i

TRAINING REPORT
FOR THE TRAINING
At
D.C.R.T.P.P., Yamuna Nagar
During 24
th
Jun 2014 to 05 Aug 2014









Submitted to: Submitted by:
Er. Bhavishay Kamboj Javed
XEN/BMD-I Roll NO. 4112646











ii

CONTENTS

PREFACE ...ii
ACKNPWLEDGEMENT ...iii
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1
2. CORPORATE MOTTO, MOSSION AND OBJECTIVES ....................................................... 2
2. HISTORY ................................................................................................................................... 4
3. MAUFACTURING UNITS ........................................................................................................ 7
4. PRODUCTS & MARKET OF BEL .........................................................................................10
5. BEL PANCHKULA& ITS PRODUCTS..................................................................................13
6. DEPARTMENTS & FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................... 24
6.1 DEVLOPMENT AND ENGINEERING......................................................................... 24
6.2 MANUFACTURING ...................................................................................................... 24
6.3 MATERIAL MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 25
6.4 MARKETING ................................................................................................................. 25
6.5 UALITY ASSURANCE .................................................................................................. 25
6.6 PLANT & SERVICES .................................................................................................... 26
6.7 HUMAN RESOURCE & ADMINISTRATION ............................................................. 26
6.8 FINANCE & ACCOUNTS ............................................................................................. 26
6.9 INFORMATION SYSTEMS .......................................................................................... 26
6.10 QUALITY MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 26
7. SUB DEPARTMENTS ............................................................................................................. 28
7.1 PRODUCTION, PLANNING & CONTROL ................................................................. 28
7.2 ADVANCED MANUFACTURING FACILITY ............................................................ 28
7.3 WORK ASSEMBLY ....................................................................................................... 35
7.4 TESTING & INSPECTION ............................................................................................ 36
8. DEPARTMENT: P&S (PLANT AND SERVICE) 38
9. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS .................................................................................................. 44
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY

iii

PREFACE

With the great revolution in electronic & communication where innovations are taking at the
blink of eye, it is impossible to keep the pace with the emerging trends. Excellence is an
attitude that whole of human race is born with. It is the environment that makes sure that
whether the result of this attitude is visible or otherwise. A well planned, properly executed
and evaluated industrial training helps a lot in including a professional attitude. It provides a
linkage b/w the student and industry to develop an awareness of industrial approach to
problem solving, based on broad understanding of process and mode of operation of
organization.
During this period, the student gets the real experience for working in the actual industry
environment. Most of the theoretical knowledge that has been gained during the course of
their studies is put to test here. Apart from this the student gets an opportunity to learn the
latest technology, which is immensely helps in them in building their carrier.
I had the opportunity to have a real experience on many ventures, which increased my sphere
of knowledge to great extent. I got a chance to learn many new technologies and was also
interfaced to many instruments.
And all this credit goes to organization Bharat Electronics Ltd.











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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly indebted to BEL Panchkula, one of the leading organizations of our nation. For
letting me undertake six week training course with them. It was really a nice experience as we
come to know how actually the company strives hard to keep the national security as pa with
the rest of world. I would like to express my gratitude towards Mr. Dinesh Kumar Dhiman
(Manager HRD) who allowed us to join BEL as a trainee, and helped us in every possible way
so that we could complete our training successfully. I also very thankful to Mr. AnishChauhan
(Senior Engineer Assistance, S.E.A.), Mr. R. Sharma (Dy. Engineer), Mr. TejpalJohar (Sr.
Superident), to support us whenever we needed help at every point of our training.
I am also very grateful to the staff members of P&S department to provide a great knowledge
of practical work with safety and dedication.
Last but not least I would like to thank all the staff members of BEL, who made this training a
rich experience and success.

Sitender Mohan Dev
UPT No. 6206/1

1

INTRODUCTION
BHARAT ELECTRONICS LIMITED AT A GALANCE:
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is a Government of India undertaking set up under
the ministry of defence. BEL was established in 1954 in Bangalore, primarily to meet
strategic defenceelectronics needs of country.It is owned by the Indian Government &
primarily manufactures advanced electronic products for the Indian Armed
Forces.BEL is one of the eight PSUs under Ministry of Defence, Government Of
India. It has even earned the government's Navratna status.

