Design of Pier Frame 172

MUMBAI MONORAIL PROJECT
Definiti ve Design Review Design Calculation for Pier

Structures of Pier 1A10a (Frame 4) & Pier 2G1 (Frame 172)
(Buffer Stop) Rev.A1
MM001-D-DR-VSB-LTSE-303182
21-Jun-10
Page 1 / 72

LARSEN & TOUBRO LI MI TED - SCOMI ENGG. BHD. CONSORTI UM

Contract No.: T/MONORAIL/WJ WC/2008
Project Title: MUMBAI MONORAIL

Document Title:

Design Calculation for Pier Structures of Pier
1A10a (Frame 4) & Pier 2G1 (Frame 172)
(Buffer Stop)
(Definitive Design Review)
Revision History

A1 21/6/2010 Initial Submission
MARK DATE DESCRIPTION SYSTEMS CIVIL
APPROVED BY (LTSE)
Project Director
M I S Saini
J oint Project Director
Suhaimi Yaacob
SCOMI ENGINEERING BERHAD LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
Checked By (QA/QC Manager)

Checked By (QA/QC
Manager)

Checked By (Civil Head)
Checked By (Design &
Engineering Manager)

Checked By (Project Manager)
Checked By (Contracts
Manager)

Prepared By Prepared By
DATE DATE
CONTRACTORS
DOCUMENT No.:

DOCUMENT No.:
REVISION
A1


21-Jun-10
Page 2 / 72


PRELIMINARY NOTE

This document is the exclusive property of PJ SI Consultants Sdn. Bhd. (PJ SI).

It is confidential and may not be used, reproduced or communicated either in
whole or in part, in any form or manner without the prior written agreement of
PJ SI.

This document shall not be distributed to third parties except under the terms of
the contract.

REVISION STATUS

A1 21/6/2010 Initial Submission LEEKL YAPKS AKI
Rev. Date Revision Note Designed by Checked by Approval by


21-Jun-10
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE

1. Summary

2. Design Criteria

3. Computer Model

4. Pier Type 12

a. Pier Stem
b. Pier Head
c. Pier Cap

PAGE

4

5

5

8


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1.0 SUMMARY

This report presents the design calculations for Pier 1A10a and 2G1 (Type 12) of frame 4 and
frame 172 with the following parameters. A pair of buffer stops are mounted on the end span
beam adjacent to pier 1A10a and 2G1 to absorb train impact load upon train overshot.

(a) Horizontal alignment of the guideway structure in plan
The alignment is straight or very gently curved with a horizontal radius of greater
than 1000m.

(b) Soil condition
The pier base is founded on shallow foundation where the rock level is shallower
than 5m from the ground level (or about 3m from the pile cut-off level). The base of
the pier is modeled as fixed in this case.

(c) Span configuration of the guideway frame structure
-The spans are not to exceed 27m and each frame has not more than 4 spans hence
limiting the overall length between expansion joints not more than 108m. (Frame 4)
- There is single span which is not exceeds 27m with a bearing end. (Frame 172)

(d) Pier height
-Top surface of the guideway beam is about 15m from the top of pilecap.
(Frame 4 and Frame 172)

Generally, the design of the pier in buffer stop consists of three sections; pier stem, pier head
and pier cap (see Figure 3.1). the pier is of the typical Y pier (1700mm x 1200mm),

The dimensions and reinforcement bars for the piers are summarized as below:

(i) Pier Type 12 (for Pier 1A10a and 2GT) : (Refer drawings MB-GS-D-0557/0558)

- Pier Stem :
o Size : 1700mm x 1200mm (Rectangular shape)
o Main Bars : 48T32 (about 1.89% of A
c
)
o Links : T16-150 (Outer) + 8T12-150 (Ties)

- Pier Head :
o Main Bars : 16T20 + 36T32
o Links : T16-150 (Outer) + 15T12-150 (Ties)

- Pier Cap :
o Main Bars : 12T20 + 34T25 (about 0.90% of A
c
)
o Links : 2T16-175 (Outer) + T16-100/150 (Ties)


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2.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

Refer to design criteria for guide way structure (Definitive Design Review) (MM002-D-DR-
VSP-LTSE-303001) for details design criteria. Apart from the loads as applied in typical
analysis models, these frames are subject to an additional impact load of 400kN, one at a
time, at the end of the frames adjacent to pier 1A10a & 2G1. This impact load of 400kN,
derived from the accidental impact force caused by train overshot, is supplied by Scomi vide
its Letter LT-Gen-MM-L-220378. As it is a type of collision load, it is thus applied under
additional ULS5 load combinations.

Besides, as it is anticipated that these frames are to be connected with future monorail line at
pier 1A10a and 2G1, these piers have thus been duly designed to take the loading from an
isolated single span frame, which is to be supported by bearing on these piers. The vertical
and lateral loads being considered are dead load, superimposed dead load, train live load,
hunting force, and longitudinal traction & braking force, which are applied as point loads on
top of the piers.

3.0 COMPUTER MODEL

Fig 3.1 shows the finite element model of the structure. Elastic springs are included in the
model to simulate the soil-structure interaction in both longitudinal and transverse direction.
The elements local axis and sign conventions of internal forces used in the computer model
are as shown in Fig. 3.2 and Fig. 3.3, respectively.

1A10a


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Fig. 3.1: Frame 4 and Frame 172 models

Fig. 3.2: Local axis of pier elements (right hand rule).

2G1


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Fig. 3.3: Sign convention of internal forces in the element's local coordinate system


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PIER TYPE 12


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4.0 PIER TYPE 12

4.1 PIER STEM TYPE 12

This section documented all results and designs for Pier Stem of TYPE 12.

4.1.1 SUMMARY OF PIER STEM FORCES

The summary of the maximum element forces due to various load combinations are
tabulated as below. The results are separated into two tables; first table presents the
summary solely due to service load combinations 1&5 for crackwidth check, and second
table is of all ultimate load combinations for ultimate design. There are 12 summary cases in
each table, in which:

Case 1 - Maximum & Minimum Axial Force + Corresponding Results
Case 2 - Maximum & Minimum My + Corresponding Results
Case 3 - Maximum & Minimum Mz + Corresponding Results
Case 4 - Maximum & Minimum Vy + Corresponding Results
Case 5 - Maximum & Minimum Vz + Corresponding Results
Case 6 - Maximum & Minimum Torsion + Corresponding Results

Negative sign in axial force indicates compression and vice versa. As the global analysis
model does not include secondary effects on slender column, additional moment induced
due to slenderness of column shall be added to the initial moment extracted from the
analysis model. If it is short column, additional moment produced in considering a nominal
allowance for eccentricity due to construction tolerance (20mm) shall be added to the initial
moment from the analysis model. The calculation is as shown below:

Notation :
N = Axial force (kN)
My_ct = Bending moment about local axis-y for construction tolerance (kNm)
My_s = Bending moment about local axis-y due to column slenderness (kNm)
Mz_ct = Bending moment about local axis-z for construction tolerance (kNm)
Mz_s = Bending moment about local axis-z due to column slenderness (kNm)

(i) Column bending about local-y

- Shape of deflection:

z
N
lo = 15000mm


21-Jun-10
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- Column dimension: (shown with local axis)

- Check slenderness:
l
ey
= 1.5 l
o
= 22.50m
l
ey
/h
z
= 22.50m / 1.20m = 18.75 > 12 Slender column

- Additional moment due to construction tolerance (20mm), My_ct :
My_ct = 0.02N

- Additional moment due to column slenderness, My_s :
My_s = N [(h
z
/1750) (l
ey
/ h
z
)
2
(1-0.0035 l
ey
/ h
z
)]
= 0.225N

(ii) Column bending about local-z

- Shape of deflection:

15000mm
X
Z
Top face of pilecap
N
y
lo = 15000mm
1700
z
y
1200


21-Jun-10
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- Column dimension: (shown with local axis)

- Check slenderness:
l
ez
= 2.3 l
o
= 34.50m
l
ez
/h
y
= 34.50m / 1.7m = 20.29 > 12 slender column

- Additional moment due to construction tolerance (20mm),Mz_ct :
Mz_ct = 0.02N

- Additional moment due to column slenderness,Mz_s :
Mz_s = N [(h
y
/1750) (l
ez
/ h
y
)
2
(1-0.0035 l
ez
/ h
y
)]
= 0.372N

These additional moments due to the effects of construction tolerance or pier slenderness
(whichever is greater) are then added to the Midas analysis output for final design forces.

15000mm
X
Y
Top face of pilecap
1700
z
y
1200


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Pier Stem Results

Table 4.1: Service Load Combinations 1&5 (S1&S5)
CASE Elem Load Part Axial My Mz Vy Vz T
(kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kN) (kN) (kNm)
1 (max) 1010 S1-64(max) I[1011] -2288 12 -3 7 -94 41
1 (min) 3010 S1-11 J[3012] -4507 -1251 -436 45 256 113
2 (max) 1010 S1-57(max) J[1012] -3197 1539 -972 19 -127 115
2 (min) 3010 S5.1-3 J[3012] -4276 -2834 -196 67 440 268
3 (max) 1010 S1-24(max) J[1012] -3442 919 2027 -28 -7 138
3 (min) 3010 S1-13 J[3012] -3754 -607 -1489 91 132 13
4 (max) 3010 S1-13 I[3011] -3357 602 -649 91 132 13
4 (min) 1010 S1-28(max) I[1011] -2828 837 624 -84 106 70
5 (max) 3010 S5.1-2 I[3011] -3878 1223 -384 -15 440 -252
5 (min) 1010 S1-57(min) I[1011] -2876 -697 -800 19 -243 115
6 (max) 1010 SLS5-2(max) I[1011] -3025 454 1354 -33 15 277
6 (min) 3010 S5.1-2 I[3011] -3878 1223 -384 -15 440 -252

Table 4.2: Ultimate Load Combinations 1 - 5 (U1-U5)
1 (max) 1010 U4.1-256 I[1011] -2801 -1675 -1044 10 -577 65
1 (min) 3010 U3b_3.1-11 J[3012] -6381 -3501 -3629 20 -13 -120
2 (max) 1010 U4.1-129 J[1012] -4892 6370 -2384 54 -751 19
2 (min) 1010 U4.1-92 J[1012] -4613 -4831 3938 -134 635 111
3 (max) 1010 U2b.1-20 J[1012] -5143 -1408 7244 -224 132 214
3 (min) 1010 U3b_4.1-59 J[1012] -4753 1735 -5324 -35 -160 -189
4 (max) 3010 U2b.1-10 I[3011] -5157 2818 -2210 316 374 -93
4 (min) 1010 U2b.1-28 I[1011] -3890 1846 3875 -303 153 313
5 (max) 3010 U5.1-1 J[3012] -3738 -3938 -1451 5 1300 -50
5 (min) 1010 U4.1-129 I[1011] -4329 -2608 -1679 54 -751 19
6 (max) 1010 U2b.1-25 I[1011] -4190 1145 3118 -168 -59 591
6 (min) 1010 U3b_4.1-4 I[1011] -4235 -1023 -2064 -13 -180 -419


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4.1.2 PIER STEM ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE DESIGN

The ultimate limit state sectional analysis is carried out by AdSEC software, whereas
ultimate shear and torsion design is done by using spreadsheet.

