Project Name : Time Operated College Bell Using GSM
Domain : Embedded System
Microcontroller : AVR IEEE INSPEC Accessing Number :
In colleges the time schedule is changing according to the exams and extra classes. Then we have to change the timing of bell in our college. For this we introduce this system. In this system there is a microcontroller, GSM, RTC, keypad, buzzer & LCD. The purpose of this system is according to time changing the bell will automatically ring. Time will be set only by head of the department or by principle. He / she can message the time to the system the will reset and change the time. Time can change only if message received from head of the department or principle. There is also an alternate solution for time changing there is a keypad with password protection. With the permission of the head anyone can change the timing using password.RTC is used for time setting.
The main objectives of the project are: 1. No confusion in the college timing 2. Easy to implement Outcome of the project: 1. Embedded system 2. Microcontroller Atmega32 3. Embedded C 4. Problem analysis 5. Circuit design 6. PCB layout design 7. RTC 8. Soldering 9. Integration 10. Testing 11. Trouble shooting
Block diagram
LCD LCD DRIVER
AT MEGA32
I2C
BUZZER
RTC KEYPAD DRIVER
GSM
KEYPAD
MAX232 OSCILLATOR
RESET
Block Diagram Explanation 1. AVR Microcontroller AVR is the microcontroller used in this project. The major heart of this project is AVR microcontroller, it has more features like 16bit timer, 10-bit ADC, USART, SPI, I2C, 256 bytes of EEPROM memory, and 32kbytes of flash program memory, then at last its speed of program execution is about to 1 microsecond or 10 MIPS (10 Million Instructions per second), etc. However, compare to other microcontroller it is fast and very ease to program in C language because of huge support can gain from the manufacturer for programming. The special IDE offered by the manufacture, it is named as AVR Studio IDE for it code generation purpose.
2. LCD Module A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly. The most common application of liquid crystal technology is in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). A liquid crystal display consists of an array of tiny segments (called pixels) that can be manipulated to present information. The LCD screen is more energy efficient and can be disposed of more safely than a CRT. Its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic equipment. 3. MAX232 (Voltage Level Converter) The MAX232 is an IC that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. The receivers reduce RS- 232 inputs (which may be as high as 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels. 4. GSM Modem A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.
A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM modem capabilities. A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as SMS to send and receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile operator charges for this message sending and receiving as if it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support an extended AT command set for sending/receiving SMS messages.
5. Crystal Oscillator A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time, to provide a stable clock signal for microcontrollers. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators. 6. Buzzer A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. 7. Reset Function Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a 'known' condition. That practically means that microcontroller can behave rather inaccurately under certain undesirable conditions. In order to continue its proper functioning it has to be reset, meaning all registers would be placed in a starting position. Reset is not only used when microcontroller doesn't behave the way we want it to, but can also be used when trying out a device as an interrupt in program execution, or to get a microcontroller ready when loading a program. 8. Keypad A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or "pad" which usually bear digits, symbols and usually a complete set of alphabetical letters. If it mostly contains numbers then it can also be called a numeric keypad. Keypads are found on many alphanumeric keyboards and on other devices such as calculators, push- button telephones, combination locks, and digital door locks, which require mainly numeric input. The keypad we are using is 4*4 matrix keypad in which 16 number of push button switches are there. It is used in this particular project for entering the number. 9. Power Supply A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The term is most commonly applied to electric power converters that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another form of energy (mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy. A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a specific value; the controlled value is held nearly constant despite variations in either load current or the voltage supplied by the power supply's energy source. 10. Step down Transformers Step down transformers are designed to reduce electrical voltage. Their primary voltage is greater than their secondary voltage. This kind of transformer "steps down" the voltage applied to it. Step down transformers convert electrical voltage from one level or phase configuration usually down to a lower level. 11. Rectifier A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches. 12. Filters Electronic filters are analog circuits which perform signal processing functions, specifically to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal, to enhance wanted ones, or both. The most common types of electronic filters are linear filters, regardless of other aspects of their design. 13. Regulator A regulator is a device which has the function of maintaining a designated characteristic. It performs the activity of managing or maintaining a range of values in a machine. The measurable property of a device is managed closely by specified conditions or an advance set value; or it can be a variable according to a predetermined arrangement scheme. We are using LM7812 & lm7805 regulators.
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