Design and Drawing of Steel Structures 3-2 Set-1 A

S.
1 Design and Drawing of Steel Structures (April/May-2013, Set-1) JNTU-Anantapur

B.Tech. III-Year II-Sem. ( JNTU-Anantapur )
Code No.: 9A01601/R09
III B.Tech. II Semester Regular & Supplementary Examinations
April/May - 2013
DESIGN AND DRAWING OF STEEL STRUCTURES
( Civil Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70
Use of IS 800-2007, IS 875 Part III, Steel Tablets and
Railway Design Standards Code are permitted in the examination hall.
- - -
Part A
(Answer any ONE question, 1 28 marks)
1. A column is subjected to an axial load of 750 kN. The beam connected to the flange of the column has an eccentric
load of 150 kN and the beam connected to the web of the column has an eccentric load of 60 kN. Design the column
for an effective length 4 m. Draw:
(a) Side view of the column
(b) Plan view of the column. (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.3)
2. A simply supported beam of effective span 8 m carries a U.D.L of 40 kN/m. Taking fy = 250 N/mm
2
and E = 2 10
5
N/
mm
2
. Design the beam as laterally supported. Draw elevation and sectional details of the beam. (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.3)
Part B
(Answer any THREE questions, 3 14 marks)
3. (a) Write about major types of tension members. (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.1)
(b) The tension member of a roof truss carries a maximum axial tension of 250 kN. Design the section. Diameter of
connecting riveters 20 mm, safe stress in tension = 150 N/mm
2
. (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.1)
4. Design a built up column with four angles laced together. The effective length of the column is 7.20 m and it supports
a load of 1200 kN. (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1)
5. A steel column consists of ISHB 300 with cover plate 300 mm 25 m for each flange. The column carries an axial load
of 2300 kN. Design a gusted base plate for the column. Use 18 mm diameter rivets. (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.1)
6. Design an I section purlin with an without sag bars for trussed roof from the following data,
Span of roof = 10 m, spacing of purlin along slope of truss 1.8 m
Spacing of truss = 4 m slope of roof truss = 1 vertical 2 horizontal
Wind load on roof surface normal to roof = 1200 N/mm
2
.
Vertical loads from roof sheets = 200 N/mm
2
. (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.2)
7. Design the cross section of a welded plate girder for a U.D.L of 80 kN/m. The effective span is 16 m.
(Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.1)
Set-1
Sol ut i ons
S. 2
Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014
SOLUTIONS TO APRIL/MAY-2013, SET-1, QP
Part A
(Answer any ONE question, 1 28 marks)
Q1. A column is subjected to an axial load of 750 kN. The beam connected to the flange of the column
has an eccentric load of 150 kN and the beam connected to the web of the column has an eccentric
load of 60 kN. Design the column for an effective length 4 m. Draw:
(a) Side view of the column
(b) Plan view of the column.
Answer : April/May-13, Set-1, Q1
Given that,
Axial load on column, P = 750 kN
Beam connected to the flange with an eccentric load of W
1
= 150 kN
Beam connected to the web with an eccentric load of W
2
= 60 kN
Effective length of column, L
eff
= 4 m = 4000 mm
The total vertical loads acting on the column,
W = P + W
1
+ W
2
W = 750 + 150 + 60
W = 960 kN
Assume,
Slenderness ratio of column, = 80
Yield stress for steel, f
y
= 260 N/mm
2
For f
y
= 260 N/mm
2
and = 80, the permissible stress in axial compression
bc
is equal to 103 N/mm
2
.
Required area of section,
A
req
=
bc
W
A
req
=
103
10 960
3
A
req
= 9320.388 mm
2
Assume effective section are required,
A = 1.5 A
req
A = 1.5 9320.388
A = 13980.582 mm
2
.
Adopt ISWB 550 @ 112.5 kg/m: with following properties:
Area provided, A = 14334 mm
2
Depth of the section, D = 550 mm
Width of flange, b
f
= 250 mm
Thickness of flange, t
f
= 17.6 mm
S. 3 Design and Drawing of Steel Structures (April/May-2013, Set-1) JNTU-Anantapur
Thickness of web, t
w
= 10.5 mm
Moment of inertia, I
xx
= 74906.1 10
4
mm
4
Moment of inertia, I
yy
= 3740.6 10
4
mm
4
Radius of gyration, r
xx
= 228.6 mm
Radius of gyration, r
yy
= 51.1 mm
Modulus of section, Z
xx
= 2723.9 10
3
mm
3
Modulus of section, Z
yy
= 299.2 10
3
mm
3
17.6 mm
250 mm
Eccentric load 150 kN
Axial load
750 kN
550
mm 10.5 mm
ISWB 550 @ 112.5 kg/m
17.6 mm
250 mm
Axial load
750 kN
550
mm 10.5 mm
ISWB 550 @ 112.5 kg/m
Figure: Showing the Section
Determine the Slenderness Ration ( )
=
min
r
l
r
min
= r
yy
= 51.1 mm
Length, l = 4 m = 4000 mm
=
1 . 51
4000
= 78.278
Determine Average Compressive Stress,
bc, cal

