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Carl Anderson
Sr. Business Development Manager
Carrier Aggregation


July 2014
Mobile Devices Solutions
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Topics
2
The Case for Carrier Aggregation
Carrier Aggregation: Concepts, Drivers & Roadmap
Network Deployment Options
Overview of Carrier Aggregation in LTE-A
Testing of Carrier Aggregation
Anritsu Solutions for LTE Carrier Aggregation
Conclusions and Q&A
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The Case for
Carrier Aggregation
Mobile Devices Solutions
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Mobile Data Usage
4
Huge growth is predicted
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Spectrum Congestion
5
Technology is reaching the limits of spectral efficiency (bps/Hz)
Ever increasing user demand (applications) requires more bandwidth
Few areas with large contiguous blocks of spectrum
Mainly at frequencies greater than 3GHz
Available prime spectrum is fragmented in small blocks
US Spectrum Allocation 300 MHz to 3 GHz
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Carrier Aggregation:
Concepts, Drivers & Roadmap
Mobile Devices Solutions
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Carrier Aggregation (CA) Concepts
7
Increasing RF and Baseband chipset integration opens the possibility
to receive and transmit on more than one carrier simultaneously
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CA Drivers
8
Intra-band Contiguous
aggregation driven by >5 MHz 3G
licenses and spectrum becoming
available from WRC07
Scale to wider bandwidths while
still supporting existing UEs
on a single CC
Inter-band aggregation driven by
existing licenses, mergers and
acquisitions, and digital dividend
Piece together spectrum to
compete with carriers having
contiguous spectrum
Multi-Carrier UE
North American
Licensed Spectrum
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CA Roadmap for LTE
9
1.420
MHz
300Mbps
4x4MIMO
4Layers
Release 8
1.420
MHz
75Mbps
SISO/SIMO
1Layer
Release 8
D
O
W
N
L
I
N
K

U
P
L
I
N
K

1.440
MHz
600Mbps
4x4MIMO
4Layers
Release 10
1.440
MHz
300Mbps
2x2MIMO
2Layers
Release 10
1.4100
MHz
3000Mbps
8x8MIMO
8Layers
Release 12+
1.4100
MHz
1500Mbps
4x4MIMO
4Layers
Release 12+
1.440
MHz
1200Mbps
8x8MIMO
8Layers
Release 11
1.440
MHz
600Mbps
4x4MIMO
4Layers
Release 11
Note: Likely Peak Performance Indicated
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RFT-103 Carrier
Aggregation
WI-162 E-UTRA Carrier
Aggregation
Industry and Certification Trends for CA
Trial/Planning: 30
Certification Start 2014
Certification Started
Commercial Carriers Deploying/Pre-
Commercial
& 3 more in
Kuwait and
Saudi Arabia
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Network Deployment
Options
Mobile Devices Solutions
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Network Deployment Options
12
Identical Coverage
Intra-band Contiguous CCs
Diverse Coverage
Using wideband transceiver in the eNB Improve coverage at sector edges
f
1

f
2

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Network Deployment Options
(continued)
13
Remote Radio Heads
Inter-band Non-Contiguous CCs
CA in a Heterogeneous Network
f
1

f
2

High frequency carrier used to provide hot-
spots of greater capacity
Pico-cells / femto-cells used to offload the
macro-cell
Intra-cell interference coordination used to
increase capacity
Note: Conceptual only. Distributed antennas not currently supported by 3GPP
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Carrier Aggregation
in LTE-A
Mobile Devices Solutions
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CA Band Notation and Rel. 11 Implementations
15
Format for CA Band Notation




Intra-Band
Contiguous
Intra-Band
Non-Contiguous
Inter-Band
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CA Band Notation and Rel. 11 Implementations
16

Rel. 10 and 11 Examples
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CA UE Bandwidth Classes
17
Channel bandwidth BW
Channel
[MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Transmission bandwidth configuration
N
RB

6 15 25 50 75 100
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CA Band/Bandwidth Class Combinations
18
Format for CA Band/Bandwidth Class Notation





Inter-Band Intra-Band
Contiguous
Intra-Band
Non-Contiguous
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CA Band/Bandwidth Class Combinations
19

