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Airport Handling Manual

AHM 631 (continued)
10.4.2 Stop movement of aircraft
Fully extend arms and wands to cross above the head.
10.4.3 Hold movement of aircraft
Fully extend arms and wands downwards at a 45

angle to the
sides. Hold this position until it is clear for the aircraft to move.
430 23RD EDITION, JANUARY 2003
AHM 632
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APRON
MARKINGS AND SIGNS
1. INTRODUCTION
Although standards and recommended practices for aircraft
ground movement have been developed, only limited guidance
material is available for ground support equipment movement
and parking on the apron. It is anticipated that implementation
of world-wide standards for airport apron markings will be a
significant contribution to a safe apron environment.
2. DEFINITIONS
APRON (RAMP) A paved area on the airside of the terminal
building where aircraft are maneuvered and parked and where
activities associated with the handling of flights can be
performed.
APRON SAFETY BORDER LINE. A line marking the bound-
ary of the apron and limiting any Ground Support Equipment
activity beyond this line for the purpose of providing adequate
clearance for adjacent taxiing aircraft.
APRON STAND BORDER LINE. A line marking the boundary
of a specific area required on the apron for the purpose of
parking, servicing, loading or unloading an aircraft.
ENGINE START UP BAR ON CENTRE LINE. This line
provides guidance to the tractor operator and indicates the
specific position to align the aircraft correctly at the and of an
aircraft pushback maneuver.
FUEL HYDRANTSYSTEMPOSITIONMARKING Designated
fuel hydrant system position marking(s) in the aircraft parking
position area. The marking(s) is/are provided to identify the
position so that the fuel hydrant system is clear of ground
support equipment.
GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT PARKING AREA. A
specific area set aside for the parking of ground support
equipment:
NO PARKING AREA. A specific area set aside in which
parking of ground support equipment is prohibited; e.g. apron-
drive, passenger loading bridge movement-areas and fueling
pits, etc.
NOPARKINGLINE. This line indicates an area where parking
is prohibited and that is to remain free of all Ground Support
Equipment and/or vehicles.
NOSEWHEEL STOP BAR. This line indicates the specific
position where the aircraft nosewheel is to stop.
PASSENGER LOADING BRIDGE PARKING POSITION
MARKING Designated passenger loading bridge parking posi-
tion marking(s) in the area(s) in which parking of ground support
equipment is prohibited. The marking is provided to identify the
fully retracted parking position(s) so that the passenger loading
bridge is clear of incoming and departing aircraft.
PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY. A specific area set aside for the
safe passage of pedestrians, i.e. passengers, crew and/or
airport personnel, to or fromthe airport facilities and the aircraft:
Pedestrian Crossing;
Pedestrian Walkway.
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Airside Management and Safety
AHM 632 (continued)
PUSHBACK LIMIT LINE. A lead-out line providing guidance
to the tractor operator and ensuring obstacle clearance during
aircraft pushback maneuvers from an aircraft parking stand.
SERVICE ROAD. A specific area set aside for the safe move-
ment of ground support equipment and airport vehicles.
STAND/GATE SAFETY LINE. A line behind which ground
support equipment is kept during the movement of an aircraft
on to or off the aircraft parking position; acts also as a safety
stop for all ground support equipment prior to approaching the
aircraft and as a safety zone for engine intake and propeller
clearance.
Permanent Parking;
Staging Area.
3. REQUIREMENTS
The areas requiring safety markings are:
Service Roads;
Aircraft parking stands/gates;
Aprons;
Pedestrian crossing/walkways;
Safety parking position for Passenger Loading Bridge;
No Parking areas;
Ground Support Equipment parking areas;
Push-Back line;
Push-Back Limit Marking.
The marking characteristics used in these guidelines for traffic
markings are:
Double white line do not cross;
Single white line cross with caution;
Broken white line a roadway centre-line;
Offset white broken line do not cross;
Solid single red line do not cross during aircraft move-
ment, cross with caution when required.