bc, cal
=
provided Area
load axial Total
=
14334
10 960
3

bc, cal
= 66.974 N/mm
2
S. 4
For,
T
D
=
6 . 17
550
= 31.25 and
min
r
l
= 78.278
Evaluate
ac
value from IS 800-1984
ac
= 132 N/mm
2
Assume an angle section ISA 150 mm 75 mm 10
mm @ 0.169 kg/m for an eccentric load about X-X & Y-Y axis.
Moment in yy-axis = (
,
\
,
(
j
+
2
75
2
D
150
M
yy
= (
,
\
,
(
j
+
2
75
2
550
150
M
yy
= 46875 kN-mm
Assume minimum eccentricity = 100 mm
Moment in plane of xx-axis = Load of beam connected
to web Eccentricity
M
xx
= 60 100
M
xx
= 6000 kN-mm
Bending stress about xx-axis,

bc, xx
=
xx
yy
Z
M
=
3
3
10 9 . 2723
10 46875

bc, xx
= 17.209 N/mm
2
Bending stress about yy-axis,

bc, yy
=
yy
xx
Z
M
=
3
3
10 2 . 299
10 6000

bc, yy
= 20.053 N/mm
2
Allowable bending compressive stress,

bc
= 0.66 f
y
= 0.66 260

bc
= 171.6 N/mm
2
Check for Safety of Interaction Expression
1
, , cal ,
]
]
]
,
+
+
bc
yy bc xx bc
ac
bc
]
]
]
,
, +
+
6 . 171
053 . 20 209 . 17
132
974 . 66
= 0.725 < 1
Hence the section of safe.
Provide ISWB 550 @ 112.5 kg/m with angles of ISA
150 mm 75 mm 10 mm @ 0.169 kg/m.
Q2. A simply supported beam of effective span 8
m carries a U.D.L of 40 kN/m. Taking f
y
= 250
N/mm
2
and E = 2 10
5
N/mm
2
. Design the
beam as laterally supported. Draw elevation
and sectional details of the beam.
Given that,
Effective length, L = 8 m
Uniformly distributed load, W = 40 kN/m
f
y
= 250 N/mm
2
E = 2 10
5
N/mm
2
Self weight =
350
L W
=
350
8 40
= 0.914 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load = 40 + 0.914
W= 40.914 kN/m
Bending Moment, M
M =
8
2
WL
=
8
8 914 . 40
2
M = 327.312 10
6
N-mm
M = 327.312 kN-m
Shear Force, V
V =
2
WL
=
2
8 914 . 40
V = 163.656 kN
Calculate the Section Modulus Required Z
req
Z
req
=
bc
M

