193

1411
6
11
22.9
11
16"
40"
+
C.G.
61=13.5
11
7.5" .. It
17.1"

3.6"
22"
.,.1
Fig. 4.32 Cross section at the support
194
e..!.. IlIcp
1 "'T - - - - - _ _ _
? - - -
C. G.
...... 15
l1
widexlo
ll
long 'a-I/, II cp
bearing pods 2
L
5' -0
,
-
20' - 0 II
10-1/2" diameter strands
e
1
= 13.5"
Grade 270k
e2 = 15.1"
A
str
= 0.153 in.
2
Fig. 4.33 Beam strand pattern
The impact allowance for truck load moments is determined from
AASHTO Section 1.2.12
50
I =
(L + 1.25)
(4.40)
where "L" is the span length. However, for computing shear due to truck
loads, "L" is taken as the length of the loaded portion of the span from
the point under consideration to the far reaction. Hence, for shear liP'
is a function of position along the span. However, "I" should not
exceed 30 %.
For this design example, the portion of the wheel load appl ied
to the girder including impact is for the 32 kip axle so PLL+I =
32*0.59*1.3 = 24.54 kips. For the 8 kip axle, P
LL
+
I
= 8*0.59*1.3 = 6.14
Dead loads supported by naked girder
- Girder
- Slab
(494.94) (150)
1000 )( 144
6.5 x 12 )( 7.25
565.5 )( 150
1000 )( 144
- Diaphragms at centerline 1
= 565.5 in.
2
=
(8/12) X 1.83 x (6.5 - 7/12) )( 0.15 =
Dead loads supported by composite section
- No barrier walls
- No asphalt overlay
Rails: T5 =
(0.324)(2 )
7
Table 4.12 Determination of dead loads
195
0.52 kIF
0.59 kIF
0.09 kIF
196
kips. In this example, the impact factor "I" limit of 30% controls for
any section of the member in the case of shear.
This section presents a summary of the design steps involved in
the truss model approach. Detailed explanation of each of the steps, as
well as numerical computations are shown in subsequent sections.
1. Select angle of inclination between the limits
2. Develop truss system
2.1 Determine horizontal dimension of the truss panels
(design zones)
z cota
2.2 Evaluate envelope of the maximum live load shears, the dead
load shear diagram, and determine the direction of the
compression diagonals in each of the design panels (zones) of
the truss model (see Figs. 4.34, 4.35, 4.36, and 4.37).
This member will be designed as a symmetric section, since the
truck loading can approach the bridge from either side. The
design conducted for one-half of the span for the worst
possible combination of live and dead load shears and moments
will simply be repeated on the other half (see Table 4.13).
3. Evaluation of the diagonal compression stresses fd(V)
V
f (V) = n
d [b z sina cosa]
w
where Vn is the nominal shear force V
u
/' = 0.85, at the section