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Chandan: Have you seen Pradhan, by any 1) I saw him driving an hour ago =
chance? í∫çô éÀçü¿ô Åûªúø’ car ™ ¢Á∞¡xôç ؈’ îª÷¨»†’.
(†’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o Pradhan
†’ îª÷¨»¢√? 2) In fact I see him drive down the road at this
By any chance = à¢Á’i-Ø√/- à-´’Ø√o îª÷úøôç time every day=
ûªô-Æœnç-*çü∆ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. ÅÆæ©’ v°æA ®ÓW ÉüË time èπ◊ Ñ ®ÓúÓx car ™
Nandan: I think yes. I saw him driving some ¢Á∞¡xôç ؈’ îª÷≤ƒh†’.
where an hour ago. I could have 3) I heard Pradhan say that he would go at that
stopped him, but I didn't like to. time every day... =
(Å´¤-†-†’-èπ◊çö«. í∫çô éÀçü¿ô car ™ ûª†’ ÅüË time èπ◊ Å™« ¢Á∞«h-†E Pradhan îÁ°æpí¬
áéπ\-úÕéÓ ¢Á∞¡xôç îª÷¨»†’. ÅûªúÕE Ç°œ NØ√o†’.
4) ... that's why. I find Pradhan becoming more 4) find:
ÖçúÌ-a -é¬F É≠ædç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·çC.) É™« Ñ see, hear, find, observe, notice,
(driving = car ™ ¢Á∞¡xôç) and more active nowadays= a) The teacher found him working hard =
watch ™«çöÀ verbs °æéπ\-†-™«x '-ing' form/ 1st
Chandan: Is that so? He said he would see me active Åûªúø’ éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç (îªü¿-´ôç) teacher
ÅD. É°æ¤púø’ v°æüµ∆Ø˛ í¬ Öçúøôç í∫´’- RDW/ that clauses (éÌEoîÓôx) ´≤ƒh®·. Å®·ûË
today. îª÷¨»úø’.
E-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.
b) We always find him sleeping =
OöÀ ûª®√yûª ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ 'that' clause ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈
(Å™«í¬? †Fo-®ÓV éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-†-Ø√oúø’.) 5) He observed his nephew losing weight... Öçúøôç better. '-ing form'/ I RDW effective í¬
Nandan: Not just today. In fact I see him drive (ÅûªúÕ nephew •®Ω’´¤ ûªí∫_ôç Åûªúø’ í∫´’-Eç-î√úø’) ¢Ë’ç á°æ¤púø÷ Åûªúø’ Evü¿-§Ú-ûª’ç-úøí¬ îª÷≤ƒhç. Öçô’çC.
down our road everyday at that time. 6) I have noticed you having a dig at him= c) The engineer has found the machine going
(Ñ ®Óñ‰ é¬ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ v°æA-®ÓW ÅüË time †’´y-ûª-úÕE Çô °æöÀdç-îªúøç ؈’ í∫´’-Eç-î√†’. out of order often= NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING
èπ◊ car ™ ÅüË ¢Áj°æ¤ ¢Á∞¡⁄h éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’ Look at the verbs in the sentences ûª®Ωîª÷ Ç machine îÁúÕ§Ú-´ôç Ç engineer ALOUD IN ENGLISH:
Ø√èπ◊/ car ™ ¢Á∞¡xúøç îª÷≤ƒh†’ ؈’.) above: 1 & 2. saw 3. heard 4. find îª÷¨»úø’. Namratha: Ææ’F-ûÁ-°æ¤púø÷ äÍé-®Ωéπç •ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç
Chandan: You are right. I heard Pradhan say 5. observed 6. have noticed. Ñ find °æéπ\† 1st RDW ®√ü¿’. That clause ؈’ îª÷≤ƒh†’. ûª† •ôd© fashion ™
that he would go at that time every- í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: °j† verbs ÅFo πÿú≈ îª÷úøôç/ ®√´îª’a.
éπE°œç-îªôç, N†ôç, í∫´’-Eç-îªôç, °æJ-Q-Lç-
day to attend yoga classes. 5) observe:
´÷Í®pç Öçúøü¿’.
îªôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ÖØ√o®· éπü∆.
Charitha: ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’. ûª†’ ûËú≈í¬ ÖçúË •ôd©’
(†’´¤y îÁ°œpçC Eï¢Ë’. v°æA-®ÓW Ç a) The invigilator has
time èπ◊ ßÁ÷í¬ ûª®Ω-í∫-ûª’-©èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡-û√-†E observed the student
¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç ؈’ äéπöÀ È®çúø’≤ƒ®Ω’x
Åûªúø’ îÁ°æpí¬ NØ√o†’.) taking/ take a slip out í∫´’-Eç-î√†’.
Nandan: O... perhaps that's why I find him of his pocket= Namratha: OK, ûª† N≠æߪ’ç áçü¿’-èπ◊™‰.
becoming more and more active Åûªúø’ ñ‰•’-™ç* slip †’¢Áy-°æ¤-úøØ√o Ææ’v°œßª’ §ƒúøí¬ NØ√o¢√?
nowadays.
(ÅD Ææçí∫A. Åçü¿’-éπØË Åûªúø’ Ñ ´’üµ¿u -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 159 •ßª’-ôèπ◊ Bߪ’úøç invig-
ilator í∫´’-Eç-î √úø’. M. SURESAN
Charitha: áçü¿’-éπ-úø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?