bc
=
bt
= 0.66 f
y
= 0.66 250

bc
=
bt
= 165 N/mm
2
Required sectional modulus, Z
req
=
165
10 312 . 327
6
Z
req
= 1983.709 10
3
mm
3
Adopt ISWB 500 @ 95.2 kg/m (from steel tables)
Z
xx
= 2091.6 10
3
mm
3
I
xx
= 52209.9 10
4
mm
4
d = 500 mm, b
f
= 250 mm
t
f
= 14.7 mm
t
w
= 9.9 mm
Check for Shear
Calculate shear stress,
v, cal
=
w
t d
V
=
9 . 9 500
10 656 . 163
3

v, cal
= 33.062 N/mm
2
Permissible shear stress,
v
= 0.4 f
y
= 0.4 250
= 100 N/mm
2

v, cal
is less than
v
The design is safe in shear.
Check for Deflection
Maximum deflection, Y
max
=
EI
WL
384
5
4
Y
max
=
4 5
4 3
10 9 . 52209 10 2 384
) 8 ( ) 10 914 . 40 ( 5

(1000)
3
Y
max
= 20.897 mm
Allowable deflection, Y =
325
Span
=
325
8000
Y = 24.615 mm
Y is greater than Y
max
Hence the beam is safe in deflection.
500 mm
14.7
mm
14.7
mm
9.9 mm
250 mm
470.6
mm
500 mm
14.7
mm
14.7
mm
9.9 mm
250 mm
470.6
mm
Figure: Showing the Sectional Details of I-rolled beam
Part B
(Answer any THREE questions, 3 14 marks)
Q3. (a) Write about major types of tension
members.
Answer : April/May-13, Set-1, Q3(a)
The major tension members can be divided into,
1. Wires and cables
2. Bars and rods
3. Single structural shapes and plates
4. Build up sections.
1. Wires and Cables
The use of wires as structural tension members are
normally cold-drawn from hot-rolled rods. Generally the size
of wire is specified by the gauge number. Cables or wire
ropes are used for rigging slings, hoists, derricks, hangers
for suspension bridges, guy wires etc.
2. Bars and Rods
The members carrying small magnitude tensile force
may be made from round rods or flat bars or hot-rolled square
rods. The ends of the round bars are threaded and used with
nuts. Flat bars may be bolted, welded or riveted to an adjoin-
ing part or forged into eyebar or loop ends and connected to
a pin.
3. Single Structural Shapes and Plates
Single structural shapes that are commonly used are
tee-sections, angle sections and channel sections. The main
use of single angles are for light truss tension members and
bracing. Single channels and plates can also be used as
tension members.
S. 6
4. Built-up Section
Built-up section comprising of two or more plates are
used, when heavy tensile load is required for a member. This
type of built up section provides,
(a) Greater rigidity by way of greater moment of
inertia,
(b) Greater area, and
(c) Suitable dimension.
(b) The tension member of a roof truss
carries a maximum axial tension of 250
kN. Design the section. Diameter of
connecting riveters 20 mm, safe stress
in tension = 150 N/mm
2
.
Answer : April/May-13, Set-1, Q3(b)
Given that,
Axial tension, P = 250 kN = 250 10
3
N
Diameter of rivets, d = 20 mm
Gross diameter of rivets = d + 1.5 = 20 + 1.5 = 21.5 mm
Safe stress in tension,
at
= 150 N/mm
2
Calculate the Required Area
Area required, A
req
=
at
tension Axial
=
150
10 250
3
A
req
= 1666.667 mm
2
Provide an angle section of ISA 125 95 12 mm @
19.6 kg/m
Area = 2498 mm
2
Determine the Net Area, A
net
A
net
= A
1
+ k A
2
Where,
A
1
= (125 Diameter of rivet t/2) t
= (125 21.5 12/2) 12
A
1
= 1170 mm
A
2
= (95 t/2) t
= (95 12/2) 12
A
2
= 1068 mm
2
k =
2 1
1
3
3
A A
A
+
=
1068 ) 1170 3 (
1170 3
+
= 0.767
A
net
= 1170 + 0.767 1068
Net area = 1989.156
1990 mm
2
Check for Load Capacity
Load capacity = Area provided (A
net
)
at
= 1990 150
= 298500 N
= 298.5 kN greater than 250 kN
Hence the section provided is safe.
Design of Connection
(i) Strength of rivet in single shear,
= 100
4
2
d
= 100
4
5 . 21
2