4.1.2.1 Pier Stem Axial and Bending Design to IRS CBC - 1997

The table 4.3 shows the envelope of pier forces for ultimate axial and bending design. The
ultimate limit state analysis is done by using AdSEC software. Figure 4.1 shows the
arrangement of bars in the pier stem. 7 cases are studied, which are:

Case 1 - Max & Min Axial Force + Corresponding Results
Case 2 - Max & Min My + Corresponding Results
Case 3 - Max & Min Mz + Corresponding Results
Case 6 - Absolute Max Torsion + Corresponding Results

Table 4.3: Ultimate Load Combinations 1 - 5 (U1-U5) Maximum Final Design Forces for
Axial and Bending Design
1 (max) 1010 U4.1-256 I[1011] -2801 -1675 -1044 10 -577 65
1 (min) 3010 U3b_3.1-11 J[3012] -6381 -3501 -3629 20 -13 -120
2 (max) 1010 U4.1-129 J[1012] -4892 6370 -2384 54 -751 19
2 (min) 1010 U4.1-92 J[1012] -4613 -4831 3938 -134 635 111
3 (max) 1010 U2b.1-20 J[1012] -5143 -1408 7244 -224 132 214
3 (min) 1010 U3b_4.1-59 J[1012] -4753 1735 -5324 -35 -160 -189
6 (max) 1010 U2b.1-25 I[1011] -4190 1145 3118 -168 -59 591

Fig. 4.1: Pier Stem bar arrangement


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Definition
Name Pier Stem 12
Type Concrete
Material C45
Section Area 2.039E+6mm
Reinforcement Area 38600.mm
Reinforcement 1.894%

Properties
Area 2.039E+6mm
Geometric Centroid y 0.0mm
z 0.0mm
Second Moments of Area Iyy 244.4E+9mm4
Izz 490.4E+9mm4
Iyz -10760.mm4
Principal Second Moments of Area Iuu 490.4E+9mm4
Izz 244.4E+9mm4
Angle 90.00
Shear Area Factor ky 0
kz 0
Torsion Constant 0.0mm4
Section Modulus Zy 407.3E+6mm
Zz 577.0E+6mm
Plastic Modulus Zpy 611.3E+6mm
Zpz 865.9E+6mm
Radius of Gyration Ry 346.2mm
Rz 490.5mm
Maximum compressive force Nmax 53990.kN
Strain at Nmax 0
Moment at ref. pt. for Nmax Myy 0.0kNm
Mzz 0.0kNm
Note: Nmax is the maximum compressive force which can be carried by the section.
This is calculated by applying a constant strain across the entire section, using
ultimate material properties.


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Section Material Properties
Type Concrete
Name C45
Weight Normal Weight
Density 2.300t/m
Cube Strength fcu 45Mpa
Tensile Strength fct 3.22Mpa
Elastic Modulus (short term) E 32500MPa
Poisson's Ratio v 0.2
Coeff. Thermal Expansion 12.00E-6/C
Partial Safety Factor
mc
,ULS 1.5
mc
,SLS 1
Maximum Strain 0.0035
ULS Compression Curve Recto-parabolic
ULS Tension Curve No-tension
SLS Compression Curve Linear
SLS Tension Curve No-tension
Aggregate Size 20.00mm

Reinforcement Properties

Loading
Reference Point
All loading acts through the Reference Point.
All strain planes are defined relative to the Reference Point.
Definition Geometric Centroid
Reference Point Coordinates y 0.0mm
z 0.0mm
Total ULS Loads
Analysis N Myy Mzz M
Case [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] []
1 2801 -1675 -1044 1974 148.1
2 6381 -3501 -3629 5042 134
3 4892 6370 -2384 6801 20.52
4 4613 -4831 3938 6233 -140.8
5 5143 -1408 7244 7380 -101
Name Fe500
fy 500MPa
Modulus 200000MPa
mc
,ULS 1.15
mc
,SLS 1
Maximum Strain 0.05
Stress/Strain Curve Fig 2


21-Jun-10
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6 4753 1735 -5324 5600 71.95
7 4190 1145 3118 3322 -69.84

Strength Analysis Summary
Governing conditions are defined as:
A - reinforcing steel tension strain limit
B - concrete compression strain limit
Effective centroid is reported relative to the reference point.
Analysis Eff. Eff. N Nmax N/Nmax M Mu M/Mu Governing Neutral Neutral
Case Centroid Centroid Condition Axis Axis
(y) (z) Angle Depth
(
NA
)
[mm] [mm] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [] [mm]
1 0.00 0.00 2801 53990 0.0519 1974.0 9965 0.1981 B: Node 7 160.5 559.6
2 0.00 0.00 6381 53990 0.1182 5042.0 11150 0.4521 B: Node 7 148.7 748.9
3 0.00 0.00 4892 53990 0.0906 6801.0 10400 0.6543 B: Node 2 13.33 517.6
4 0.00 0.00 4613 53990 0.0854 6233.0 10590 0.5883 B: Node 6 -154.3 665.8
5 0.00 0.00 5143 53990 0.0953 7380.0 13230 0.5580 B: Node 5 -111.7 691.1
6 0.00 0.00 4753 53990 0.0880 5600.0 12490 0.4483 B: Node 1 58.38 737.3
7 0.00 0.00 4190 53990 0.0776 3322 12160 0.2731 B: Node 4 -55.92 732.9

M/Mu < 1.0 OK!

4.1.2.2 Pier Stem Shear and Torsion Design to IRS CBC - 1997

The table 4.4 shows the most critical cases for shear and torsion design.

Shear and Torsion Design
4 (max) 3010 U2b.1-10 I[3011] -5157 2818 -2210 316 374 -93
4 (min) 1010 U2b.1-28 I[1011] -3890 1846 3875 -303 153 313
5 (max) 3010 U5.1-1 J[3012] -3738 -3938 -1451 5 1300 -50
5 (min) 1010 U4.1-129 I[1011] -4329 -2608 -1679 54 -751 19
6 (max) 1010 U2b.1-25 I[1011] -4190 1145 3118 -168 -59 591
6 (min) 1010 U3b_4.1-4 I[1011] -4235 -1023 -2064 -13 -180 -419

The design calculations for ultimate shear and torsion are shown in the spreadsheet next
pages. 3 cases are studied, which are:

i) Absolute Maximum Vy + Corresponding Vz & Torsion
ii) Absolute Maximum Vz + Corresponding Vy & Torsion
iii) Absolute Maximum Torsion + Corresponding Vz & Vy


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PIER SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN
to IRS CBC - 1997
Reference : Pier Stem for Buffer Stop
Case : Maximum Vy + corresponding Vz & Torsion
Input Data : Z
h
y
= 1700 mm Cover = 50 mm Y
b
z
= 1200 mm Tension Reinf. F = 32 mm
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
As provided,(z-dir) = 8040 mm
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
As provided,(y-dir) = 14472 mm
2
1200
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Shear Link, (z-dir) = 12 mm
Shear Link, (y-dir) = 12 mm 1700
Torsion Link = 16 mm
Analysis Results :
Shear (z-dir) = 374 kN
Shear (y-dir) = 316 kN
N = 5157 kN
Torsion = 93 kNm
SHEAR DESIGN (Cl. 15.6.6 IRS CBC - 1997)
a) Shear in z- direction:
V = 374.0 kN
b = 1700.0 mm
d = 1118.0 mm
v
z
= 0.20
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.76
vc = 0.67 N/mm
2
depth factor, s= 0.82
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.13
Asv/sv = 1.88 mm
2
/mm
b) Shear in y- direction:
V = 316.0 kN
b = 1200.0 mm
d = 1618.0 mm
v
y
= 0.16
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.41
vc = 0.55 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.13
Asv/sv = 1.33 mm
2
/mm
c) Shear resistance of pier:
Vcz = 1181 kN [concrete capacity)
Vsz = 2604 kN [link capacity = 0.87fy(As)d/(sv) ]
Vcy = 843 kN [concrete capacity]
Vsy= 2887 kN [link capacity = 0.87fy(As)d/(sv)]
Vz / Vuz + Vy / Vuy < 1
0.10 + 0.08 = 0.18 OK!


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TORSION DESIGN (Cl. 15.4.4 IRS CBC - 1997)
a) Torsional Shear Stress, v
t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.10
N/mm
2
h
min
= 1200 mm
h
max
= 1700 mm
c) Minimum Ultimate Torsional Shear Stress, v
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu )
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
No Torsional Reinf Required
d) Ultimate Torsional Shear Stress, v
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu)
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 1068 mm
y
1 = 1568 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.30
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.26
N/mm
2
(OK)
e) Torsional link, A
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.19
mm
2
/mm
COMBINED SHEAR AND TORSION DESIGN
a) Shear Links
Torsion Required 2 T 16 Links @ 2091
alone Provide 2 T 16 Links @ 150 (Asv/sv = 2.68 mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
Torsion In z-dir: Total torsion + shear link required = 2.08 mm
2
/mm
+ Provide 2 T 16 Links @ 150 + (outer legs)
Shear 5 T 12 Links @ 150 (inner legs) (Asv/sv = 6.45 mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
Torsion In y-dir: Total torsion + shear link required = 1.52 mm
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
b) Longitudinal Reinforcement, A
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.10
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 253 mm
2
Required 1 T 32 EF (As = 804 mm
2
)


21-Jun-10
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to IRS CBC - 1997
Case : Maximum Vz + corresponding Vy & Torsion
Input Data : Z
hy = 1700 mm Cover = 50 mm Y
bz = 1200 mm Tension Reinf. F = 32 mm
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
1200
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = -3738 kN
Torsion = 50 kNm
V = 1300.0 kN
b = 1700.0 mm
d = 1118.0 mm
vz = 0.68
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.76
vc = 0.67 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 0.91
Asv/sv = 2.74 mm
2
/mm
V = 5.0 kN
b = 1200.0 mm
d = 1618.0 mm
vy = 0.00
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.41
vc = 0.55 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 0.91
Asv/sv = 1.33 mm
2
/mm
0.37 + 0.00 = 0.37 OK!


