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COMPUTER SCIENCE PRACTICAL BOOK PRACTICAL 1-1
KOLEJ MATRIKULASI KEDAH | SC015

UTILITY PROGRAM

Utility Program is software that allows user to perform maintenance-type
tasks, related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs.
Most Operating system include several built-in utility programs for example
Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter etc.
Some utility programs need to be installed or accessed online for example,
antivirus and spyware remover.
Example of built-in utility program is shown in the picture below.

Picture 1: Control Panel window in Windows XP

Picture 2: Windows XP System Tools menu


DISK DEFRAGMENTER
The process of defragmentation places all parts of a file together in the same place on
the drive. It organizes all directories and files according to how you use your computer.
After this process is complete, your computer will most likely run faster.
1.Click Start
2. Click All Program>
Accessories>System Tools>
Disk Defragmenter

If you have more than one drive
listed,
3.Click on the drive you want to
defragment
4.Click Analyze

After a few second or minutes,
depending on the drive size, you
will get this dialogue box telling
you whether you need to
defragment your drive or not.
4. Click View Report



See how fragmented your drive
is. If its more than 5%
fragmented then defragmenting
will definitely improve
performance

5. Click Defragment



Defragmenting can take several
minutes to several hours,
depending on the size of your
drive. Its also best to run
Defragmenter when youre not
using the computer. While the
program is running you will see a
graphical representation of the
blocks of files on your hard drive
being moved and the
fragmented segments joined
together. Usually the less gaps
of free space between the
contiguous segments the better,
but as long as the fragmented
files are put together into
contiguous segments, it will help
your computers performance.

Once the process is complete,
the graphic should display most
of the contiguous files on the
left and the majority of the free
space on the right



6. Click View Report

7. Click Close

FILE COMPRESSION
A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file. It also compresses files into a single
file making the file transfer much easier and faster than sending each file one at a time
1. Right-click the file or
folder you wish to encrypt.
You can also select multiple
files to compress.



2. Click Send To >
Compressed (zipped) Folder.

z

Your selected files/folder will
be compressed to the same
directory. Compressed folder
will look like this.

Extracting
compressfile/folder is a
reverse process to get back a
normal state file/folder.
3.Double click on compressed
file icon. It should
automatically open the
compressed file in a new
window.


BACKUP AND RESTORE COMPRESSION
In Information Technology, a backup or the process of backing up refers to making
copies of data so that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after
a data loss event.
Windows XP comes with a Backup Utility. It will compress files, allowing you to save
more data on one Zip disk or CD. If you lose your files, you can quickly restore them from
your backups using the Backup Utility.
It is advisable not to use the same hard disk as a backup medium. The main purpose of
doing backup is to make another copy of your file if something might happen to your
hard disk. Use other storage medium such as CD/DVD R/RW, removable hard disk,
thumbdrive etc.

1: Click Start>All
Programs>Accessories>Sys
tem Tools>Backup.

This exercise will only focus
on using wizard
2. Click Next



3. Click Back Up files and
settings>Next

4.Click Let me choose what
to backup>Next
This option allows you to
select your desirable files or
folders



To backup an entire folder
for example folder NOTES:
5. Click the blank box to the
left of the folder NOTES. A
check mark will appear in
the box.
6.Click Next

Notes:
o To see what is contained in the folder, double click folder. The
contents of the folder will appear in the right section.
o To back up a file, click the blank box to the left of the file.

7. Choose a place to save
your back up file. For
example saving to a
thumbdrive. Give a suitable
name to your backup file.
(file extension for backup
file is .bkf)
8.Click Next



9. Click Finish
Start the backup process.

10. Depending on the sizeof
the file, backup process will
take several minutes.



11. .Click Close

RESTORE
Restore is process of putting back the backup file in its original form.

12.Repeat step 1,2 and 3.
13.Choose Restore files
and settings>Next
14.Select your backup file
from the Backup
Identification Label, select
the location to restore
15.Click Next

16. Click Finish
Depending on the size of
the file, restore process
will take several minutes.
17. Click Close
By now your file should
be in its original form at
the original locations


DISK CLEANUP
Disk cleanupis a computer maintenance utility included in Microsoft Windows designed to free
up disc space on a computers hard drive. The utility first searches and analyzes the hard drive
for files that are no longer of any use, and then removes the unnecessary files.
Step-by-step to clean up the hard disk space:

1. Launch the Disk Cleanup Utility
Click Program>Accessories>System Tools >Disk
Cleanup

2. Select the Drive to Clean Up
The default drve for most systems will be the
C: drive

3. Disk Cleanup Main Screen appears
The main screen gives options on what files or
folders you may want to delete to free up
space.
You can check or unchecked items if youre
certain you wont need them, and need more
space freed up.

When youre done that process, click OK at
the bottom

4. The Windows Disk Cleanup Progress Bar
A progress bar will track the cleanup process. It
shows what files are being deleted.
When its done, the bar will disappear and the
files will have been deleted, freeing up
additional space
You should then notice that your hard drive is
emptier, and things may run faster,too.



INTERNET TECHNOLOGY





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COMPUTER SCIENCE PRACTICAL BOOK PRACTICAL 1-1

KOLEJ MATRIKULASI KEDAH | SC015

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