= 36305.030 N
= 36.305 kN
(ii) Strength of rivet in bearing = 300 d t
= 300 21.5 12
= 77400 N = 77.4 kN
Rivet value = Least strength = 36.305 kN
Number of rivets =
value Rivet
Load
=
305 . 36
250
= 6.886
6
Provide 6 rivets at a pitch of 2.5 20 = 50 mm
Pitch = 50 mm
Edge distance = 35 mm (Assume)
35 mm
50 mm 50 mm 50 mm 50 mm 50 mm
35 mm
125 mm
6-20 mm
rivets
ISA 125 95 12
Gusset Plate
35 mm
50 mm 50 mm 50 mm 50 mm 50 mm
35 mm
125 mm
6-20 mm
rivets
ISA 125 95 12
Gusset Plate
Figure
Q4. Design a built up column with four angles laced together. The effective length of the column is
7.20 m and it supports a load of 1200 kN.
Given that,
Axial load, P = 1200 kN
Effective length, l = 7.20 m
4 MS angle sections are used which are laced together to form a square column.
Assume slenderness ratio, = 50; f
y
= 250 N/mm
2
For f
y
= 250 N/mm
2
and = 50
Adopt
ac
= 132 N/mm
2
(from IS 800 : 1984)
Determine the Required Area
Area required, A
req
=
ac
load Axial
A
req
=
132
10 1200
3
A
req
= 9090.909 mm
2
Area required for each flange =
4
909 . 9090
= 2272.727 mm
2
Adopt ISA 110 110 15 mm @ 24.2 kg/m with following properties,
Area, A = 3081 mm
2
I
xx
= I
yy
= 337.4 10
4
mm
4
C
xx
= C
yy
= 32.7 mm
r
xx
= r
yy
= 33.1 mm
S. 8
Minimum radius of gyration, r
min
=
prov
A
I
x
Where,
I
x
= 4 [I
xx
+ A (B/2 C
xx
)
2
]
I
x
= 4 [337.4 10
4
+ 3081 (B/2 32.7)
2
]
A
prov
= 4 A
= 4 3081
A
prov
= 12324 mm
2
r
min
=
2
1
3081 4
] ) 7 . 32 2 ( 3081 10 4 . 337 [ 4
2 4
]
]
]
]
,
,
+ B
r
min
= [1095.099 + (0.5 B 32.7)
2
]
1/2
... (1)
Compressive stress
bc
=
Area
load Axial
=
3081 4
10 1200
3

bc
= 97.371 N/mm
2
From IS 800 : 1984
For f
y
= 250 N/mm
2
and
bc
= 97.371 N/mm
2
, we get,
= 90 + x
= 90 7.371
= 82.629
We know that, =
min
r
l
82.629 =
2
1
] ) 7 . 32 5 . 0 ( 099 . 1095 [
10 20 . 7
2
3
B +
1095.099 + (0.5 B 32.7)

2
=
2
3
629 . 82
10 20 . 7
(
(
,
\
,
,
(
j
On simplification, we get,
B = 226.616
250 mm
Provide a square column of size 250 mm 250 mm.
Check
Minimum radius of gyration = [1095.099 + (0.5 250 32.7)
2
]
1/2
r
min
= 98.053
=
min
r
l
=
053 . 98
10 20 . 7
3
= 73.43
From IS 800 : 1984,
For = 73.43 and f
y
= 250 N/mm
2
, we get,