21-Jun-10
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t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.05
N/mm
2
h
min
= 1200 mm
h
max
= 1700 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 1068 mm
y
1 = 1568 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.74
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.06
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.10
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.05
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 136 mm
2
2
)


21-Jun-10
Page 21 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Case : Maximum Torsion + corresponding Vy & Vz
Input Data : Z
h
y
b
z
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
1200
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 4190 kN
Torsion = 591 kNm
V = 59.0 kN
b = 1700.0 mm
d = 1118.0 mm
v
z
= 0.03
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.76
vc = 0.67 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.10
Asv/sv = 1.88 mm
2
/mm
V = 168.0 kN
b = 1200.0 mm
d = 1618.0 mm
v
y
= 0.09
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.41
vc = 0.55 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.10
Asv/sv = 1.33 mm
2
/mm
0.02 + 0.05 = 0.06 OK!


21-Jun-10
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t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.63
N/mm
2
h
min
= 1200 mm
h
max
= 1700 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
Torsional Reinf Required
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 1068 mm
y
1 = 1568 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.66
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.72
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 1.22
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.61
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 1610 mm
2
2
)

Maximum torsion induced in pier stem required 3T32 each face or total 6T32, which is about
0.1071 of total perimeter bar provided. The ultimate moment utilized 0.2731 corresponding
to absolute maximum torsion, giving a total utilization ratio of 0.3802 < 1. Hence, it deemed
satisfactory.


21-Jun-10
Page 23 / 72

4.1.3 PIER STEM SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CHECK

The crack width of the pier is checked against service load combinations 1&5, by using
AdSEC software. Table below shows the envelope of pier forces for serviceability check. The
arrangement of bars in the pier stem is shown in ultimate limit check. 6 cases are checked,
which are:


Table 4.5: Serviceability Load Combinations 1&5 (S1 and S5) Maximum Final Forces for
Combined Axial and Bending SLS check
CASE Elem Load Part Axial My Mz
(kN) (kNm) (kNm)
1 (max) 1010 S1-64(max) I[1011] -2288 12 -3
1 (min) 3010 S1-11 J[3012] -4507 -1251 -436
2 (max) 1010 S1-57(max) J[1012] -3197 1539 -972
2 (min) 3010 S5.1-3 J[3012] -4276 -2834 -196
3 (max) 1010 S1-24(max) J[1012] -3442 919 2027
3 (min) 3010 S1-13 J[3012] -3754 -607 -1489

Loading
Reference Point
z 0.0mm

Applied loads
Load N Myy Mzz
Case [kN] [kNm] [kNm]
1 2288 12 -3
2 4507 -1251 -436
3 3197 1539 -972
4 4276 -2834 -196
5 3442 919 2027
6 3754 -607 -1489


21-Jun-10
Page 24 / 72

SLS Cases Analysed
Name Loading Pre-stress Creep Mq/Mg Cnom Crack Eqn.
Long Interm. Short Factor Coeff.
Term Term Term A [mm]
1 L1 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
2 L2 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
3 L3 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
4 L4 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
5 L5 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
6 L6 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24

Total SLS Loads
1 2288 12 -3 12.37 14.04
2 4507 -1251 -436 1325 160.8
3 3197 1539 -972 1820 32.28
4 4276 -2834 -196 2841 176
5 3442 919 2027 2226 -65.61
6 3754 -607 -1489 1608 112.2

SLS Loads Analysis - Summary
Analysis Secant Neutral Neutral k at M
0

Case EI Axis Axis
Angle Depth
(
NA
)
[kNm] [] [mm] [/m]
1 4.34E+06 7.492 28070 1.94E-12
2 4.35E+06 169 1241 1.23E-12
3 3.89E+06 19.81 1015 2.07E-12
4 3.25E+06 177.7 714.1 1.78E-12
5 5.35E+06 -49.51 1230 1.74E-12
6 6.30E+06 127.8 1499 1.61E-12

Moment summary for SLS axial loads
Effective centroid is reported relative to the reference points
Case Eff. Centroid N Nmax N/Nmax M Mu M/Mu Mcr
y z
[mm] [mm] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
1 0.00 0.00 2288 53990 0.04 12 9526 0.00 433
2 0.00 0.00 4507 53990 0.08 1325 10280 0.13 827
3 0.00 0.00 3197 53990 0.06 1820 10080 0.18 565


21-Jun-10
Page 25 / 72

4 0.00 0.00 4276 53990 0.08 2841 10260 0.28 881
5 0.00 0.00 3442 53990 0.06 2226 11650 0.19 702
6 0.00 0.00 3754 53990 0.07 1608 11890 0.14 783

Crack Widths at SLS Loads
Crack widths calculated at 20mm intervals
Analysis Face Point y z Strain Strain bt Control Acr Cmin Cmin h x Crack
Case Em E1 Bar From Width
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
2 2 79 684.7 588 -64.90E-06 -64.90E-06 732.3 17 66 62 Face 2 1492 1241 0.0114
3 86 795.3 588 -71.32E-06 -71.32E-06 732.3 1 55.44 62 Face 2 1492 1241 0.0114
4 90 834 549.3 -61.99E-06 -61.99E-06 732.3 1 55.44 62 Face 2 1492 1241 0.0099
3 4 140 834 -450.7 -250.40E-06 -250.40E-06 878.9 8 81.19 62 Face 6 1688 1015 0.0558
5 149 795.3 -588 -304.70E-06 -304.70E-06 878.9 8 55.44 62 Face 6 1688 1015 0.0499
6 161 575.3 -588 -269.90E-06 -269.90E-06 878.9 27 73.64 62 Face 6 1688 1015 0.0557
7 231 -7.95E+02 -588 -52.70E-06 -52.70E-06 878.9 16 55.44 62 Face 6 1688 1015 0.0086
8 235 -8.34E+02 -549.3 -29.57E-06 -29.57E-06 878.9 16 55.44 62 Face 6 1688 1015 0.0048
4 1 4 -795.3 588.0 -414.20E-06 -414.20E-06 1701 9 55.44 62 Face 2 1264 714.1 0.0676
2 73 564.7 588.0 -460.90E-06 -460.90E-06 1701 18 80.2 62 Face 2 1264 714.1 0.0999
3 86 795.3 588.0 -468.90E-06 -468.90E-06 1701 1 55.44 62 Face 2 1264 714.1 0.0765
4 95 834 449.3 -349.20E-06 -349.20E-06 1701 1 82.16 62 Face 2 1264 714.1 0.0771
8 285 -834 450.7 -293.00E-06 -293.00E-06 1701 9 81.19 62 Face 2 1264 714.1 0.0641
5 1 1 -834 5.49E+02 -27.90E-06 -27.90E-06 655.6 9 55.44 62 Face 2 2040 1230 0.0046
2 5 -795.3 588 -5.24E-06 -5.24E-06 655.6 9 55.44 62 Face 2 2040 1230 0.0009
6 218 -564.7 -588 -249.70E-06 -249.70E-06 655.6 35 80.2 62 Face 6 2040 1230 0.0559
7 234 -8.34E+02 -549.3 -324.40E-06 -324.40E-06 655.6 16 55.44 62 Face 6 2040 1230 0.0532
8 240 -834 -449.3 -297.40E-06 -297.40E-06 655.6 16 82.16 62 Face 6 2040 1230 0.0679
6 2 85 7.95E+02 588 -131.20E-06 -131.20E-06 486.7 1 55.44 62 Face 2 2048 1499 0.0214
3 89 834 549.3 -133.00E-06 -133.00E-06 486.7 1 55.44 62 Face 2 2048 1499 0.0217
4 95 834 449.3 -117.30E-06 -117.30E-06 486.7 1 82.16 62 Face 2 2048 1499 0.0259

Max. Crack width = 0.0999 < 0.2mm OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 26 / 72

4.2 PIER HEAD TYPE 12

The methodology adopted for the computation of the forces acting on the solid pier-head is
as described below. The corresponding member forces (for the same relevant load
case/combination) in each of the two pier legs from the computer model are resolved and
statically combined to act at the centroid of the solid pier-head. The envelope of the resultant
forces for all the relevant load cases and combinations are then used for section analysis
using the AdSec software to check for crack-width and ultimate strength capacity.

1. Find the member forces for each of the two pier legs corresponding to the relevant
load case/combination.
2. Resolve the member forces to the line of cut taking into consideration of the geometry
and inclination of the pier legs. Two horizontal cuts are made (See Fig 4.2): CUT-1 at
the top of the pier-head and just below the pier-cap, and CUT-2 at the mid-height of
the pier-head i.e. mid-point between the pier-cap and the top of the pier stem.
3. The resolved member forces are statically combined to obtain the force resultant
acting at the centroid of the solid pier-head.
4. The envelope of the force resultants from various relevant load combinations are then
used for section analyses to check for crack-width and ultimate strength capacity by
means of the AdSec software.

Fig. 4.2: Figure Showing CUT-1 And CUT-2 Across The PierHead


21-Jun-10
Page 27 / 72

4.2.1 SUMMARY OF RESULTANT FORCES FOR TYPE 12 PIER-HEADS

The summary of the envelope of maximum resultant forces in the pier-heads TYPE 12 due to
various load combinations are tabulated below. The results are separated into two tables.
Tables 4.6 and 4.8 present the force summaries at CUT-1 (just below the pier-cap, see Fig4.2)
and CUT-2 (at pier-head mid height) due to service load combination 1 for the purpose of
crack-width check. Tables 4.7 and 4.9 are of all ultimate load combinations for the purpose of
ultimate limit state design. There are 12 summary cases in each table, namely:

Case 1 Maximum & minimum Axial Force + corresponding results
Case 3 Maximum & minimum My + corresponding results
Case 5 Maximum & minimum Mz + corresponding results

Negative sign in axial force indicates compression and vice versa.

