Practice Test 2 Bus 2023

Directions: For each question find the answer that is the best solution provided. There is only one
correct answer.
1. Statistical studies in which researchers do not control variables of interest are
a. experimental studies
b. uncontrolled experimental studies
c. not of any value
d. observational studies
ANSW!" d
#. Statistical studies in which researchers control variables of interest are
a. experimental studies
b. control observational studies
c. non experimental studies
d. observational studies
ANSW!" a
$. A portion of the population selected to represent the population is called
a. statistical inference
b. descriptive statistics
c. a census
d. a sample
ANSW!" d
%. &n a sample of '(( students in a university) 1*() or #(+) are ,usiness ma-ors. ,ased on
the above information) the school.s paper reported that /#(+ of all the students at the
university are ,usiness ma-ors./ This report is an example of
a. a sample
b. a population
c. statistical inference
d. descriptive statistics
ANSW!" c
0. Six hundred residents of a city are polled to obtain information on votin1 intentions in an
upcomin1 city election. The six hundred residents in this study is an example of a2n3
a. census
b. sample
c. observation
d. population
ANSW!" b
1
*. Since a sample is a subset of the population) a percenta1e that is calculated from the
sample data
a. is always smaller than the correspondin1 percenta1e from the population
b. is always lar1er than the correspondin1 percenta1e from the population
c. must be equal to the correspondin1 percenta1e from the population
d. can be lar1er) smaller) or equal to the correspondin1 percenta1e from the
population
ANSW!" d
4. A tabular method that can be used to summari5e the data on two variables simultaneously
is called
a. simultaneous equations
b. a crosstabulation
c. a histo1ram
d. a dot plot
ANSW!" b
Exhibit 2-4
A survey of %(( colle1e seniors resulted in the followin1 crosstabulation re1ardin1 their
under1raduate ma-or and whether or not they plan to 1o to 1raduate school.
Undergraduate Major
6raduate School ,usiness n1ineerin1 7thers Total
8es $0 %# *$ 1%(
No 91 1(% *0 #*(
Total 1#* 1%* 1#' %((
'. !efer to xhibit #:%. What percenta1e of the students does not plan to 1o to 1raduate
school;
a. #'(
b. 0#(
c. *0
d. $#
ANSW!" c
9. !efer to xhibit #:%. What percenta1e of the students. under1raduate ma-or is
en1ineerin1;
a. #9#
b. 0#(
c. *0
d. $*.0
ANSW!" d
2
1(. !efer to xhibit #:%. 7f those students who are ma-orin1 in business) what percenta1e
plans to 1o to 1raduate school;
a. #4.4'
b. '.40
c. 4(
d. 4#.##
ANSW!" a
11. !efer to xhibit #:%. Amon1 the students who plan to 1o to 1raduate school) what
percenta1e indicated /7ther/ ma-ors;
a. 10.40
b. %0
c. 0%
d. $0
ANSW!" b
1#. The purpose of statistical inference is to provide information about the
a. sample based upon information contained in the population
b. population based upon information contained in the sample
c. population based upon information contained in the population
d. mean of the sample based upon the mean of the population
ANSW!" b
1$. A simple random sample of si5e n from a finite population of si5e N is a sample selected
such that each possible sample of si5e
a. N has the same probability of bein1 selected
b. n has a probability of (.0 of bein1 selected
c. n has a probability of (.1 of bein1 selected
d. n has the same probability of bein1 selected
ANSW!" d
1%. A simple random sample from an infinite population is a sample selected such that
a. each element selected comes from the same population
b. each element is selected independently
c. each element selected comes from the same population and each element is
selected independently
d. the probability of bein1 selected chan1es
ANSW!" c
3
10. Stratified random samplin1 is a method of selectin1 a sample in which
a. the sample is first divided into 1roups) and then random samples are ta<en from
each 1roup
b. various strata are selected from the sample
c. the population is first divided into 1roups) and then random samples are drawn
from each 1roup
d. None of the alternative ANSW!S is correct.
ANSW!" c
1*. =luster samplin1 is
a. a nonprobability samplin1 method
b. the same as convenience samplin1
c. a probability samplin1 method
d. None of the alternative ANSW!S is correct.