bc
= 108.570 N/mm
2
.
Check for safe capacity of section,
P
safe
= A
prov

bc
= (4 3081) 108.57
P
safe
= 1338016.680 N
P
safe
= 1338.017 kN greater than 1200 kN
Hence the section provided is safe.
Design of Lacing Bars
Assume single lacing system is inclined at 45 to the axis of the column.
Gauge distance, g = 60 mm (Assume)
Spacing = 4[r
min
C
yy
]
= 4[98.053 32.7]
= 261.412 mm
260 mm c/c
Distance, d = Spacing + 2(g)
d = 260 + 2(60)
d = 380 mm
Length of the lacing bar is given as,
L
b
= 2d cot
= 2 380 cot 45
= 760 1
L
b
= 760 mm
r
min
= r
xx
= r
yy
= 33.1 mm
e
=
min
r
L
b
=
1 . 33
760
= 22.961
23
Note
e
should be equal to or less than 0.7 (or) 50 which ever is less.

e
= 23 < (0.7 73.43) > 50
= 23 < 51.401
Hence safe (adequate).
Finding the Angle

e
=
min
r
l
b

e
=
1 . 33
cot 2 d
S. 10
(0.7 73.43) 33.1 = 2d cot
cot =
380 2
1 . 33 ) 43 . 73 7 . 0 (

cot = 2.239
tan =
239 . 2
1
= 24.070
= 25
Hence provide = 25 for convenience in solving.
Length of the lacing bar, L
b
= 2d cot
L
b
= 2 380 cot (25)
L
b
= 1629.825
1630 mm
r
min
= r
yy
= r
xx
= 33.1 mm

e
=
min
r
l
o
=
1 . 33
1630

e
= 49.245
50

e
< 0.7
50 < 51.401
Hence safe.
For single lacing length,
l =
2
b
L
sec
=
2
1630
sec 25
l = 899.253
900 mm
Effective length of lacing, l
e
= l
Minimum thickness of lacing </
40
l
(for single lac-
ing system)
t =
40
900
t = 22.5 mm 24 mm
Finding the Rivet Value
Adopt 20 mm power driven rivet
d = 20 mm
d
o
= 20 + 1.5
d
o
= 21.5 mm
Strength of rivet in shear =
4
5 . 21
1000
100
2

P
s
= 36.305 kN
Strength of rivet in bearing, P
b
=
1000
300
d
o
t
=
1000
300
21.5 24
P
b
= 154.8 kN
Rivet value = Least strength in shear.
Rivet value = 36.305 kN
For 20 mm rivet, width of flat (b) = 60 mm
Adopt 60 mm 24 mm flat for lacing.
For single lacing system, minimum slenderness ratio
is given as,

min
= >/
r
l
e
12
145

min
=
24
12 900

min
= 129.904 >/ 145
Hence safe.
For = 129.904, f
y
= 250 N/mm
2
(from table)

ac
= 57 N/mm
2
Transverse shear, V = 0.025 W
= 0.025 1200
V = 30 kN
For single lacing system, force acting in lacing is
given as,
F =
sin n
V
=
25 sin 4
30
= 17.747 kN
Number of rivets =
V R
F
.
cos 2
=
305 . 36
25 cos 747 . 17 2
= 0.886
1 rivet
Compressive stress =
t b
F
=
) 24 60 (
10 747 . 17
3
= 12.324 <
ac
57 N/mm
2
Hence safe.
Tensile stress =
t d b
F
o
) (
=
24 ) 5 . 21 60 (
10 747 . 17
3
= 19.207 N/mm
2
<
ac
57 N/mm
2
Hence safe.
A single lacing system comprises of 60 mm 24 mm
flats connected by one power driven rivet of 20 mm at
each end.
120 mm
260 mm
25
25
25
120 mm
260 mm
25
25
25
Figure: Single Lacing Systems Column
C
xx
X X
2
5
0

m
m
Y
Y
Lacing
C
xx
X X
2
5
0

m
m
Y
Y
Lacing
Figure: 4 Angle Section Laced Together
Q5. A steel column consists of ISHB 300 with
cover plate 300 mm 25 m for each flange.
The column carries an axial load of 2300 kN.
Design a gusted base plate for the column.
Use 18 mm diameter rivets.
Given that,
Load on column, P = 2300 kN
Section used for column - ISHB 300
1. Depth of the section, h = 300 mm
2. Width of the flange, b
f
= 250 mm
Diameter of rivets = 18 mm
Assume
1. Permissible bearing pressure on concrete