Rel. 10 and 11 Band/Bandwidth Combinations
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3 Carrier CA
20
3GPP RAN 4 is working on 3 Carrier Combinations as well as
FDD+TDD for Release 12










The work needs to move to RAN5 and be finalized before test cases
for these features are known
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LTE-A CA Overview
21
Uses R8/9 backward-compatible carriers as the basic building blocks
Signaling supports aggregation of up to 5 CCs in both UL and DL
One CC acts as the anchor (Primary) for mobility, others (Secondaries)
are added/released through signaling on Primary
Supports Intra-band contiguous, non-contiguous, and Inter-band
Supports use of Remote Radio
Heads and Relay Nodes
Supports both symmetric and
asymmetric aggregations
Note: Although signaling supports up to 5 CCs, 3GPP Releases support specific configurations
Release 10: In DL max 2 DL inter or intra-band contiguous or non-contiguous CCs,
In UL max 2 intra-band contiguous CCs
Release 11: In DL same as Rel10,
In UL max 2 intra-band contiguous or non-contiguous CCs
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Changes from LTE to LTE-A
22
Introduction of PDSCH-only downlink
Cross-carrier scheduling with Carrier Identifier Field (CIF) in PDCCH
Measurements
New event A6 added for Scell change
DRX
Added capability for S-Cell
activation/deactivation
BSR
New BSR table added to support
higher data rates

PCC Primary Component Carrier
SCC Secondary Component Carrier
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LTE-A Upper Layers
23
NAS
No impact; only uses
P-Cell
RRC
New signaling for
management of SCC
New measurement
control
PDCP/RLC
Same architecture but
need to handle higher
data throughputs
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LTE Categories
24
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Carrier Activation and DRX
25
Additional Scell CCs are Activated Through a MAC Control Element
(CE)
CC is Available for Scheduling 8 Subframes Later
Timer Starts on SCell Activation
If No Data is Scheduled by PDCCH for Timer Period, SCell is Deactivated
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Physical Layer Aspects of CA (1)
26
Downlink Channel Quality
CQI reported for each CC on the PUCCH or PUSCH if active
Uplink Control Signaling
Rel. 8 HARQ bandwidth not adequate for additional CCs
PUCCH format 3 created to allow for 10 ACK/NACK bits (FDD)
Uplink Channel Quality
Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) request and transmission on PCells and
SCells enabled
Uplink Transmit Power Control (TPC)
PUCCH and 1 or more PUSCHs can be power controlled independently
PDSCH TPCs on PDCCH of PCell or SCell
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Physical Layer Aspects of CA (2)
Downlink Radio Link
Monitoring
UE evaluates Radio Link quality and
failure through the Pcell
More effective to deploy Pcells as
lower frequency in inter-band CA
scenarios due to better propagation
Timing and Synchronization
In the case of a co-located eNB,
timing advance the same regardless
of frequency (band)
Cross-Carrier Scheduling
Decreases interference for HetNets
3 Bit Carrier Indicator Field (CIF)
Allows for Up to 7 Carriers
27
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RRC Layer Aspects of CA (1)
28
UE Capability Transfer Procedure
UE Category
CA support implied by cat. 6-8 - CA config signaled separately
Cross-Carrier Scheduling Support
Simultaneous PUSCH and PUCCH TX
Supports simultaneous PUSCH and PUCCH on different CCs
Supported Band Combinations
Support for specific frequency band and bandwidth comb.
Event A6 Support
Neighbor PCell becomes stronger than a serving SCell by D
SCell Addition During Handover to E-UTRAN


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RRC Layer Aspects of CA (2)
29
SCell Addition and Removal
SCells cannot be added immediately at RRC establishment
Added and removed through RRC Connection Reconfiguration
procedure
Since intra-LTE handover is treated as RRC Connection
Reconfiguration, CA handover is possible
Handover Procedures for CA are Largely the same as
Release 8 and 9
New event A6 when neighbor PCell becomes larger than service
SCell
Handover to neighbor Pcell depending on network conditions

