* to count a*ainst (onee
4. #o incorporation by reference e1cept pour over
.ills
7. -roperty as speci)c *ift taken subject to
mort*a*e3 no
e1oneration .it5out clear lan*ua*e liens to be pai(
of
;. Con(emnation results in a(emption of speci)c
*ift
A. #e*ative De:uests *iven full efect
1@. !n terrorem clauses *iven full efect
11. -urc5ase 8oney %esultin* &rusts Fcompels
reconveyance .5ere title taken in .ron* nameG not
reco*niEe( because -arol 0vi(ence %ule bars
testimony
contra(ictin* (ee(
12. A== income interests are *iven spen(t5rift
protection, even .it5out suc5 clause in t5e trust
&9 =0' U- C &estamentary 9ubstitutes for %+0
&otten &rusts, 9urvivors5ip 0states, =ifetime &ransfers Frevocable
or
irrevocable .it5 life estateG, 0%!9A -lans 162, 'ifts ma(e .it5in 1
year of (eat5 over ?11,@@@ or faile( *ifts causa mortis, U9 Don(s
or
ot5er -+2's, -o.ers of Appointment presently e1ercisable an(
*eneral
=+' -!& C #ot &estamentary 9ubstitutes for %+0
=ife insurance, +t5er 5alf of 0%!9A, 'ifts .it5in ?11,@@@ or Causa
8ortis, -reC8arria*e irrevocable transfers, !rrevocable transfers
ma(e
more t5an year before 2+2, &ransfers .it5 retaine( life estate
before
A616A2.
2!98A= C 2is:uali)e( 9pouses from %+0
2ivorce, !ncomplete ++9 (ivorce, 9eparation 20C%00, 8arria*e
voi( for #ullity, Aban(onment, =ack of 9upport
"%!&+C01ceptions to !n &errorem Clause
"or*ery, revoke( .ill by later .ill F#ot p5ysical actG,
!ncapacity6!nfancy claim brou*5t by *uar(ian, &erm construction of
.ill, +bjection to Nuris(iction
J089 Cstan(ar( to inva(e retaine( life estate
Jealt5, 0(ucation, 8aintenance an( 9upport
11