4. CHARACTERISTICS
Specifications:
The following marking characteristics/specifications are
defined:
PAINT;
COLOR
Recommended colors are:
RED for safety warning;
WHITE for traffic markings;
YELLOW for aircraft movement on aprons, taxiways
and runways as per ICAOAnnex 14 Aerodromes, Paragraph
5.2.1.5.
Visibility:
Paint or other materials must be of high visibility e.g. reflect-
ive in nature and consistent with every-day off-airport use,
Paint or other materials must be of sufficient coefficient of
friction.
23RD EDITION, JANUARY 2003 431
Dimensions and Shape:
The width, length and shape of a line or marking as outlined
under paragraph 5 Recommendations.
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
Service Roads:
Roadway markings should be painted white and should
consist of single solid outer lines indicating that crossing
with caution is permitted. Crossing of a double white line
and/or offset broken white line is not permitted. In case of
two opposing directions of travel, there should be a centre
broken white line to divide traffic. Each lane of a service
road should be of a minimum width to accommodate the
widest equipment in use at that location.
It is recommended that the following minimum specification
be adopted:
Width of line: 10 cm (4 in)
Gap between lines: 5 cm (2 in)
Broken line: 1.5 m (5 ft)
In case of a traffic STOP line, the width will be 20 cm (8 in).
(See Figure 1.)
Directional markings should be in the form of a white arrow
painted on the service road surface. An arrow may be uni-
or multi-directional. Arrows should be positioned at points
where traffic enters or exits a service road with the objective
to clarify the direction of travel. (See example in Figure 2.)
Traffic speed-limit markings painted on the service road
surface should be in the form of a white circle, with the
maximum speed displayed inside the circle. (See example
in Figure 3.)
Traffic speed-limit signs shall be in accordance with local
regulations.
Pedestrian Crossings/Walkways:
Pedestrian crossings/walkways shall be painted in accord-
ance with local regulations to the following minimum
dimensions:
Width of line: 0.5 m (20 in)
Width of line: 0.5 m (20 in)
Length of line: 2 m (6 ft)
Gap between lines: 0.5 m (20 in).
(See example in Figure 4.)
Pedestrian walkways must be clearly indicated and the
design should keep the pedestrian clear of hazards.
Stand/Gate Safety Line:
The stand/gate safety line should be a solid single red line
indicating the boundary of the aircraft parking area. The line
should be painted so as to accommodate the largest-sized
aircraft onto or off the parking position. (See example in
Figure 5.)
Minimum width of line: 10 cm (4 in).
(See example in Figures 5 and 6.)
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Airport Handling Manual
AHM 632 (continued)
No Parking Areas:
These areas should be marked by white hatching and should
be bordered by a solid white line of the same width:
Minimum width of line: 10 cm (4 in)
Gap between lines: 50 cm (20 in)
The lines should be painted at an angle of 45 in reference
to the aircraft parking-position centre line. (See example in
Figure 7.)
Ground Support Equipment Parking Areas:
The lines of these areas should be demarcated and painted
white. Inner marking is optional.
Figure 1
SPECIFICATION FOR
ROADWAY MARKINGS
432 23RD EDITION, JANUARY 2003
Figure 2
DIRECTIONAL SIGNS
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Airside Management and Safety
AHM 632 (continued)
Figure 3
EXAMPLE OF A SPEED-LIMIT SIGN
30
Figure 4
SPECIFICATION FOR A
PEDESTRIAN CROSSING
F
2 m
(6 ft)
G
H H
I I
0.5 m 0.5 m
(20 in) (20 in)
23RD EDITION, JANUARY 2003 433
Figure 5
STAND/GATE SAFETY LINE
FOR SINGLE AIRCRAFT
PARKING POSITION
Note: Clearance should be in accordance with the standards
published in ICAO Annex 14, Aerodromes.
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Airport Handling Manual
AHM 632 (continued)
Figure 6
STAND/GATE SAFETY LINE
FOR TWO OR MORE
AIRCRAFT PARKING ASIDE
434 23RD EDITION, JANUARY 2003
Figure 7
SAFETY LINE FOR MULTIPLE
AIRCRAFT RAMP SYSTEM (MARS)
STAND
Figure 8
MARKING FOR NO PARKING
AREAS