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Testing of
Carrier Aggregation
Mobile Devices Solutions
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Testing of Carrier Aggregation
- High-Level Test Requirements
31
Potentially Large Numbers of Transmitters and Receivers
5 CCs with 8 x n MIMO with Handover => 80 Transmitters
All may require independent up-conversion
5 CCs with n x 4 MIMO with Handover => 40 Receivers
All may require independent down-conversion
High Peak Data Rates
Up to 50K IP Packets/sec with some functions requiring processing per
packet (e.g. ROHC)
e.g., Current solutions use 1Gbps Ethernet
Logging
Tracing problems may require very smart search and filter tools
Logging at each layer can generate huge amounts of data
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Testing of Carrier Aggregation
32
Development Testing
New L1 and L2 features
New RRC signaling
High rate bearers
New connected mode mobility permutations
Conformance Testing
New RF tests for each band combination
New RRM tests for new measurement types
New Protocol tests for L2 extensions and for R10 RRC signaling
Carrier Acceptance Testing
Operator specific band combinations
Device performance
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Device Test Market Model
Conf.& Carrier
Acceptance Test
Alternate Channel
Distribution/Integ.
Carrier
Distribution
Consumer
Aftermarket
Service
BB Chipset
Development
ODM
UE Integration
OEM
Integration
EMS
Factory
OEM
Factory
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FDD TRX/Perf CA Test Examples Inter-Band
34
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CA Signaling Test Examples
35
7.1.3.11
Addition of new CA test case: CA / Correct HARQ process handling / DCCH and DTCH /
Pcell and Scell
Rel-10
7.1.4.21 CA / UE power headroom reporting / Extended PHR Rel-10
7.1.9.1
CA / Activation/Deactivation of SCells / Activation/Deactivation MAC control element
reception / sCellDeactivationTimer
Rel-10
8.2.2.3 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / SCell addition/modification/release / Success Rel-10
8.2.2.4 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / SCell SI change / Success Rel-10
8.2.2.5 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / SCell Addition without UL / Success Rel-10
8.2.4.17
CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / Handover / Success / PCell Change and SCell
addition
Rel-10
8.2.4.18 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / Handover / Success / SCell release Rel-10
8.3.1.17
CA / Measurement configuration control and reporting / Intra E-UTRAN measurements /
Event A6
Rel-10
8.3.1.18
CA / Measurement configuration control and reporting / Intra E-UTRAN measurements /
Additional measurement reporting
Rel-10
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LTE Carrier Aggregation Solutions
Conformance
Test
Carrier
Acceptance
Test (CAT)
Production
Integration /
Functional Test
Chipset Design /
Core UE R&D
MS269xA & MS2830A
Signal Analyzer
MG3710A
Signal Generator
MD1230B
Data Quality Analyzer
MT8820C
Radio Communication
Analyzer
(UE Calibration and
RF Parametric Test)
MT8820C
Radio Communication
Analyzer
(RF Parametric Test)
ME7873L
RF Conformance
Test System
ME7834L
Mobile Device
Test Platform
MD8475A
Signaling Tester
(Application Test)
MD8430A
Signaling Tester with RTD
(L1/L2, Protocol Stack Test)
MD8475A
Signaling Tester
(Application Test)
ME7873L
RF/RRMConformance
Test System
ME7834L
Mobile Device
Test Platform
MT8870A
Universal Wireless
Test Set
(UE Calibration and
RF Parametric Test)
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MWC LTE Advanced CA Demos

2012 Intra-Band CA with Signalion UEs 2013 Inter-Band CA with Qualcomm FFA
B4 + B17
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MD8430A Carrier Aggregation Demos at MWC
2012 Intra-Band CA with
Signalion UEs
2013 Inter-Band CA with
Ref. Design B4 + B17
2014 Cat. 6 Inter-Band CA
Intel 7260 Ref. Design
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Conclusions
39
Huge growth in mobile data usage is driving demand for
more network capacity
Carrier Aggregation provides a highly flexible solution with
excellent re-use of existing standards and an easy route to provide
backwards compatibility with legacy devices
Carrier Aggregation Drives Complexity in both the Wireless
Device and Base Station Simulator (Test Equipment)
Anritsu Supports the Evolution to Carrier Aggregation with
a Parallel Portfolio of Both HSPA and LTE Capabilities
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Thank You!
40
For more information on Anritsus products please visit:

www.anritsu.com

or call

1-800-ANRITSU (267-4878)
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