ANSW!" c
14. =onvenience samplin1 is an example of
a. probabilistic samplin1
b. stratified samplin1
c. a nonprobability samplin1 technique
d. cluster samplin1
ANSW!" c
1'. Which of the followin1 is an example of a nonprobability samplin1 technique;
a. simple random samplin1
b. stratified random samplin1
c. cluster samplin1
d. -ud1ment samplin1
ANSW!" d
19. The ran1e of probability is
a. any value lar1er than 5ero
b. any value between minus infinity to plus infinity
c. 5ero to one
d. any value between :1 to 1
ANSW!" c
#(. Any process that 1enerates well:defined outcomes is
a. an event
b. an experiment
c. a sample point
d. None of the other answers is correct.
ANSW!" b
4
#1. &n statistical experiments) each time the experiment is repeated
a. the same outcome must occur
b. the same outcome can not occur a1ain
c. a different outcome may occur
d. None of the other answers is correct.
ANSW!" c
##. The collection of all possible sample points in an experiment is
a. the sample space
b. a sample point
c. an experiment
d. the population
ANSW!" a
#$. An experiment consists of tossin1 % coins successively. The number of sample points in
this experiment is
a. 1*
b. '
c. %
d. #
ANSW!" a
#%. A lottery is conducted usin1 three urns. ach urn contains chips numbered from ( to 9.
7ne chip is selected at random from each urn. The total number of sample points in the sample
space is
a. $(
b. 1((
c. 4#9
d. 1)(((
ANSW!" d
#0. 7f five letters 2A) ,) =) >) and 3) two letters are to be selected at random. ?ow many
possible selections are there;
a. #(
b. 4
c. 0@
d. 1(
ANSW!" d
#*. The ATop ThreeB at a racetrac< consists of pic<in1 the correct order of the first three
horses in a race. &f there are 1( horses in a particular race) how many ATop ThreeB outcomes are
there;
a. $(#)%((
b. 4#(
c. 1)'1%)%((
d. 1(
5
ANSW!" b
#4. The probability assi1ned to each experimental outcome must be
a. any value lar1er than 5ero
b. smaller than 5ero
c. one
d. between 5ero and one
ANSW!" d
#'. An experiment consists of four outcomes with C213 D (.#) C2#3 D (.$) and C2$3 D (.%.
The probability of outcome % is
a. (.0((
b. (.(#%
c. (.1((
d. (.9((
ANSW!" c
#9. 6iven that event has a probability of (.#0) the probability of the complement of event
a. cannot be determined with the above information
b. can have any value between 5ero and one
c. must be (.40
d. is (.#0
ANSW!" c
!ecall that C2A3 D 1:C2A
c
3. So we 1et (.#0 D 1 : C2A
c
3 C2A
c
3 D (.40
$(. The symbol shows the
a. union of events
b. intersection of events
c. sum of the probabilities of events
d. sample space
ANSW!" a
$1. The union of events A and , is the event containin1
a. all the sample points common to both A and ,
b. all the sample points belon1in1 to A or ,
c. all the sample points belon1in1 to A or , or both
d. all the sample points belon1in1 to A or ,) but not both
ANSW!" c
$#. &f C2A3 D (.$') C2,3 D (.'$) and C2A ,3 D (.04E then C2A ,3 D
a. 1.#1
b. (.*%
c. (.4'
d. 1.4'
ANSW!" b
!ecall that C2A ,3 D C2A3FC2,3: C2A ,3 D (.$'F (.'$ :(.04 D (.*%
6
$$. &f C2A3 D (.*#) C2,3 D (.%4) and C2A ,3 D (.''E then C2A ,3 D
a. (.#91%
b. 1.94((
c. (.*4((
d. (.#1((
ANSW!" d
!ecall that C2A ,3 D C2A3FC2,3: C2A ,3 D (.*#F(.%4:(.'' D (.#1
$%. &f C2A3 D (.'0) C2A ,3 D (.4#) and C2A ,3 D (.**) then C2,3 D
a. (.10
b. (.0$
c. (.#'
d. (.10
ANSW!" b Solve this the same as aboveGbut for ,
$0. Two events are mutually exclusive if
a. the probability of their intersection is 1
b. they have no sample points in common
c. the probability of their intersection is (.0
d. the probability of their intersection is 1 and they have no sample points in
common
$*. The multiplication law is potentially helpful when we are interested in computin1 the
probability of
a. mutually exclusive events
b. the intersection of two events
c. the union of two events
d. None of the other answers is correct.