Envelope Of Type 12 Pier-Head Resultant Forces

Table 4.6: Service Load Combinations 1&5 (SLS1 and SLS5) Along CUT-1
CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
Elem Load Axial My Mz Vy Vz T
1 (max) 1008 1009 S1-32(max) -2328 -1000 62 -53 -60 189
1 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3648 -629 -2589 440 67 268
2 (max) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2516 741 957 -185 19 105
2 (min) 1008 1009 S1-24(max) -2761 -1683 106 -66 -28 129
3 (max) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2516 741 957 -185 19 105
3 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-2 -3648 431 -2602 440 -15 -252
4 (max) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3648 -629 -2589 440 67 268
4 (min) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2516 741 957 -185 19 105
5 (max) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3648 -629 -2589 440 67 268
5 (min) 1008 1009 S1-32(max) -2328 -1000 62 -53 -60 189
6 (max) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3648 -629 -2589 440 67 268
6 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-2 -3648 431 -2602 440 -15 -252


21-Jun-10
Page 28 / 72

Table 4.7: Ultimate Load Combinations 1 - 5 (U1-U5) Along CUT-1
CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
1 (max) 3008 3009 U3a_2.1-1 -2885 1 -87 6 5 -150
1 (min) 3008 3009 U2b.1-11 -5463 -760 -3008 407 86 351
2 (max) 3008 3009 U3b_3.1-15 -4843 1362 -1884 181 26 216
2 (min) 1008 1009 U2b.1-22 -3869 -3312 -440 22 -130 384
3 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-129 -4041 -99 3987 -751 54 19
3 (min) 3008 3009 U5.1-3 -4909 -1052 -3536 520 136 286
4 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-94 -3339 -1543 -3095 525 -95 279
4 (min) 1008 1009 U4.1-129 -4041 -99 3987 -751 54 19
5 (max) 3008 3009 U5.1-3 -4909 -1052 -3536 520 136 286
5 (min) 3008 3009 U2b.1-8 -4154 -1158 -2547 326 -217 254
6 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-153 -3741 -384 2565 -541 -77 433
6 (min) 1008 1009 U4.1-132 -3741 -291 2558 -540 -2 -304

Table 4.8: Service Load Combinations 1&5 (SLS1 and SLS5) Along CUT-2
CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
1 (max) 1008 1009 S1-32(max) -2443 -1095 -21 -53 -60 189
1 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3764 -524 -1899 440 67 268
2 (max) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2631 770 667 -185 19 105
2 (min) 1008 1009 S1-24(max) -2877 -1727 3 -66 -28 129
3 (max) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2631 770 667 -185 19 105
3 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-2 -3763 408 -1912 440 -15 -252
4 (max) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3764 -524 -1899 440 67 268
4 (min) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2631 770 667 -185 19 105
5 (max) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3764 -524 -1899 440 67 268
5 (min) 1008 1009 S1-32(max) -2443 -1095 -21 -53 -60 189
6 (max) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3764 -524 -1899 440 67 268
6 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-2 -3763 408 -1912 440 -15 -252


21-Jun-10
Page 29 / 72

Table 4.9: Ultimate Load Combinations 1 - 5 (U1-U5) Along CUT-2
CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
1 (max) 3008 3009 U3a_2.1-1 -3029 9 -87 6 5 -191
1 (min) 3008 3009 U2b.1-11 -5608 -625 -2371 407 86 351
2 (max) 3008 3009 U3b_3.1-15 -4987 1403 -1598 181 26 226
2 (min) 1008 1009 U2b.1-22 -4013 -3516 -406 22 -130 384
3 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-129 -4185 -14 2810 -751 54 19
3 (min) 3008 3009 U5.1-3 -5053 -839 -2721 520 136 286
4 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-94 -3483 -1693 -2272 525 -95 279
4 (min) 1008 1009 U4.1-129 -4185 -14 2810 -751 54 19
5 (max) 3008 3009 U5.1-3 -5053 -839 -2721 520 136 286
5 (min) 3008 3009 U2b.1-8 -4298 -1498 -2036 326 -217 254
6 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-153 -3885 -505 1717 -541 -77 433
6 (min) 1008 1009 U4.1-132 -3886 -294 1712 -540 -2 -304


21-Jun-10
Page 30 / 72

4.2.2 TYPE 12 PIER-HEADS Of PIER: ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE DESIGN

The ultimate limit state sectional analysis is carried out by AdSec software, whereas shear
and torsion design is done by using spreadsheet.

4.2.2.1 Type 12 Pier-Heads Of Pier: Axial and Bending Design to IRS CBC 1997 Along
CUT-1

Table below shows the envelope of pier-head resultant forces along CUT-1 for ultimate axial
and bending design. The ultimate limit state analyses are done by using AdSec software.
Figure shows the arrangement of bars in the pier-head. 6 cases are studied, which are:


Table 4.10: Ultimate Load Combinations 1 - 5 (U1-U5) Maximum And Minimum Resultant
Forces Of Pier-Head Type 12 At CUT-1 for Combined Axial and Bending Ultimate Design
CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
1 (max) 3008 3009 U3a_2.1-1 -2885 1 -87 6 5 -150
1 (min) 3008 3009 U2b.1-11 -5463 -760 -3008 407 86 351
2 (max) 3008 3009 U3b_3.1-15 -4843 1362 -1884 181 26 216
2 (min) 1008 1009 U2b.1-22 -3869 -3312 -440 22 -130 384
3 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-129 -4041 -99 3987 -751 54 19
3 (min) 3008 3009 U5.1-3 -4909 -1052 -3536 520 136 286

Fig. 4.3: Pier HEAD bar arrangement


21-Jun-10
Page 31 / 72

Definition
Name Pier HEAD 12
Type Concrete
Material C45

Properties
Area 5.693E+6mm
z 0.0mm
Izz 10.68E+12mm4
Iyz -436800.mm4
Izz 682.8E+9mm4
Angle 90.00
kz 0
Zz 4.500E+9mm
Zpz 6.752E+9mm
Rz 1369mm
Strain at Nmax 0
Mzz 0.0kNm

Type Concrete
Name C45
Density 2.300t/m


21-Jun-10
Page 32 / 72

mc
,ULS 1.5
mc
,SLS 1

Loading
Reference Point
z 0.0mm
Total ULS Loads
1 2885 1 -87 87.01 89.34
2 5463 -760 -3008 3103 104.2
3 4843 1362 -1884 2325 54.14
4 3869 -3312 -440 3341 172.4
5 4041 -99 3987 3988 -91.42
6 4909 -1052 -3536 3689 106.6

Name Fe500
fy 500MPa
Modulus 200000MPa
mc
,ULS 1.15
mc
,SLS 1
Maximum Strain 0.05


21-Jun-10
Page 33 / 72

(y) (z) Angle Depth
(
NA
)
1 0.00 0.00 2885 125900 0.0229 87.0 37880 0.0023 B: Node 1 84.22 572.5
2 0.00 0.00 5463 125900 0.0434 3103.0 33030 0.0939 B: Node 7 165.7 624.6
3 0.00 0.00 4843 125900 0.0385 2325.0 17080 0.1361 B: Node 2 3.018 280
4 0.00 0.00 3869 125900 0.0307 3341.0 10010 0.3339 B: Node 7 179.8 136
5 0.00 0.00 4041 125900 0.0321 3988.0 39950 0.0998 B: Node 5 -102.8 681.3
6 0.00 0.00 4909 125900 0.0390 3689.0 29920 0.1233 B: Node 7 169.1 539.1

M/Mu < 1.0 OK!

4.2.2.2 Type 12 Pier-Heads Of Pier: Axial and Bending Design to IRS CBC 1997 Along
CUT-2

Table below shows the envelope of pier-head resultant forces along CUT-2 for ultimate axial
and bending design. The ultimate limit state analyses are done by using AdSec software.
Figure shows the arrangement of bars in the pier-head. 6 cases are studied, which are:


Table 4.11: Ultimate Load Combinations 1 - 5 (U1-U5) Maximum And Minimum Resultant
Forces Of Pier-Head Type 12 At CUT-2 for Combined Axial and Bending Ultimate Design
CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
1 (max) 3008 3009 U3a_2.1-1 -3029 9 -87 6 5 -191
1 (min) 3008 3009 U2b.1-11 -5608 -625 -2371 407 86 351
2 (max) 3008 3009 U3b_3.1-15 -4987 1403 -1598 181 26 226
2 (min) 1008 1009 U2b.1-22 -4013 -3516 -406 22 -130 384
3 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-129 -4185 -14 2810 -751 54 19
3 (min) 3008 3009 U5.1-3 -5053 -839 -2721 520 136 286


21-Jun-10
Page 34 / 72


Fig. 4.4: Pier HEAD Cut 2 bar arrangement
Definition
Name Pier HEAD 12
Type Concrete
Material C45

Properties
Area 2.892E+6mm
z 0.0mm
Izz 1.400E+12mm4
Iyz -46030.mm4
Izz 346.7E+9mm4
Angle 90.00
kz 0
Zz 1.161E+9mm
Zpz 1.742E+9mm
Rz 695.7mm
Strain at Nmax 0


21-Jun-10
Page 35 / 72

Moment at ref. pt. for Nmax Myy 8.078E-6kNm
Mzz 0.0kNm

Type Concrete
Name C45
Density 2.300t/m
mc
,ULS 1.5
mc
,SLS 1

Loading
Reference Point
z 0.0mm
Name Fe500
fy 500MPa
Modulus 200000MPa
mc
,ULS 1.15
mc
,SLS 1
Maximum Strain 0.05


21-Jun-10
Page 36 / 72

Total ULS Loads
1 3029 9 -87 87.46 84.09
2 5608 -625 -2371 2452 104.8
3 4987 1403 -1598 2127 48.72
4 4013 -3516 -406 3539 173.4
5 4185 -14 2810 2810 -90.29
6 5053 -839 -2721 2847 107.1


(y) (z) Angle Depth
(
NA
)
1 0.00 0.00 3029 67890 0.0446 87.5 15790 0.0055 B: Node 1 70.99 601.3
2 0.00 0.00 5608 67890 0.0826 2452.0 16200 0.1514 B: Node 8 133.5 796.8
3 0.00 0.00 4987 67890 0.0735 2127.0 11440 0.1860 B: Node 2 14.7 545.5
4 0.00 0.00 4013 67890 0.0591 3539.0 8476 0.4176 B: Node 7 178.5 235.9
5 0.00 0.00 4185 67890 0.0617 2810.0 17070 0.1646 B: Node 5 -90.99 469.2
6 0.00 0.00 5053 67890 0.0744 2847.0 15450 0.1843 B: Node 7 138 778.8

M/Mu < 1.0 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 37 / 72

4.2.2.2 Type 12 Pier-Heads Of Pier: Shear And Torsion Design to IRS CBC 1997 Along
CUT-1


CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
4 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-94 -3339 -1543 -3095 525 -95 279
4 (min) 1008 1009 U4.1-129 -4041 -99 3987 -751 54 19
5 (max) 3008 3009 U5.1-3 -4909 -1052 -3536 520 136 286
5 (min) 3008 3009 U2b.1-8 -4154 -1158 -2547 326 -217 254
6 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-153 -3741 -384 2565 -541 -77 433
6 (min) 1008 1009 U4.1-132 -3741 -291 2558 -540 -2 -304




