225

where b
w
= 7 inches, Z = 43 inches. For this design example 113 U
stirrups Grade 60 are used as web reinforcements; thus, Sy = 2(0.11 )(60)
= 13.2 kips, wn = w*L.F./Q = 1.2*1.3/0.85 = 1.8; hence,
1.8*9.5/12 = 1.5 kips.
w * s =
n
The compression stresses evaluated using Eq. 4.50 must be below
the allowed maximum value of 30 Jr'c in this case fdi < 2.12 ksi. As
can be seen from the values shown in column (6) of Table 4.17, the
compression stresses in the fan region are always below the maximum
allowed compression stress.
Compression fans will also form under the concentrated truck
loads, and the compression stresses need to be checked at these regions.
In reality the truck can be at any position on the girder. It should be
sufficient to check the cases where wheels are at panel points. As can
be seen from Fig. 4.36, there will be 6 different compression fans to
check. For the live loading case shown in Fig. 4.36a, the ~ o m t r y of
the diagonal compression strut is defined by the distance between the
centerline of the support and the point of application of the load.
Figure 4.46a shows the geometry of the diagonal compression strut for
this case. From Fig. 4.46a the diagonal force in the compression strut
is Di = R/sinQ'i = 41.8/sin 83.4 = 42.1 kips. Thus, the compression
stress in the diagonal strut results in fdi = Di/bwzcOSQ'i =
42.1/(7)(43)(cos 83.4) = 1.22 ksi, which is less than the maximum
allowed of 2.12 ksi.
For the live loading case of Fig. 4.36b the geometry of the
compression fan is shown in Fig. 4.46b. As can be seen from Fig. 4.46b,
226
-+--1+--5"
D,

Iff

t41.Sk
Geometry of the diRgonal compression strut
for live load case from Fig. 4.36a
9. !5
'
j4
Ie

14
r- 24.6 k
Z C otCll{

Fu
V1


FL 6 5 4 :3

Fu
.. FL
(b) Compression fan under the concentrated load for live load
case from Fig. 4 . 36b
Fig. 4.46 EVAluation of the compression stresses in the
fan region under the applied concentrAted
lOAds
227
the geometry of thi s compression fan is the same as for the case of the
compression fan at the support shown in Fig. 4.45. However, the
diagonal compression for Di is now given as Si/sina. The compression
stresses are below those shown in Table 4.17 and, therefore, also below
the specified limit of 30J f ~
The compression fan under the applied load for the live loading
case of Fig. 4.36c is shown in Fig. 4.47. As can be observed from
Tables 4.9 and 4.17, the first (steeper) diagonal compression strut in
the fan region is always the critical one. The compression stress drops
in the subsequent less steeper struts. Thus, it will suffice to check if
the stress in the first (steeper) diagonal compression strut in the fan
region is below the maximum allowed val ue of 30J'"fJ. For the case shown
in Fig. 4.47, Dl = Sl/sinal' Q!1 = arctan 43/6 = 82.06 degrees, 8
1
=
Avfy = 2(0.11)(60) = 13.2 kips. Thus, Dl = 13.2/sin82.06 = 13.3 kips.
Therefore, fdl = Dl/bwzcos82.06 = 13.3/(7)(43)(0.133) = 0.32 ksi, which
is below the maximum allowed 2.12 ksi. Following the SCime procedure for
the loading case shown in Fig. 4.36d, Dl = Sl/sin Q!1, Q!1 = arctan
43/12/2 = 82.06, Sl = Avfy = 2(0.11)(60) = 13.2. Hence, D, =
13.2/sin82.06 13.33 kips. Thus, fdl = 13.33/(7)(43)cos 82.06 = 0.320
ksi, which again is below the maximum allowed of 2.12 ksi.
The geometry of the compression fans under the appl ied load for
the loading cases in Figs. 4.36e and 4.36f is similar to the case shown
in Fig. 4.47 since the angle alpha is the same as well as the stirrup
spacing. Thus, the compression stresses in the diagonal struts for
these two cases would also be under the maximum allowed value of 2.12
228
6" 12" 12" 12" 6'
Design Section 3
24.6
k
Fu

Z= 43
11
V
F

Z coto. = 4'-0"
"I
Design Zone 2-3
SI
V
I
43
11
___ --1 __


Fig.4.47 Compression fAn under the concentrpted lOAd
for live load CAse shown in Fig. 4. 36c