bc
= 4 N/mm
2
2. Safe bearing capacity of soil = 300 kN/m
2
Area of base plate, A=
concrete on pressure Bearing
column on load Axial
A=
4
10 2300
3
= 575 10
3
mm
2
Provide gusset plate of 15 mm
Gusset angle of 150 115 12
S. 12
Minimum width of base plate,
b = 300 + 2(25) + 2(15) + 2(115)
b = 610 mm
Length of base plate, d=
b
Area
=
610
10 575
3
d = 942.623
950 mm
Provide base plate of dimension = 950 610 mm
The arrangement of base plate, gusset plate, angles and column section is shown in the figure.
Cover plate
300 25
ISHB 300
115 mm
15 mm
350 mm
15 mm
115 mm
610 mm
P/2
950 mm
y
y
P/2
W = 4 N/mm
2
300 mm
Cover plate
300 25
ISHB 300
115 mm
15 mm
350 mm
15 mm
115 mm
610 mm
P/2
950 mm
y
y
P/2
W = 4 N/mm
2
300 mm
Figure
Upward Pressure by Soil
w=
plate of Area
load Axial
w=
610 950
10 2300
3
w= 3.969 4 N/mm
2
For unit width; w = 4 N/mm
2
Project of cantilever, l = 115 12
l = 103 mm
Cantilever moment =
2
2
l w
=
2
103 4
2
= 21218 N-mm
Now moment of resistance = Cantilever Moment
f
b
Z = 21218
185
6
1
2
t
= 21218 (Q f
b
= 185 N/mm
2
)
t
2
= 688.151 mm
t = 26.233 mm
Thickness of base plate required, t
b
= t Gusset angle thickness
t
b
= 26.233 12
t
b
= 14.233 14 mm
Bending moment at the centre of 1 mm wide strip
=
2
115
8
380
2 2
w w
=
2
115 4
8
380 4
2 2

Design moment, M = 45750 N-mm
Equating moment of resistance = Design moment
f
b
Z = 45750
185
6
1
2
t
= 45750
t = 38.52 mm
t
b
40 mm
Thickness of base plate, t
b
= 40 mm (or) 14 mm
Provide base plate of size 950 610 40 mm
Design of Connection Between Gusset Base and Column
Assuming that the column ends are faced well to take up the bearing stresses. The connection existing between
gusset plate and column will be designed for half of the axial load.
Design load for connection =
2
load Axial
=
2
2300
= 1150 kN
S. 14
Using 18 mm bolts
Diameter of bolts = 1.5 + 18
= 19.5 mm
Strength of bolt (in single shear)
= 100
4
(19.5)
2
= 29864.765 N
29865 N
Strength of bolt in bearing will be higher.
Bolt value = 29865 N
Number of bolts required, n=
29865
10 1150
3
n = 38.507
40
Therefore provide 40 bolts of 18 mm to connect the
column to the gusset plate. On each gusset plate 20 bolts
are provided.
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
950 mm
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
950 mm
Figure
Q6. Design an I section purlin with an without
sag bars for trussed roof from the following
data,
Span of roof = 10 m, spacing of purlin along
slope of truss 1.8 m
Spacing of truss = 4 m slope of roof truss = 1
vertical 2 horizontal
Wind load on roof surface normal to roof =
1200 N/mm
2
.
Vertical loads from roof sheets = 200 N/mm
2
.
April/May-13, Set-1, Q6
Answer :
Given that,
Span of the roof, L = 10 m
Spacing of purlin along slope of truss = 1.8 m
Spacing of truss = 4 m
Slope of roof truss = 1 vertical 2 horizontal
Slope () = 1/2
tan = 1/2
tan = 0.5
= tan
1
(0.5)
= 26.565
sin = 0.447
cos = 0.894
Wind load on roof surface normal to roof = 1200 N/m
2
.
Vertical load from roof sheets = 200 N/m
2
Calculating the Dead Load (D.L)
Load from roof sheeting = 200 spacing of purlin
= 200 1.8
= 360 N/m
2
Assume self weight = 120 N/m
2
Total dead load (W
d.L
) = 360 + 120 = 480 N/m
2
Calculation of Wind Load
Given that,
Wind load on roof surface = 1200 N/m
2
Total wind load = (W
w.l
) = 1200 Spacing of purlin
= 1200 1.8
W
w.l
= 2160 N/m
2
Design of I-section Purlin without Sag Bars
The load combination of (dead load + wind load)
creates greater effects on purlin than load combination of
(dead load + live load).
Consider the load combination (dead load + wind
load) for I-section purlin.
Dead load + Wind load
W
d.w.x
= Load normal to the slope
= W
w.l
+ W
d.l
cos
= 2160 + 480 cos (26.565)
W
d.w.x
= 2589.325 N
W
d.w.y
= Load parallel to slope = W
d.l
sin
= 480 sin (26.565)
W
d.w.y
= 214.662 N
M
xx
=
10
) (
2
. .
L W
x w d
=
10
4 ) 325 . 2589 (
2
M
xx
= 4142.920 10
3
N-mm
M
yy
=
10
) (
2
. .
L W
y w d
=
10
4 ) 662 . 214 (
2
M
yy
= 343.459 10
3
N-mm
Assume,
yy
xx
Z
Z
= 6, and