21-Jun-10
Page 38 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Reference : Pier Head for Buffer Stop (CUT 1)
Input Data : Z
h
y
b
z
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
1200
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 4041 kN
Torsion = 19 kNm
V = 54.0 kN
b = 4745.0 mm
d = 1118.0 mm
v
z
= 0.01
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.23
vc = 0.45 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.04
Asv/sv = 5.26 mm
2
/mm
V = 751.0 kN
b = 1200.0 mm
d = 4663.0 mm
v
y
= 0.13
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.11
vc = 0.36 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.04
Asv/sv = 1.33 mm
2
/mm
0.01 + 0.07 = 0.08 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 39 / 72

t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.01
N/mm
2
h
min
= 1200 mm
h
max
= 4745 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 1068 mm
y
1 = 4613 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.02
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.14
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.01
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.01
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 38 mm
2
2
)


21-Jun-10
Page 40 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Input Data : Z
h
y
b
z
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
1200
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 4154 kN
Torsion = 254 kNm
V = 217.0 kN
b = 4745.0 mm
d = 1118.0 mm
v
z
= 0.04
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.23
vc = 0.45 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.04
Asv/sv = 5.26 mm
2
/mm
V = 326.0 kN
b = 1200.0 mm
d = 4663.0 mm
v
y
= 0.06
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.11
vc = 0.36 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.04
Asv/sv = 1.33 mm
2
/mm
0.03 + 0.03 = 0.06 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 41 / 72

t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.08
N/mm
2
h
min
= 1200 mm
h
max
= 4745 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 1068 mm
y
1 = 4613 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.12
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.14
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.18
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.09
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 507 mm
2
2
)


21-Jun-10
Page 42 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Input Data : Z
h
y
b
z
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
1200
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 3741 kN
Torsion = 433 kNm
V = 77.0 kN
b = 4745.0 mm
d = 1118.0 mm
v
z
= 0.01
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.23
vc = 0.45 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.03
Asv/sv = 5.26 mm
2
/mm
V = 541.0 kN
b = 1200.0 mm
d = 4663.0 mm
v
y
= 0.10
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.11
vc = 0.36 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.03
Asv/sv = 1.33 mm
2
/mm
0.01 + 0.05 = 0.06 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 43 / 72

t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.14
N/mm
2
h
min
= 1200 mm
h
max
= 4745 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 1068 mm
y
1 = 4613 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.15
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.24
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.30
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.15
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 864 mm
2
2
)


21-Jun-10
Page 44 / 72

4.2.2.3 Type 12 Pier-Heads Of Pier: Shear And Torsion Design to IRS CBC 1997 Along
CUT-2


CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
4 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-94 -3483 -1693 -2272 525 -95 279
4 (min) 1008 1009 U4.1-129 -4185 -14 2810 -751 54 19
5 (max) 3008 3009 U5.1-3 -5053 -839 -2721 520 136 286
5 (min) 3008 3009 U2b.1-8 -4298 -1498 -2036 326 -217 254
6 (max) 1008 1009 U4.1-153 -3885 -505 1717 -541 -77 433
6 (min) 1008 1009 U4.1-132 -3886 -294 1712 -540 -2 -304




21-Jun-10
Page 45 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Reference : Pier Stem for Buffer Stop (Cut 2)
Input Data : Z
h
y
b
z
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
1200
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 4185 kN
Torsion = 19 kNm
V = 54.0 kN
b = 2411.0 mm
d = 1118.0 mm
v
z
= 0.02
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.36
vc = 0.52 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.07
Asv/sv = 2.67 mm
2
/mm
V = 751.0 kN
b = 1200.0 mm
d = 2329.0 mm
v
y
= 0.27
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.23
vc = 0.45 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.07
Asv/sv = 1.33 mm
2
/mm
0.01 + 0.14 = 0.15 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 46 / 72

t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.01
N/mm
2
h
min
= 1200 mm
h
max
= 2411 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 1068 mm
y
1 = 2279 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.03
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.28
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.03
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.01
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 45 mm
2
2
)


21-Jun-10
Page 47 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Input Data : Z
h
y
b
z
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
1200
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 4298 kN
Torsion = 254 kNm
V = 217.0 kN
b = 2411.0 mm
d = 1118.0 mm
v
z
= 0.08
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.36
vc = 0.52 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.07
Asv/sv = 2.67 mm
2
/mm
V = 326.0 kN
b = 1200.0 mm
d = 2329.0 mm
v
y
= 0.12
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.23
vc = 0.45 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.07
Asv/sv = 1.33 mm
2
/mm
0.05 + 0.06 = 0.11 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 48 / 72

t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.18
N/mm
2
h
min
= 1200 mm
h
max
= 2411 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 1068 mm
y
1 = 2279 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.26
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.29
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.36
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.18
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 605 mm
2
2
)


21-Jun-10
Page 49 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Input Data : Z
h
y
bz = 1200 mm Tension Reinf. F = 32 mm
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
1200
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 3885 kN
Torsion = 433 kNm
V = 77.0 kN
b = 2411.0 mm
d = 1118.0 mm
vz = 0.03
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.36
vc = 0.52 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.07
Asv/sv = 2.67 mm
2
/mm
V = 541.0 kN
b = 1200.0 mm
d = 2329.0 mm
v
y
= 0.19
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.23
vc = 0.45 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.07
Asv/sv = 1.33 mm
2
/mm
0.02 + 0.10 = 0.12 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 50 / 72

t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.30
N/mm
2
h
min
= 1200 mm
h
max
= 2411 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 1068 mm
y
1 = 2279 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.33
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.49
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.62
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.31
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 1031 mm
2
2
)


21-Jun-10
Page 51 / 72

4.2.3 PIER HEAD SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CHECK

The crack-width serviceability limit state sectional analysis is carried out using the AdSec
software for service load combinations 1 and 5.

4.2.3.1 Type 12 Pier-Heads Of Piers: SLS1&5 Crack-Width Check Along CUT-1

arrangement of bars in the pier head is shown in ultimate limit check. 6 cases are checked,
which are:


Table 4.14: Serviceability Load Combinations 1&5 (S1 and S5) Maximum Final Forces of
Pier-Head Type 1 At CUT-1 for Combined Axial and Bending SLS check
CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
Elem
Load Axial My Mz
(kN) (kNm) (kNm)
1 (max) 1008 1009 S1-32(max) -2328 -1000 62
1 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3648 -629 -2589
2 (max) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2516 741 957
2 (min) 1008 1009 S1-24(max) -2761 -1683 106
3 (max) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2516 741 957
3 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-2 -3648 431 -2602

Loading
Reference Point
z 0.0mm

Applied loads
Load N Myy Mzz
1 2328 -1000 62
2 3648 -629 -2589
3 2516 741 957


21-Jun-10
Page 52 / 72

4 2761 -1683 106
5 2516 741 957
6 3648 431 -2602

SLS Cases Analysed
1 L1 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
2 L2 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
3 L3 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
4 L4 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
5 L5 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
6 L6 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24

Total SLS Loads
1 2328 -1000 62 1002 -176.5
2 3648 -629 -2589 2664 103.7
3 2516 741 957 1210 -52.25
4 2761 -1683 106 1686 -176.4
5 2516 741 957 1210 -52.25
6 3648 431 -2602 2637 80.59

0

Case EI Axis Axis
Angle Depth
(
NA
)
[kNm] [] [mm] [/m]
1 6.36E+06 -179.8 744.9 2.41E-12
2 34.01E+06 165.2 1848 1.16E-12
3 12.92E+06 -5.109 1175 1.65E-12
4 4.78E+06 -179.8 570.2 2.41E-12
5 12.92E+06 -5.109 1175 1.65E-12
6 48.96E+06 21.09 2391 1.23E-12


21-Jun-10
Page 53 / 72

y z
1 0.00 0.00 2328 125900 0.02 1002 9177 0.1092 471
2 0.00 0.00 3648 125900 0.03 2664 31410 0.0848 1560
3 0.00 0.00 2516 125900 0.02 1210 14720 0.0822 637
4 0.00 0.00 2761 125900 0.02 1686 9386 0.1797 558
5 0.00 0.00 2516 125900 0.02 1210 14720 0.0822 637
6 0.00 0.00 3648 125900 0.03 2637 35230 0.0749 1822

1 1 4 -2276 584 -72.33E-06 -72.33E-06 4745 9 55.44 66 Face 2 1220 744.9 0.0118
2 94 -496.3 584 -71.13E-06 -71.13E-06 4745 43 130.5 72 Face 2 1220 744.9 0.0208
3 234 2276 584 -69.26E-06 -69.26E-06 4745 1 55.44 66 Face 2 1220 744.9 0.0113
4 243 2315.0 445.3 -47.38E-06 -47.38E-06 4745 1 82.16 66 Face 2 1220 744.9 0.0103
8 586 -2315 545.3 -66.26E-06 -66.26E-06 4745 9 55.44 66 Face 2 1220 744.9 0.0108
2 2 226 2144 584 -34.86E-06 -34.86E-06 961 1 108.3 66 Face 2 2360 1848 0.0092
3 234 2276 584 -37.51E-06 -37.51E-06 961 1 55.44 66 Face 2 2360 1848 0.0061
4 243 2.32E+03 445.3 -27.79E-06 -27.79E-06 961 1 82.16 66 Face 2 2360 1848 0.0061
3 5 297 2.28E+03 -584 -1.03E-06 -1.03E-06 2096 8 55.44 66 Face 6 1613 1175 0.0002
6 519 -2144 -584.0 -37.90E-06 -37.90E-06 2096 16 108.3 66 Face 6 1613 1175 0.0097
7 527 -2276 -584.0 -39.00E-06 -39.00E-06 2096 16 55.44 66 Face 6 1613 1175 0.0063
8 531 -2315 -545.3 -35.72E-06 -35.72E-06 2096 16 55.44 66 Face 6 1613 1175 0.0058
4 1 4 -2276 584.0 -223.20E-06 -223.20E-06 4745 9 55.44 66 Face 2 1219 570.2 0.0365
2 94 -496.3 584 -220.70E-06 -220.70E-06 4745 43 130.5 72 Face 2 1219 570.2 0.0692
3 234 2276 584 -216.80E-06 -216.80E-06 4745 1 55.44 66 Face 2 1219 570.2 0.0355
4 243 2315 445.3 -167.80E-06 -167.80E-06 4745 1 82.16 66 Face 2 1219 570.2 0.0376
8 581 -2315 4.55E+02 -177.60E-06 -177.60E-06 4745 9 75.48 66 Face 2 1219 570.2 0.0373
5 5 297 2276 -584 -1.03E-06 -1.03E-06 2096 8 55.44 66 Face 6 1613 1175 0.0002
6 519 -2144 -584 -37.90E-06 -37.90E-06 2096 16 108.3 66 Face 6 1613 1175 0.0097
7 527 -2.28E+03 -584 -39.00E-06 -39.00E-06 2096 16 55.44 66 Face 6 1613 1175 0.0063
8 531 -2315 -545.3 -35.72E-06 -35.72E-06 2096 16 55.44 66 Face 6 1613 1175 0.0058
6 4 293 2315 -545.3 -19.14E-06 -19.14E-06 641.9 8 55.44 66 Face 6 2809 2391 0.0031
5 297 2.28E+03 -584 -20.33E-06 -20.33E-06 641.9 8 55.44 66 Face 6 2809 2391 0.0033
6 305 2136 -584 -17.62E-06 -17.62E-06 641.9 8 114.6 66 Face 6 2809 2391 0.0046