Since its inception, BEL has been noted for its pioneering achievements in the
manufacture of professional Electronics Equipment and systems& Electronic
Components. Evolving out of a work culture with continuous emphasis on Quality,
the Companys growth into a multi-technology, multi-unit enterprise amply
demonstrates its leadership and expertise.
With the nine manufacturing unite located in Bangalore, Ghaziabad, Panchkula,
Kothwara, Pune, Navi Mumbai, Hydrabad, Chennai and Machilipatnam. Bharat
Electronics commands a strong presence in practically every vital area of professional
electronics in the country.
Bharat Electronics has been awarded the coveted ISO 9000 certification, the
benchmark if international quality.
BELs philosophy is epitomized on its motto Quality, Technology, Innovation.
With-in house R&D and state of art manufacturing facility, BEL manufactures a wide
range encompass Semiconductor Devices, Professional Vacuum Tubes, Crystal
Devices, Solar Cell and Systems.
Almost all components manufactured by Bharat Electronics conform to international
specifications. The component part numbers are equivalent to and application
compatible with international part numbers.


2

CORPORATE MOTTO, MISSION AND OBJECTIVES

The passionate pursuit of excellence at BEL is reflected in repulsion with its
customers that can be described in its motto, mission and objectives:
Corporate Motto: Quality, Technology and Innovation
Corporate Mission:To be the market leader in DefenceElectronics
and in other chosen fields and products.
Corporate Objectives:
(a) To become a customer-driven company supplying quality products at
competitive prices at the expected time and providing excellent customer support.

(b) To achieve growth in the operations commensurate with the growth of
professional electronics industry in the country.

(c) To generate internal resources for financing the investments required for
modernization, expansion and growth for ensuring a fair return to the investor.

(d) In order to meet the Nation's strategic needs, to strive for self-reliance by
indigenization of materials and components.

(e) To retain the technological leadership of the company in Defence and other
chosen fields of electronics through in-house.

(f) Research and Development as well as through collaboration/co-operation with
Defence/National Research Laboratories, International Companies, Universities and
Academic institutions.

(g) To progressively increase overseas sales of its products and services.

(h) To create an organizational culture this encourages members of the
organization to realize their full potential through continuous learning on the job and
through other HRD initiatives.


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Quality Policy:
BEL is committed to consistently deliver enhanced value to our customers,
through continual improvement of our products and processes.

Quality Objectives:
(a) Effective and Efficient design and development process, considering the
present and future needs of customers.

(b) Enhanced customer satisfaction by on-time delivery of defect free products
and effective life cycle support.

(c) Continual upgradation and utilization of infrastructure and human resources.

(d) Mutually beneficial alliances with suppliers.

e) Continual improvement of processes through innovation, technology and
knowledge management.

The management of BEL is convinced of the need for Quality Enhancement,
on a continuous basis, in the company. Need was felt to impart Education / Training
to all the officers on the various facets of quality management. Accordingly, an
institute called Bharat Electronics Quality Institute (BEQI) was established in 1999.
Bharat Electronics Ltd., (BEL), a premier Professional Electronics Company
of India, has established and nurtured a strong in-house R&D base over the years to
emerge and remain as a market leader in the chosen areas of business in professional
electronics. Each of the nine manufacturing units of BEL is having its own in-house
R&D Division to develop new products in its field of operations.
Besides, there are two Central Research Laboratories (CRL) located at Bangalore and
Ghaziabad, to address futuristic technologies of interest to BEL.



4

HISTORY

Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is a state-owned electronics company with about
ninefactories, and few regional offices in India. It is owned by the Indian Government
& primarily manufactures advanced electronic products for the Indian Armed
Forces.BEL is one of the eight PSUs under Ministry of Defence, Government of
India. It has even earned the government's Navratna status.

Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) was set up at Bangalore, India, by the Government
of India under the Ministry of Defence in 1954 to meet the specialized electronic
needs of the Indian Defence Services. Over the years, it has grown into a multi-
product, multi-technology, multi-unit company serving the needs of customers in
diverse fields in India and abroad. BEL is among an elite group of public sector
undertakings which have been conferred the Navratna status by the Government of
India.

The growth and diversification of BEL over the years mirrors the advances in the
electronics technology, with which BEL has kept pace. Starting with the manufacture
of a few communicationequipments in 1956, BEL went on to produce Receiving
Valves in 1961, Germanium Semiconductors in 1962 and Radio Transmitters for AIR
in 1964. In 1966, BEL set up a Radar manufacturing facility for the Army and in-
house R&D, which has been nurtured over the years. Manufacture of Transmitting
Tubes, Silicon Devices and Integrated Circuits started in 1967. The PCB
manufacturing facility was established in 1968. In 1970, manufacture of Black &
White TV Picture Tube, X-ray Tube and Microwave Tubes started. The following
year, facilities for manufacture of Integrated Circuits and Hybrid Micro Circuits were
set up. 1972 saw BEL manufacturing TV Transmitters for Doordarshan. The
following year, manufacture of Frigate Radars for the Navy began. Under the
government's policy of decentralization and due to strategic reasons, BEL ventured to
set up new Units at various places. The second Unit of BEL was set up at Ghaziabad
in 1974 to manufacture Radars and Tropo communication equipment for the Indian
Air Force.