bt
= 0.66 f
y
= 0.66 250
bt
= 165 N/mm
2
E = 2 10
5
N/mm
2
Finding the required sectional modulus
Z
xx, req
=
bt
yy
yy
xx
xx
M
Z
Z
M
]
]
]
]
,
,
,
+
=
165
] 10 459 . 343 6 10 920 . 4142 [
3 3
+
Z
xx, req
= 37.598 10
3
mm
3
Select ISMB 100 @ 11.5 kg/m
Z
xx
= 51.5 10
3
mm
3
Z
yy
= 10.9 10
3
mm
3
Check for Permissible Stress

bt
=
yy
yy
xx
xx
Z
M
Z
M
+
=
3
3
3
3
10 9 . 10
10 459 . 343
10 5 . 51
10 920 . 4142

bt
= 111.955 N/mm
2
< 165 N/mm
2
Hence safe.
Design of I-Section with Sag Bar
Dead load + Wind load
W
dwx
= Load normal to the slope
= 2589.325 N
W
dwy
= Load parallel to slope
= 214.662 N
Bending Moment
M
xx
=
10
) (
2
L W
dwx
=
10
4 ) 325 . 2589 (
2
M
xx
= 4142.920 10
3
N-mm
M
yy
=
10
2
) (
2
(
,
\
,
(
j
L
W
dwy
=
10
2
4
662 . 214
2
(
,
\
,
(
j
M
yy
= 85.865 10
3
N-mm
Finding the Required Section Modulus
Z
xx, req
=
bt
yy
yy
xx
xx
M
Z
Z
M
]
]
]
]
,
,
,
+
=
165
10 865 . 85 6 10 920 . 4142
3 3
+
Z
xx, req
= 28.231 10
3
mm
3
Select ISLB 100 @ 8.0 kg/m
Z
xx
= 33.6 10
3
mm
3
Z
yy
= 5.1 10
3
mm
3

bt
=
yy
yy
xx
xx
Z
M
Z
M
+
=
3
3
3
3
10 1 . 5
10 865 . 85
10 6 . 33
10 920 . 4142