21-Jun-10
Page 54 / 72

4.2.3.2 Type 12 Pier-Heads Of Piers: SLS1&5 Crack-Width Check Along CUT-2

arrangement of bars in the pier head is shown in ultimate limit check. 6 cases are checked,
which are:


Table 4.15: Serviceability Load Combinations 1&5 (S1 and S5) Maximum Final Forces of
Pier-Head Type 12 At CUT-2 for Combined Axial and Bending SLS check
CASE
Leg 1
Elem
Leg 2
Elem Load Axial My Mz
(kN) (kNm) (kNm)
1 (max) 1008 1009 S1-32(max) -2443 -1095 -21
1 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-3 -3764 -524 -1899
2 (max) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2631 770 667
2 (min) 1008 1009 S1-24(max) -2877 -1727 3
3 (max) 1008 1009 S1-57(max) -2631 770 667
3 (min) 3008 3009 S5.1-2 -3763 408 -1912

Loading
Reference Point
z 0.0mm

Applied loads
Load N Myy Mzz
1 2443 -1095 -21
2 3764 -524 -1899
3 2631 770 667
4 2877 -1727 3
5 2631 770 667
6 3763 408 -1912


21-Jun-10
Page 55 / 72

SLS Cases Analysed
1 L1 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
2 L2 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
3 L3 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
4 L4 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
5 L5 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
6 L6 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24

Total SLS Loads
1 2443 -1095 -21 1095 178.9
2 3764 -524 -1899 1970 105.4
3 2631 770 667 1019 -40.9
4 2877 -1727 3 1727 -179.9
5 2631 770 667 1019 -40.9
6 3763 408 -1912 1955 77.95

0

Case EI Axis Axis
Angle Depth
(
NA
)
[kNm] [] [mm] [/m]
1 3.75E+06 179.7 763.2 2.26E-12
2 12.50E+06 138.6 1854 1.94E-12
3 5.75E+06 -12.91 1226 1.95E-12
4 3.16E+06 -180 626.7 2.27E-12
5 5.75E+06 -12.91 1226 1.95E-12
6 14.23E+06 48.61 2007 1.94E-12

y z
1 0.00 0.00 2443 67890 0.04 1095 7792 0.1406 502
2 0.00 0.00 3764 67890 0.06 1970 15010 0.1313 1058
3 0.00 0.00 2631 67890 0.04 1019 9517 0.1070 507


21-Jun-10
Page 56 / 72

4 0.00 0.00 2877 67890 0.04 1727 7982 0.2164 596
5 0.00 0.00 2631 67890 0.04 1019 9517 0.1070 507
6 0.00 0.00 3763 67890 0.06 1955 15530 0.1259 1134

1 1 4 -1155 584 -122.90E-06 -122.90E-06 2411 1 55.44 61.5 Face 8 1212 763.2 0.0200
2 63 4.661 584 -124.70E-06 -124.70E-06 2411 33 123.9 66 Face 2 1212 763.2 0.0349
3 122 1155 584 -126.40E-06 -126.40E-06 2411 35 55.44 61.5 Face 4 1212 763.2 0.0205
4 126 1194 545.3 -115.20E-06 -115.20E-06 2411 35 55.44 61.5 Face 4 1212 763.2 0.0187
8 362 -1194 545.3 -111.60E-06 -111.60E-06 2411 1 55.44 61.5 Face 8 1212 763.2 0.0181
2 2 114 1025 584 -77.75E-06 -77.75E-06 557.5 27 101 66 Face 2 2462 1854 0.0202
3 122 1.16E+03 584 -91.38E-06 -91.38E-06 557.5 35 55.44 61.5 Face 4 2462 1854 0.0149
4 131 1.19E+03 445.3 -79.03E-06 -79.03E-06 557.5 35 82.16 61.5 Face 4 2462 1854 0.0176
3 6 295 -1025 -584.0 -74.60E-06 -74.60E-06 1001 18 101 66 Face 6 1697 1226 0.0186
7 303 -1155 -584.0 -79.77E-06 -79.77E-06 1001 2 55.44 61.5 Face 8 1697 1226 0.0130
8 312 -1194 -445.3 -57.34E-06 -57.34E-06 1001 2 82.16 61.5 Face 8 1697 1226 0.0124
4 1 4 -1155 584 -305.20E-06 -305.20E-06 2411 1 55.44 61.5 Face 8 1201 626.7 0.0498
2 63 4.661 584 -304.90E-06 -304.90E-06 2411 33 123.9 66 Face 2 1201 626.7 0.0901
3 122 1155 5.84E+02 -304.60E-06 -304.60E-06 2411 35 55.44 61.5 Face 4 1201 626.7 0.0497
4 131 1194 445.3 -228.80E-06 -228.80E-06 2411 35 82.16 61.5 Face 4 1201 626.7 0.0507
8 357 -1194 454.7 -234.50E-06 -234.50E-06 2411 1 75.48 61.5 Face 8 1201 626.7 0.0488
5 6 295 -1.03E+03 -584 -74.60E-06 -74.60E-06 1001 18 101 66 Face 6 1697 1226 0.0186
7 303 -1155 -584 -79.77E-06 -79.77E-06 1001 2 55.44 61.5 Face 8 1697 1226 0.0130
8 312 -1.19E+03 -445.3 -57.34E-06 -57.34E-06 1001 2 82.16 61.5 Face 8 1697 1226 0.0124
6 4 176 1194 -454.7 -65.10E-06 -65.10E-06 523.4 36 75.48 61.5 Face 4 2569 2007 0.0135
5 182 1194 -545.3 -73.34E-06 -73.34E-06 523.4 36 55.44 61.5 Face 4 2569 2007 0.0120
6 192 1035 -584 -60.49E-06 -60.49E-06 523.4 36 97.76 61.5 Face 4 2569 2007 0.0152



21-Jun-10
Page 57 / 72

4.3 PIER CAP TYPE 12

This section documented all results and designs for Intermediate PIER CAP of TYPE 12.

4.3.1 SUMMARY OF INTERMEDIATE PIER CAP FORCES

The summary of the maximum element forces due to various load combinations are
tabulated as below. The results are separated into two tables; first table presents the
summary solely due to service load combinations 1 for crackwidth check, and second table is
of all ultimate load combinations for ultimate design. There are 12 summary cases in each
table, in which:

Case 1 - Maximum & Minimum Axial Force + Corresponding Results
Case 2 - Maximum & Minimum My + Corresponding Results
Case 3 - Maximum & Minimum Mz + Corresponding Results
Case 4 - Maximum & Minimum Vy + Corresponding Results
Case 5 - Maximum & Minimum Vz + Corresponding Results
Case 6 - Maximum & Minimum Torsion + Corresponding Results

PIER CAP Results
Table 4.16: Service Load Combinations 1&5 (S1 and S5)
1 (max) 1002 S1-19(max) I[1003] 1066 -28 83 -164 -46 107
1 (min) 1001 S1-2(max) I[1002] 0 -33 0 0 -55 0
2 (max) 1002 S1-24(max) J[1002] 879 124 336 -199 -62 327
2 (min) 1006 S1-24(min) I[1007] 839 -426 -529 -199 -232 327
3 (max) 1002 S1-25(max) J[1002] 900 57 482 -266 -24 375
3 (min) 3002 S5.1-3 J[3002] 988 -55 -715 66 70 150
4 (max) 3002 S1-4 I[3003] 816 40 -227 128 -14 -363
4 (min) 1002 S1-25(max) I[1003] 900 7 203 -266 -72 375
5 (max) 3002 S1-13 J[3002] 852 -207 109 -117 158 401
5 (min) 1006 S1-24(max) I[1007] 879 -420 -402 -199 -232 327
6 (max) 1002 S1-19(max) I[1003] 852 -66 -14 -117 110 401
6 (min) 1001 S1-2(max) I[1002] 816 40 -227 128 -14 -363


21-Jun-10
Page 58 / 72

Table 4.17: Ultimate Load Combinations 1 - 5 (U1-U5)
1 (max) 1002 U4.1-19 I[1003] 1543 -49 -320 -261 -86 170
1 (min) 1007 U3a_4.1-1 I[1008] -1 -1 0 -2 -2 -1
2 (max) 1002 U2b.1-28 J[1002] 1102 499 960 -649 -266 412
2 (min) 1006 U2b.1-23 I[1007] 1247 -946 -1372 -563 -485 671
3 (max) 1002 U2b.1-27 J[1002] 1319 421 1076 -698 -229 437
3 (min) 1006 U2b.1-29 I[1007] 1063 -888 -1559 -668 -471 704
4 (max) 1002 U3b_2.1-4 I[1003] 1167 -134 -136 368 192 -461
4 (min) 1002 U2b.1-27 I[1003] 1319 148 344 -698 -290 437
5 (max) 1002 U3b_2.1-59 J[1002] 1154 -397 -221 276 328 -393
5 (min) 1006 U2b.1-20 I[1007] 1277 -927 -1310 -577 -491 380
6 (max) 1002 U4.1-19 I[1003] 1281 118 295 -685 -282 762
6 (min) 1007 U3a_4.1-1 I[1008] 1042 210 -143 151 -167 -653

4.3.2 PIER CAP ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE DESIGN
The ultimate limit state sectional analysis is carried out by AdSEC software, whereas
ultimate shear and torsion design is done by using spreadsheet.

