Section 1.

2 Combining Functions; Shifting and Scaling Graphs

53.

54.

55. (a) domain: [0 2]; range: [# $]

(b) domain: [0 2]; range: [c1 0]

(c) domain: [0 2]; range: [0 2]

(d) domain: [0 2]; range: [c1 0]

(e) domain: [c2 0]; range: [! 1]

(f) domain: [1 3]; range: [! "]

(g) domain: [c2 0]; range: [! "]

(h) domain: [c1 1]; range: [! "]

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

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14

Chapter 1 Functions

56. (a) domain: [0 4]; range: [c3 0]

(b) domain: [c4 0]; range: [! $]

(c) domain: [c4 0]; range: [! $]

(d) domain: [c4 0]; range: [" %]

(e) domain: [# 4]; range: [c3 0]

(f) domain: [c2 2]; range: [c3 0]

(g) domain: [" 5]; range: [c3 0]

(h) domain: [0 4]; range: [0 3]

58. y a2xb# c 1 %x# c 1

57. y 3x# c 3
59. y "# " b

"
x#

"
#

"
#x#

60. y 1 b

"
ax$b#

1b

61. y %x b 1

62. y 3x b 1

#
63. y % c x# "# 16 c x#

64. y "$ % c x#

65. y " c a3xb$ " c 27x$

66. y " c x# " c

*
x#

x$
)

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 1.2 Combining Functions; Shifting and Scaling Graphs

67. Let y c#x b " faxb and let gaxb x"# ,
"#
"#
haxb x b " , iaxb #x b " , and
#

"#
jaxb c#x b "# faBb. The graph of

haxb is the graph of gaxb shifted left

"
#

unit; the

graph of iaxb is the graph of haxb stretched

vertically by a factor of #; and the graph of
jaxb faxb is the graph of iaxb reflected across
the x-axis.
68. Let y " c

x
#

faxb Let gaxb acxb"# ,

haxb acx b #b"# , and iaxb

" c

x
#

"
# ac x

b #b"#

faxb The graph of gaxb is the

graph of y x reflected across the x-axis.

The graph of haxb is the graph of gaxb shifted
right two units. And the graph of iaxb is the
graph of haxb compressed vertically by a factor
of #.
69. y faxb x$ . Shift faxb one unit right followed by a
shift two units up to get gaxb ax c "b3 b #.

70. y a" c Bb$ b # cax c "b$ b ac#b faxb.

Let gaxb x$ , haxb ax c "b$ , iaxb ax c "b$ b ac#b,
and jaxb cax c "b$ b ac#b. The graph of haxb is the
graph of gaxb shifted right one unit; the graph of iaxb is
the graph of haxb shifted down two units; and the graph
of faxb is the graph of iaxb reflected across the x-axis.

71. Compress the graph of faxb

of 2 to get gaxb
unit to get haxb

"
#x . Then
"
#x c ".

"
x

horizontally by a factor

shift gaxb vertically down 1

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Chapter 1 Functions

72. Let faxb

"

x#

"
x#

and gaxb

b"

#
x#

b"

"
#
"#B

"
#
B#

b"

b " Since

# "%, we see that the graph of faxb stretched

horizontally by a factor of 1.4 and shifted up 1 unit
is the graph of gaxb.

$
73. Reflect the graph of y faxb
x across the x-axis
$
to get gaxb cx.

74. y faxb ac#xb#$ ac"ba#bx#$

ac"b#$ a#xb#$ a#xb#$ . So the graph
of faxb is the graph of gaxb x#$ compressed
horizontally by a factor of 2.

75.

76.

77. *x# b #&y# ##&

x#
&#

y#
$#

"

78. "'x# b (y# ""#

x#
#

y#
%#

"

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 1.2 Combining Functions; Shifting and Scaling Graphs

79. $x# b ay c #b# $

x#
"#

a y c #b #
#

80. ax b "b# b #y# %

"

83.

x#
"'

y#
*

<y c ac#b#
#

#
#
82. 'x b $# b *y c "# &%

81. $ax c "b# b #ay b #b# '

ax c " b #

<x c ac"b#
##

"

xcc $#
$#

y c "# #
#

'

"

" has its center at a! !b. Shiftinig 4 units

left and 3 units up gives the center at ah, kb ac% $b.

#
<x c ac4b#
b ay c3#3b "
4#
a y c $b #
". Center, C, is ac%
3#

So the equation is

ax b % b #
4#

$b, and

major axis, AB, is the segment from ac) $b to a! $b.

84. The ellipse

x#
%

y#
#&

" has center ah, kb a! !b.

Shifting the ellipse 3 units right and 2 units down

produces an ellipse with center at ah, kb a$ c#b
and an equation

ax c 3 b#
%

<y c ac#b#
#&

". Center,

C, is a3 c#b, and AB, the segment from a$ $b to

a$ c(b is the major axis.

85. (a) (fg)(cx) f(cx)g(cx) f(x)(cg(x)) c(fg)(x), odd

(b) gf (cx)

f(cx)
g(cx)

f(x)
cg(x)

c gf (x), odd

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

y#
#

"

17

18

Chapter 1 Functions
(c) gf (cx)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)

g(cx)
f(cx)

cg(x)
f(x)

c gf (x), odd

f # (cx) f(cx)f(cx) f(x)f(x) f # (x), even

g# (cx) (g(cx))# (cg(x))# g# (x), even
(f g)(cx) f(g(cx)) f(cg(x)) f(g(x)) (f g)(x), even
(g f)(cx) g(f(cx)) g(f(x)) (g f)(x), even
(f f)(cx) f(f(cx)) f(f(x)) (f f)(x), even
(g g)(cx) g(g(cx)) g(cg(x)) cg(g(x)) c(g g)(x), odd

86. Yes, f(x) 0 is both even and odd since f(cx) 0 f(x) and f(cx) 0 cf(x).
87. (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

88.

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