Formula Sheet Electric Power Systems

The allowed tools at the exam are: this formula sheet, TEFYMA (or equivalent) and a
pocket calculator.

9D
9 =
E
9F

1 1
90

$ 91 where $ = 1 D 2
1 D
92

D with D = H
D 2

2
3

1 1
1
; $ = 1 D
3
1 D 2

D2
D

Three-phase per-unit base definitions according to Glover-Sarma:

6 EDVH 3 = 36EDVH1

, EDVH =

9EDVH/1 = 9EDVH// / 3

= EDVH =

<EDVH = 1 / = EDVH

6 EDVH1
9EDVH/1

9EDVH/1
, EDVH

6EDVH 3

39EDVH//
2
9
9EDVH//
=
=
6EDVH1 6EDVH 3
2
EDVH/1

Zero sequence networks of transformers, neglecting phase shift and shunt admittance:

Zn1

Zn2

3Zn1 Zeq 3Zn2

Zn

3Z n Zeq

Electric Power Systems Formula Sheet

Zeq

Zero, positive and negative sequence fault currents (In-0, In-1, In-2) for a fault at bus n
, Q 1 =

Three-phase fault

, Q 0 = , Q 1 = , Q 2 =

Single line-to-ground, phase a

, Q 1 = , Q 2 =

Line-to-line fault, phases b and c

Double line-to-ground fault, phases b and c

9)
; , Q0 = , Q2 = 0
= QQ 1

9)
= QQ 0 + = QQ 1 + = QQ 2 + 3= )
9)
; , Q 0 = 0
= QQ 1 + = QQ 2 + = )

9)

, Q 1 =
= (=
+ 3= ) )
= QQ 1 + QQ 2 QQ 0

= QQ 2 + = QQ 0 + 3= )

= QQ 0 + 3= )
, Q 2 = , Q 1
= QQ 2 + = QQ 0 + 3= )

= QQ 2
, Q 0 = , Q 1
= QQ 2 + = QQ 0 + 3= )

Znn-0, Znn-1 and Znn-2 denote element (n,n) of zero, positive and negative sequence bus
impedance matrix Zbus.

If prefault currents are neglected, bus voltages during fault at bus n,

V bus = V F Z bus IF
where IF only has one nonzero element being In the fault current leaving bus n.

rms short-circuit current unloaded synchronous machine

Symmetrical (ac)

1
1

, DF (W ) = (J
; "G ; G

W / 7 "G 1
1
H
+

; G ; G

, UPV (W ) = , DF (W ) + LGF (W )
2

Asymmetrical (ac+dc)
Asymmetrical (ac+maximum dc)

Electric Power Systems Formula Sheet

W / 7 G
1
H
+

; G

, UPV (W ) = , DF (W ) +
2

2 , " H W / 7$

] where , " = ;("

2

J
G

Salient pole rotor synchronous generator

3H ( ) =

4H ( ) =

Newton-Raphson solution of y=f(x) , iteration i:

(T9
;G

sin +

9 2 1
1
sin 2

2 ; T ; G

cos 2 sin 2
cos 9 2
+
;
;G
;G
T

(T9

[ (L + 1) = [ (L ) + - 1 (L ){\ I [[ (L )]}
I
Matrix element - (L ) =
= ( )
[
P

PQ

[ L

Complex Power injected at bus k calculated using bus admittance matrix, bus voltage
vector:
1

3N = 9N <NQ9Q cos( N Q N )
*
Q =1
6 N = 3N + M4N = 9N , N
1
4N = 9N <NQ9Q sin( N Q N )

Q =1

where <NQ H M = <EXV (N , Q) and 9N H M = 9EXV (N )

NQ

Z AB =

Z A ZB + ZB Z C + Z A ZC
ZC

Z A Z B + ZB Z C + Z A ZC
ZA
Z Z + ZB ZC + Z A Z C
= A B
ZB

Z BC =
-Y transformation

Z AC

Electric Power Systems Formula Sheet

ZA =

Z AB Z AC
Z AB + Z BC + Z AC

Z AB Z BC
Z AB + Z BC + Z AC
Z AC Z BC
ZC =
Z AB + Z BC + Z AC
ZB =