4.3.2.1 PIER CAP Axial and Bending Design to IRS CBC - 1997

The following table shows the envelope of pier forces for ultimate axial and bending design.
The ultimate limit state analysis is done by using AdSEC software. Figure 4.5 shows the
arrangement of bars in the pier cap. 7 cases are studied, which are:

Case 6 - Absolute Max Torsion + Corresponding Results

Axial and Bending Design
1 (max) 1002 U4.1-19 I[1003] 1543 -49 -320 -261 -86 170
1 (min) 1007 U3a_4.1-1 I[1008] -1 -1 0 -2 -2 -1
2 (max) 1002 U2b.1-28 J[1002] 1102 499 960 -649 -266 412
2 (min) 1006 U2b.1-23 I[1007] 1247 -946 -1372 -563 -485 671
3 (max) 1002 U2b.1-27 J[1002] 1319 421 1076 -698 -229 437


21-Jun-10
Page 59 / 72

3 (min) 1006 U2b.1-29 I[1007] 1063 -888 -1559 -668 -471 704
6 (max) 1006 U2b.1-20 I[1007] 1281 118 295 -685 -282 762

Fig. 4.5: PIER CAP bar arrangement

Definition
Name Pier Cap
Type Concrete
Material C45

Properties
Area 2.278E+6mm
Geometric Centroid y -63.10mm
z -126.5mm
Izz 987.4E+9mm4
Iyz 75.63E+9mm4
Izz 218.9E+9mm4
Angle 84.38
kz 0


21-Jun-10
Page 60 / 72

Zz 781.7E+6mm
Zpz 1.268E+9mm
Rz 658.3mm
Maximum compressive force Nmax 52690kN
Strain at Nmax 0
Mzz -239.2kNm

Type Concrete
Name C45
Density 2.300t/m
mc
,ULS 1.5
mc
,SLS 1

Name Fe500
fy 500MPa
Modulus 200000MPa
mc
,ULS 1.15
mc
,SLS 1
Maximum Strain 0.05


21-Jun-10
Page 61 / 72


Loading
Reference Point
z 0.0mm
Total ULS Loads
1 -1543 -49 -320 323.7 98.71
2 1 -1 0 1 -180
3 -1102 499 960 1082 -62.53
4 -1247 -946 -1372 1667 124.6
5 -1319 421 1076 1155 -68.63
6 -1063 -888 -1559 1794 119.7
7 -1281 118 295 317.7 -68.2

(y) (z) Angle Depth
(
NA
)
1 34.69 64.69 -1543 -8000 0.1929 323.7 7114 0.0455 B: Node 3 86.11 315.4
2 - - 1 52690 0.0000 1.0 4441 0.0002 B: Node 1 178.9 144.5
3 34.69 64.69 -1102 -8000 0.1378 1082.0 4962 0.2180 B: Node 11 -23.96 326.3
4 34.69 64.69 -1247 -8000 0.1559 1667.0 6005 0.2775 B: Node 1 164 378.5
5 34.69 64.69 -1319 -8000 0.1649 1155.0 5280 0.2188 B: Node 11 -26.07 351.7
6 34.69 64.69 -1063 -8000 0.1329 1794.0 6540 0.2743 B: Node 1 157.6 441.8
7 34.69 64.69 -1281 -8000 0.1601 317.7 5266 0.0603 B: Node 11 -25.92 350.5

M/Mu < 1.0 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 62 / 72

4.3.2.2 PIER CAP Shear and Torsion Design to IRS CBC - 1997

The following table shows the most critical cases for shear and torsion design.

4 (max) 1002 U3b_2.1-4 I[1003] 1167 -134 -136 368 192 -461
4 (min) 1002 U2b.1-27 I[1003] 1319 148 344 -698 -290 437
5 (max) 1002 U3b_2.1-59 J[1002] 1154 -397 -221 276 328 -393
5 (min) 1006 U2b.1-20 I[1007] 1277 -927 -1310 -577 -491 380
6 (max) 1002 U2b.1-25 I[1003] 1281 118 295 -685 -282 762
6 (min) 3002 U2b.1-4 I[3003] 1042 210 -143 151 -167 -653




21-Jun-10
Page 63 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Reference : Pier Cap for Buffer Stop
Input Data : Z
h
y
b
z
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
800
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 1319 kN
Torsion = 437 kNm
V = 290.0 kN
b = 2400.0 mm
d = 721.5 mm
vz = 0.17
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.34
vc = 0.51 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.03
Asv/sv = 2.66 mm
2
/mm
V = 698.0 kN
b = 800.0 mm
d = 2321.5 mm
v
y
= 0.38
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.16
vc = 0.40 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.03
Asv/sv = 0.89 mm
2
/mm
0.14 + 0.15 = 0.29 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 64 / 72

t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.64
N/mm
2
h
min
= 800 mm
h
max
= 2400 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 675 mm
y
1 = 2275 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.81
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 1.02
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.99
mm
2
/mm
a) Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.49
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 1453 mm
2
2
)


21-Jun-10
Page 65 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Input Data : Z
h
y
b
z
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
800
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 1277 kN
Torsion = 380 kNm
V = 491.0 kN
b = 2400.0 mm
d = 721.5 mm
v
z
= 0.28
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.34
vc = 0.51 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.03
Asv/sv = 2.66 mm
2
/mm
V = 577.0 kN
b = 800.0 mm
d = 2321.5 mm
v
y
= 0.31
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.16
vc = 0.40 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.03
Asv/sv = 0.89 mm
2
/mm
0.24 + 0.12 = 0.37 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 66 / 72

t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 0.56
N/mm
2
h
min
= 800 mm
h
max
= 2400 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 675 mm
y
1 = 2275 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 0.84
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 0.87
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 0.86
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.43
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 1264 mm
2
2
)


21-Jun-10
Page 67 / 72

to IRS CBC - 1997
Input Data : Z
hy = 2400 mm Cover = 50 mm Y
b
z
fcu = 45 N/mm
2
2
fy = 415 N/mm
2
2
800
fyv = 415 N/mm
2
Analysis Results :
N = 1281 kN
Torsion = 762 kNm
V = 282.0 kN
b = 2400.0 mm
d = 721.5 mm
vz = 0.16
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.34
vc = 0.51 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.03
Asv/sv = 2.66 mm
2
/mm
V = 685.0 kN
b = 800.0 mm
d = 2321.5 mm
vy = 0.37
N/mm
2
OK!
100As/bd = 0.16
vc = 0.40 N/mm
2
1+0.05N/Ac = 1.03
Asv/sv = 0.89 mm
2
/mm
0.14 + 0.15 = 0.29 OK!


21-Jun-10
Page 68 / 72

t
v
t
= 2T / [h
2
min
(h
max
- h
min
/3)] = 1.12
N/mm
2
h
min
= 800 mm
h
max
= 2400 mm
tmin
v
tmin = 0.067 (f
cu)
0.5
= 0.42
N/mm
2
tu
v
tu = 0.75 (f
cu )
0.5
= 4.74
N/mm
2
x
1
= 675 mm
y
1 = 2275 mm
In z-dir : v
z
+ v
t = 1.28
N/mm
2
(OK)
In y-dir: v
y
+ v
t = 1.49
N/mm
2
(OK)
st
/s
v
A
st
/s
v = T / [0.8 x
1
y
1
(0.87f
yv )] = 1.72
mm
2
/mm
a) Shear Links
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
2
/mm
2
/mm )
(OK)
sL
/s
L
A
sL
/s
L
= A
st
/s
v
(f
yv
/f
y
) = 0.86
mm
2
/mm
A
sL
= 2534 mm
2
2
)

Maximum torsion induced in pier stem required 6T25 each face or total 12T25, which is
about 0.3364 of total perimeter bar provided. The ultimate moment utilized 0.2775
corresponding to absolute maximum torsion, giving a total utilization ratio of 0.6139 < 1.
Hence, it deemed satisfactory.


21-Jun-10
Page 69 / 72

4.3.3 PIER CAP SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CHECK

arrangement of bars in the PIER CAP is shown in ultimate limit check. 6 cases are checked,
which are:


Table 4.20: Serviceability Load Combinations 1&5 (S1 and S5) Maximum Final Forces for
Combined Axial and Bending SLS check
CASE Elem Load Part Axial My Mz
(kN) (kNm) (kNm)
1 (max) 1002 S1-19(max) I[1003] 1066 -28 83
1 (min) 1001 S1-2(max) I[1002] 0 -33 0
2 (max) 1002 S1-24(max) J[1002] 879 124 336
2 (min) 1006 S1-24(min) I[1007] 839 -426 -529
3 (max) 1002 S1-25(max) J[1002] 900 57 482
3 (min) 3002 S5.1-3 J[3002] 988 -55 -715

Loading
Reference Point
z 0.0mm

Applied loads
Load N Myy Mzz
1 -1066 -28 83
2 0 -33 0
3 -879 124 336
4 -839 -426 -529
5 -900 57 482
6 -988 -55 -715


21-Jun-10
Page 70 / 72

SLS Cases Analysed
1 L1 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
2 L2 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
3 L3 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
4 L4 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
5 L5 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24
6 L6 - - 0 2 1 50 Eqn. 24

Total SLS Loads
1 -1066 -28 83 87.6 -108.6
2 0 -33 0 33 -180
3 -879 124 336 358.2 -69.74
4 -839 -426 -529 679.2 128.8
5 -900 57 482 485.4 -83.26
6 -988 -55 -715 717.1 94.4

0

Case EI Axis Axis
Angle Depth
(
NA
)
[kNm] [] [mm] [/m]
1 3.60E+06 -18.03 -2715 101.20E-06
2 1.13E+06 177.1 347.5 -73.36E-12
3 1.27E+06 -23.34 126.1 80.08E-06
4 1.12E+06 159.2 417.8 -78.07E-06
5 2.06E+06 -38.01 233.6 68.95E-06
6 2.44E+06 100.6 275.1 -13.03E-06

Case Eff. Centroid N Nmax N/Nmax M Mu M/Mu
y z
[mm] [mm] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm]
1 34.69 65 -1066 52690 -0.0202 88 8614 0.0102
2 - - 0 52690 0.0000 33 4439 0.0074
3 34.69 65 -879 52690 -0.0167 358 5650 0.0634


21-Jun-10
Page 71 / 72

4 34.69 65 -839 52690 -0.0159 679 5847 0.1162
5 34.69 65 -900 52690 -0.0171 485 7189 0.0675
6 34.69 65 -988 52690 -0.0188 717 7361 0.0974