ANSW!" b
$4. &f C2A3 D (.'() C2,3 D (.*0) and C2A ,3 D (.4') then C2,A3 D
a. (.*4((
b. (.'$40
c. (.940(
d. Not enou1h information is 1iven to answer this question.
ANSW!" b
!ecall C2,A3 D C2A ,3 H C2A3 D (.*4 H (.'( D (.'$40
$'. &f two events are independent) then
a. they must be mutually exclusive
b. the sum of their probabilities must be equal to one
c. the probability of their intersection must be 5ero
d. None of the other answers is correct.
ANSW!" d
7
$9. &f A and , are independent events with C2A3 D (.$' and C2,3 D (.00) then C2AI,3 D
a. (.#(9
b. (.(((
c. (.00(
d. None of the other answers is correct.
ANSW!" d
!ecall that if A and , are independent that C2AI,3 D C2A3 D (.$'
%(. &f J and 8 are mutually exclusive events with C2J3 D (.#90) C283 D (.$#) then C2JI83 D
a. (.(9%%
b. (.*10(
c. 1.((((
d. (.((((
ANSW!" d
!ecall that if the events are mutually exclusive that C2J 83 D (
So we find that C2JI83 D C2J 83 H C283 D ( H (.$# D (
8
hort !ns"er: Answer all of the followin1 questions. Ka<e sure to show all wor<. Solutions
with no wor< will receive no credit.
1. The SAT math scores of a sample of business school students and their 1enders are shown
below.
!T Math cores
6ender Less than %(( %(( up to *(( *(( and more Total
Female #% 1*' %' #%(
Kale %( 9* #% 1*(
Total *% #*% 4# %((
a. ?ow many students scored less than %((;
b. ?ow many students were female;
c. 7f the male students) how many scored *(( or more;
d. =ompute row percenta1es and comment on any relationship that may exist between SAT
math scores and 1ender of the individuals.
e. =ompute column percenta1es.
ANSW!S"
a. *% M This is simply the column total for less than *%
b. #%( M This is simply the row total for female
c. #% M So now we only loo< at the row for males and see how many scored 1reater than
*((.
d. To do this we only divide each rows values by their respective row total.
!T Math cores
6ender Less than %(( %(( up to *(( *(( and more Total
Female #%H#%( D 1(+ 1*'H#%(D4(+ %'H#%(D#(+ 1((+
Kale %(H1*(D#0+ 9*H1*(D*(+ #%H1*(D10+ 1((+
From the above percenta1es it can be noted that the lar1est percenta1es of both 1enders. SAT
scores are in the %(( to *(( ran1e. ?owever) 4(+ of females and only *(+ of males have SAT
scores in this ran1e. Also it can be noted that 1(+ of females. SAT scores are under %(()
whereas) #0+ of males. SAT scores fall in this cate1ory.
9
e. >o the same thin1 but for columns
!T Math cores
6ender Less than %(( %(( up to *(( *(( and more
Female $4.0+ *$.*+ **.4+
Kale *#.0+ $*.%+ $$.$+
Total 1((+ 1((+ 1((+
&f we loo< at the scores this way we can see that females were #"1 when scorin1 *(( or more
and almost that same ratio for %((:*((.
10
#. A mar<et research firm has conducted a study to determine consumer preference for a new
pac<a1e desi1n for a particular product. The consumers) a1es were also noted.
Pac#age Design
A1e A , = Total
Nnder #0 1' 1' #9 *0
#0 M %( 1' 1# 0 $0
Total $* $( $% 1((
a. Which pac<a1e desi1n was most preferred overall;
b. What percent of those participatin1 in the study preferred pac<a1e A;
c. What percent of those under #0 years of a1e preferred pac<a1e A;
d. What percent of those a1ed #0 : %( preferred pac<a1e A;
e. &s the preference for pac<a1e A the same for both a1e 1roups;
ANSW!S"
a. >esi1n A because it had the hi1hest number of purchases.
b. $* out of a 1(( total or $*+
c. So now we only loo< at the under #0 row and we find that it was 21'H*03O1((D#4.4+
d. >o the same thin1) but for #0:%( or 21'H$03O1((D01.%+
e. No) althou1h both 1roups have the 1' people who prefer >esi1n A) the percenta1e of
those in the ANnder #0B a1e 1roup who prefer >esi1n A is smaller than that of the A#0 M
%(B a1e 1roup 2#4.4+ vs. 01.%+3.