bt
= 140.137 N/mm
3
< 165 N/mm
2
Hence safe.
S. 16
Q7. Design the cross section of a welded plate
girder for a U.D.L of 80 kN/m. The effective
span is 16 m.
Given that,
Length of girder, L = 16 m
Udl = 80 kN/m
Total load on plate girder,
W = 16 80
W = 1280 kN
Reaction at each support =
2
W
=
2
1280
R
A
= R
B
= 640 kN
16 m
R
A
= 640 kN R
B
= 640 kN
80 kN/m
16 m
R
A
= 640 kN R
B
= 640 kN
80 kN/m
Figure
Maximum Bending Moment
M = 640 8
2
8 80
2
M = 2560 kN/m
Maximum Shear Force (S.F)
Shear force = Support reaction = 640 kN
Depth of Web Plate
(i) Provide intermediate stiffeners, if
w
t
d
> 200
(ii) No stiffeners (i.e., end and intermediate stiffeners)
are required if
w
t
d

67. But thick webs are required

for this condition.
(iii) Thin webs and end stiffeners are required if
K=
w
t
d
= 100
Consider,
K =
w
t
d
= 100
Economical depth,
d =
3
1
]
]
]
]
,
,
,
y
f
MK
d =
3
1
250
100 10 2560
6
]
]
]
]
,
,
,

(f
y
= 250 N/mm
2
)
d = 1007.937 mm
Provide 1200 mm wide plates.
We know that,
K =
w
t
d
100 =
w
t
1200
t
w
=
100
1200
t
w
= 12 mm
Size of web plate = 1200 mm 12 mm
Selection of Flange Plate
Assume that the moment is resisted by the flanges,
Area of flange needed is,

1 . 1
d f A
y f
M
1 . 1
1200 250
f
A
2560 10
6
A
f
9386.667 mm
2
If flange is kept in semi-compact class, then

f
t
b
13.6
Let width of flange, b
f
= 13.6 t
f
Now,
A
f
= 9386.667
b
f
t
f
= 9386.667
13.6 t
f
t
f
= 9386.667

2
f
t = 690.196
t
f
= 26.272 30 mm
Provide 30 mm thick plate
A
f
= b
f
t
f
9386.667 = b
f
30
b
f
= 312.889
320 mm
Provide flange plate = 320 mm 30 mm
1200 mm
30 mm
12 mm
320 mm
30 mm
Y
Y
Z Z
1200 mm
30 mm
12 mm
320 mm
30 mm
Y
Y
Z Z
Figure
Check for Actual Stresses
Moment of inertia of the section,
I =
12
1200 ) 12 320 (
12
1260 320
3 3

I = 8.991 10
9
mm
4
Actual flange stress,
f =
I
M
Y
max
=
2
1260
10 991 . 8
10 2560
9
6
f = 179.379 N/mm
2
Flange stress is greater than permissible stress i.e.,
165 N/mm
2
Redesign the member by considering the depth, d =
1400 mm
Thickness of web, t
w
=
100
1400
t
w
= 14 mm
Size of web = 1400 mm 14 mm
Area of flange required is,
1 . 1
d f A
y f

M
1 . 1
1400 250
f
A

2560 10
6
A
f
8045.714 mm
2
f
t
b

13.6
A
f
= b
f
t
f
= 8045.714
13.6 t
f
t
f
= 8045.714
t
f
= 24.323
26 mm
b
f
t
f
= 8045.714
b
f
26 = 8045.714
b
f
= 309.451 320 mm
Provide flange plate of 320 mm 26 mm
1452 mm
14 mm
320 mm
Y
Y
Z Z
26 mm
26 mm
1400 mm
1452 mm
14 mm
320 mm
Y
Y
Z Z
26 mm
26 mm
1400 mm
Figure
S. 18
Check for Actual Stresses
I =
12
1400 ) 14 320 (
12
1452 320
3 3

I = 1.166 10
10
Actual flange stress,
f =
I
M
Y
max
=
2
1452
10 166 . 1
10 2560
10
6
f = 159.396 N/mm
2
less than 165 N/mm
2
Hence the design is safe.

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1 Design and Drawing of Steel Structures (April/May-2013, Set-1) JNTU-Anantapur

1095.099 + (0.5 B 32.7)

67. But thick webs are required

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