1 1 1 -1.15E+03 -613.00E+00 -325.90E-06 -325.90E-06 2299 1 55.15 62 Face 2 1545 -2715 0.0538
2 16 -1.19E+03 -355.90E+00 -308.00E-06 -308.00E-06 2299 12 77.47 61.5 Face 2 1545 -2715 0.0707
3 42 -1.19E+03 125.90E+00 -272.70E-06 -272.70E-06 2299 2 55.42 62 Face 4 1545 -2715 0.0452
4 51 -1.05E+03 163.00E+00 -266.80E-06 -266.80E-06 2299 2 84.45 62 Face 4 1545 -2715 0.0665
5 73 -788.00E+00 303.00E+00 -250.30E-06 -250.30E-06 2299 20 87.45 62 Face 5 1545 -2715 0.0645
6 88 -788.00E+00 576.40E+00 -230.30E-06 -230.30E-06 2299 5 55.15 62 Face 7 1545 -2715 0.0380
7 103 -531.40E+00 613.00E+00 -221.50E-06 -221.50E-06 2299 6 76.89 62 Face 7 1545 -2715 0.0505
8 132 -12.00E+00 576.40E+00 -211.80E-06 -211.80E-06 2299 10 55.15 62 Face 9 1545 -2715 0.0350
9 146 -12.00E+00 316.40E+00 -230.80E-06 -230.80E-06 2299 21 91.89 62 Face 9 1545 -2715 0.0624
10 175 388.00E+00 163.00E+00 -232.50E-06 -232.50E-06 2299 45 104.9 64.5 Face 10 1545 -2715 0.0713
11 218 1.19E+03 126.40E+00 -216.20E-06 -216.20E-06 2299 24 55.15 61.5 Face 12 1545 -2715 0.0357
12 243 1.19E+03 -353.60E+00 -251.20E-06 -251.20E-06 2299 16 75.85 61.5 Face 12 1545 -2715 0.0565
13 259 1.15E+03 -613.00E+00 -271.10E-06 -271.10E-06 2299 23 55.15 61.5 Face 12 1545 -2715 0.0447
14 338 -408.10E+00 -613.00E+00 -308.20E-06 -308.20E-06 2299 36 105 64.5 Face 14 1545 -2715 0.0946
2 2 36 -1.19E+03 44.11E+00 -9.39E-06 -9.39E-06 801 2 72.05 62 Face 2 1306 347.5 0.0019
3 45 -1.15E+03 163.00E+00 -12.93E-06 -12.93E-06 801 2 55.15 62 Face 4 1306 347.5 0.0021
4 59 -891.40E+00 163.00E+00 -13.31E-06 -13.31E-06 801 4 84.83 62 Face 4 1306 347.5 0.0032
5 82 -788.00E+00 483.00E+00 -22.84E-06 -22.84E-06 801 5 79.49 62 Face 5 1306 347.5 0.0051
6 91 -751.40E+00 613.00E+00 -26.70E-06 -26.70E-06 801 5 55.15 62 Face 7 1306 347.5 0.0044
7 116 -271.40E+00 613.00E+00 -27.41E-06 -27.41E-06 801 8 76.61 62 Face 7 1306 347.5 0.0060
8 129 -48.61E+00 613.00E+00 -27.73E-06 -27.73E-06 801 10 55.15 62 Face 9 1306 347.5 0.0045
9 138 -12.00E+00 476.40E+00 -23.78E-06 -23.78E-06 801 10 84.45 62 Face 9 1306 347.5 0.0056
10 175 388.00E+00 163.00E+00 -15.18E-06 -15.18E-06 801 45 104.9 64.5 Face 10 1306 347.5 0.0043
11 215 1.15E+03 163.00E+00 -16.30E-06 -16.30E-06 801 24 55.15 61.5 Face 12 1306 347.5 0.0027
12 223 1.19E+03 46.39E+00 -12.94E-06 -12.94E-06 801 24 70.17 61.5 Face 12 1306 347.5 0.0026
3 1 1 -1.15E+03 -613.00E+00 -551.00E-06 -551.00E-06 1744 1 55.15 62 Face 2 1666 126.1 0.0906
2 9 -1.19E+03 -495.90E+00 -517.40E-06 -517.40E-06 1744 1 70.88 62 Face 2 1666 126.1 0.1071
3 42 -1.19E+03 125.90E+00 -310.30E-06 -310.30E-06 1744 2 55.42 62 Face 4 1666 126.1 0.0512
4 51 -1.05E+03 163.00E+00 -278.20E-06 -278.20E-06 1744 2 84.45 62 Face 4 1666 126.1 0.0675
5 73 -788.00E+00 303.00E+00 -193.70E-06 -193.70E-06 1744 20 87.45 62 Face 5 1666 126.1 0.0485
6 88 -788.00E+00 576.40E+00 -102.70E-06 -102.70E-06 1744 5 55.15 62 Face 7 1666 126.1 0.0169
7 96 -671.40E+00 613.00E+00 -73.75E-06 -73.75E-06 1744 5 70.17 62 Face 7 1666 126.1 0.0151
9 154 -12.00E+00 163.00E+00 -128.90E-06 -128.90E-06 1744 22 75.54 62 Face 9 1666 126.1 0.0283
10 156 8.00E+00 163.00E+00 -126.00E-06 -126.00E-06 1744 22 90.7 62 Face 9 1666 126.1 0.0326
12 250 1.19E+03 -493.60E+00 -175.00E-06 -175.00E-06 1744 23 72.01 61.5 Face 12 1666 126.1 0.0368
13 259 1.15E+03 -613.00E+00 -220.00E-06 -220.00E-06 1744 23 55.15 61.5 Face 12 1666 126.1 0.0362
14 370 -1.05E+03 -613.00E+00 -536.20E-06 -536.20E-06 1744 1 86.98 62 Face 14 1666 126.1 0.1335
4 2 41 -1.19E+03 125.90E+00 -147.80E-06 -147.80E-06 2139 2 55.42 62 Face 2 1581 417.8 0.0244
3 45 -1.15E+03 163.00E+00 -173.10E-06 -173.10E-06 2139 2 55.15 62 Face 4 1581 417.8 0.0284
4 59 -891.40E+00 163.00E+00 -221.80E-06 -221.80E-06 2139 4 84.83 62 Face 4 1581 417.8 0.0533
5 82 -788.00E+00 483.00E+00 -399.40E-06 -399.40E-06 2139 5 79.49 62 Face 5 1581 417.8 0.0907
6 91 -751.40E+00 613.00E+00 -470.60E-06 -470.60E-06 2139 5 55.15 62 Face 7 1581 417.8 0.0772
7 116 -271.40E+00 613.00E+00 -560.50E-06 -560.50E-06 2139 8 76.61 62 Face 7 1581 417.8 0.1232
8 129 -48.61E+00 613.00E+00 -602.30E-06 -602.30E-06 2139 10 55.15 62 Face 9 1581 417.8 0.0988
9 138 -12.00E+00 476.40E+00 -541.60E-06 -541.60E-06 2139 10 84.45 62 Face 9 1581 417.8 0.1295
10 208 1.05E+03 163.00E+00 -585.40E-06 -585.40E-06 2139 24 87.45 61.5 Face 12 1581 417.8 0.1443
11 215 1.15E+03 163.00E+00 -604.90E-06 -604.90E-06 2139 24 55.15 61.5 Face 12 1581 417.8 0.0992
12 223 1.19E+03 46.39E+00 -554.10E-06 -554.10E-06 2139 24 70.17 61.5 Face 12 1581 417.8 0.1127
13 256 1.19E+03 -576.40E+00 -246.30E-06 -246.30E-06 2139 23 55.15 61.5 Face 12 1581 417.8 0.0404
14 265 1.05E+03 -613.00E+00 -202.50E-06 -202.50E-06 2139 23 84.45 61.5 Face 12 1581 417.8 0.0484


21-Jun-10
Page 72 / 72

5 1 4 -1.19E+03 -575.90E+00 -551.80E-06 -551.80E-06 1299 1 55.42 62 Face 2 2078 233.6 0.0912
2 16 -1.19E+03 -355.90E+00 -499.00E-06 -499.00E-06 1299 12 77.47 61.5 Face 2 2078 233.6 0.1126
3 42 -1.19E+03 125.90E+00 -383.50E-06 -383.50E-06 1299 2 55.42 62 Face 4 2078 233.6 0.0634
4 51 -1.05E+03 163.00E+00 -349.00E-06 -349.00E-06 1299 2 84.45 62 Face 4 2078 233.6 0.0852
5 73 -788.00E+00 303.00E+00 -266.00E-06 -266.00E-06 1299 20 87.45 62 Face 5 2078 233.6 0.0671
6 88 -788.00E+00 576.40E+00 -200.50E-06 -200.50E-06 1299 5 55.15 62 Face 7 2078 233.6 0.0330
7 96 -671.40E+00 613.00E+00 -169.90E-06 -169.90E-06 1299 5 70.17 62 Face 7 2078 233.6 0.0350
8 132 -12.00E+00 576.40E+00 -55.11E-06 -55.11E-06 1299 10 55.15 62 Face 9 2078 233.6 0.0091
9 154 -12.00E+00 163.00E+00 -154.20E-06 -154.20E-06 1299 22 75.54 62 Face 9 2078 233.6 0.0340
10 156 8.00E+00 163.00E+00 -150.50E-06 -150.50E-06 1299 22 90.7 62 Face 9 2078 233.6 0.0392
12 250 1.19E+03 -493.60E+00 -86.66E-06 -86.66E-06 1299 23 72.01 61.5 Face 12 2078 233.6 0.0183
13 259 1.15E+03 -613.00E+00 -122.10E-06 -122.10E-06 1299 23 55.15 61.5 Face 12 2078 233.6 0.0201
14 370 -1.05E+03 -613.00E+00 -534.40E-06 -534.40E-06 1299 1 86.98 62 Face 14 2078 233.6 0.1341
6 4 60 -871.40E+00 163.00E+00 -52.92E-06 -52.92E-06 813.9 32 77.95 62 Face 4 2497 275.1 0.0121
5 82 -788.00E+00 483.00E+00 -92.48E-06 -92.48E-06 813.9 5 79.49 62 Face 5 2497 275.1 0.0215
6 91 -751.40E+00 613.00E+00 -109.30E-06 -109.30E-06 813.9 5 55.15 62 Face 7 2497 275.1 0.0180
7 123 -131.40E+00 613.00E+00 -280.40E-06 -280.40E-06 813.9 10 72.01 62 Face 7 2497 275.1 0.0594
8 132 -12.00E+00 576.40E+00 -311.40E-06 -311.40E-06 813.9 10 55.15 62 Face 9 2497 275.1 0.0513
9 146 -12.00E+00 316.40E+00 -298.00E-06 -298.00E-06 813.9 21 91.89 62 Face 9 2497 275.1 0.0792
10 208 1.05E+03 163.00E+00 -582.50E-06 -582.50E-06 813.9 24 87.45 61.5 Face 12 2497 275.1 0.1478
11 218 1.19E+03 126.40E+00 -619.40E-06 -619.40E-06 813.9 24 55.15 61.5 Face 12 2497 275.1 0.1020
12 230 1.19E+03 -93.61E+00 -608.00E-06 -608.00E-06 813.9 17 77.83 61.5 Face 12 2497 275.1 0.1385
13 256 1.19E+03 -576.40E+00 -583.00E-06 -583.00E-06 813.9 23 55.15 61.5 Face 12 2497 275.1 0.0960
14 265 1.05E+03 -613.00E+00 -543.40E-06 -543.40E-06 813.9 23 84.45 61.5 Face 12 2497 275.1 0.1335


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Design of Pier Frame 172

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