11
$. All the employees of A,= =ompany are assi1ned &> numbers. The &> number consists
of the first letter of an employeePs last name) followed by four numbers.
a. ?ow many possible different &> numbers are there;
b. ?ow many possible different &> numbers are there for employees whose last
name starts with an AAB;
ANSW!S"
a. So we simply use the countin1 rule here. We have 0 spaces with #* possible
outcomes for the first one 2A:Q3 and 1( numbers 2(:93 for the last four. So we
1et"
n1On#On$On%On0 D #*O1(O1(O1(O1( D #* O 1(
%
D #*()(((
b. We can use the same rule) but now there is only one possible outcome for n1 and
we see that our expression becomes 1On#On$On%On0 D 1O1(O1(O1(O1( D 1 O 1(
%
D 1()(((
12
%. The sales records of a real estate a1ency show the followin1 sales over the past #(( days"
Number of Number
?ouses Sold of >ays
( *(
1 '(
# %(
$ 1*
% %
a. ?ow many sample points are there;
b. Assi1n probabilities to the sample points and show their values.
c. What is the probability that the a1ency will not sell any houses in a 1iven day;
d. What is the probability of sellin1 at least # houses;
e. What is the probability of sellin1 1 or # houses;
f. What is the probability of sellin1 less than $ houses;
ANSW!S"
a. 0 for the total number of possible houses sold R ()1)#)$)% S
b. Number of
?ouses Sold Crobability
( (.$(
1 (.%(
# (.#(
$ (.('
% (.(#
c. This is C2(3 D (.$
d. This is all the values 1reater than and includin1 # D C 2J T #3
D C2#3 F C2$3 F C2%3 D (.#( F (.('F (.(# D (.$
e. This is the probability of C213 F C2#3 D (.%F (.# D(.*
f. The probability of sellin1 less than three houses is the same as 1: C2JT$3 by the
complement rule. This is easier to calculate D 1:C2$3 F C2%3 D 1 M (.(' M (.(# D
(.9
8ou can also add up the first directly C2(3 F C213 F C2#3 D (.9(
13
0. Assume two events A and , are mutually exclusive and) furthermore) C2A3 D (.# and C2,3 D
(.%.
a. Find C2A ,3.
b. Find C2A ,3.
c. Find C2A,3.
ANSW!S"
a. &f the events are mutually exclusive by definition the intersection does not exist so
C2A ,3 D (
b. C2A ,3 D C2A3 F C2,3 D (.%( F (.#( D (.*
c. C2A,3 D C2A ,3 H 2,3 D ( H (.%( D (
14
*. 8ou are 1iven the followin1 information on vents A) ,) =) and >.
C2A3 D .% C2A >3 D .*
C2,3 D .# C2A,3 D .$
C2=3 D .1 C2A =3 D .(%
C2A >3 D .($
a. =ompute C2>3.
b. =ompute C2A ,3.
c. =ompute C2A=3.
d. =ompute the probability of the complement of =.
e. Are A and , mutually exclusive; xplain your answer.
f. Are A and , independent; xplain your answer.
1. Are A and = mutually exclusive; xplain your answer.
h. Are A and = independent; xplain your answer.
ANSW!S"
a. !ecall that C2A >3 D C2A3 F C2>3 : C2A >3
C2>3 D C2A >3 : C2A3 F C2A >3 D (.*( M (.%( F (.($ D (.#$
b. !ecall that C2A,3 D C2A ,3 H C 2,3 C2A ,3 D C2A,3OC2,3
(.$(O(.#( D (.(*
c. C2A=3 D C2A =3 H C 2=3 D (.(% H (.1( D (.%
d. C2=
c
3 D 1 M C2=3 D 1 M (.1( D (.9
e. No) C2A,3 (. Since this is the case we <now that C2A ,3 (. So since the
intersection is not equal to () A and , cannot be mutually exclusive.
f. No) C2A,3 C2A3 which is what is required for independence.
1. No) C2A =3 (
h. 8es) C2A=3 D C2A3. ,oth are equal to (.%( which means that event = does not
influence the outcome of event A. This is what it means to be independent.
15