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The third Unit was established at Pune in 1979 to manufacture Image Converter and
Image Intensifier Tubes. In 1980, BEL's first overseas office was set up at New York
for procurement of components and materials.

In 1981, a manufacturing facility for Magnesium Manganese Dioxide batteries was
set up at the Pune Unit. The Space Electronic Division was set up at Bangalore to
support the satellite programme in 1982. The same year saw BEL achieve a turnover
of Rs.100 crores. In 1983, an ailing Andhra Scientific Company (ASCO) was taken
over by BEL as the fourth manufacturing Unit at Machilipatnam. In 1985, the fifth
Unit was set up in Chennai for supply of Tank Electronics, with proximity to HVF,
Avadi. The sixth Unit was set up at Panchkula the same year to manufacture Military
Communication equipment. 1985 also saw BEL manufacturing on a large scale Low
Power TV Transmitters and TVROs for the expansion of Doordarshan's coverage.

1986 witnessed the setting up of the seventh Unit at Kotdwara to manufacture
Switching Equipment, the eighth Unit to manufacture TV Glass Shell at Taloja (Navi
Mumbai) and the ninth Unit at Hyderabad to manufacture Electronic Warfare
Equipment. In 1987, a separate Naval Equipment Division was set up at Bangalore to
give greater focus to Naval projects. The first Central Research Laboratory was
established at Bangalore in 1988 to focus on futuristic R&D. 1989 saw the
manufacture of Telecom Switching and Transmission Systems as also the setting up
of the Mass Manufacturing Facility in Bangalore and the manufacture of the first
batch of 75,000 Electronic Voting Machines.

The agreement for setting up BEL's first Joint Venture Company, BE DELFT, with
M/s Delft of Holland was signed in 1990. Recently this became a subsidiary of BEL
with the exit of the foreign partner and has been renamed BEL Optronic Devices
Limited. The second Central Research Laboratory was established at Ghaziabad in
1992. The first disinvestment (20%) and listing of the Company's shares in Bangalore
and Mumbai Stock Exchanges took place the same year. BEL Units obtained ISO
9000 certification in 1993-94. The second disinvestment (4.14%) took place in 1994.
In 1996, BEL achieved Rs.1,000crores turnover.



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In 1997, GE BEL, the Joint Venture Company with M/s GE, USA, was formed. In
1998, BEL set up its second overseas office at Singapore to source components from
South East Asia. The year 2000 saw the Bangalore Unit, which had grown very large,
being reorganized into Strategic Business Units (SBUs). There are seven SBUs in
Bangalore Unit. The same year, BEL shares were listed in the National Stock
Exchange. In 2002, BEL became the first defence PSU to get operational Mini Ratna
Category I status. In June 2007, BEL was conferred the prestigious Navratna status
based on its consistent performance.




















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MANUFACTURING UNITS

BEL has a total of nine manufacturing complexes spread throughout the nation with
Bangalore being the biggest of them. The details about the different manufacturing
units of BEL along with their product specialties are as follows:-

Sr. No. COMPLEX STATE
1. Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh
2. Panchkula Haryana
3. NaviMumabi Maharashtra
4. Kotdwara Uttaranchal
5. Pune Maharashtra
6. Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh
7. Banglore Karnatka
8. Machlipatnam Andhra Pradesh
9. Chennai Tamilnadu

















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In 1954 with a factory of Jallahali, Bharat Electronics grew into nine units, spread all
over India. The locations & products of the units are given below:-

1. BANGALORE: This is also called BG Complex. Jallahali unit which is the
mother unitis now a part of the BG Complex. This is the biggest unit with
approx. 10,000 employees working here. Among the products here, the important
ones are:

Communication equipment
Air &Doordarshan equipment like mobile van for live telecast etc.
Radar-mobile, one dimensional, 3-dimensional & multi-dimensional
Radars are
manufactured here. Different range of semi-conductor devices like ICs.
Resistors & black & white color TV picture tube glasses.
ISROs requirements are met at space electronics department at Bangalore.
Satellite launch vehicle was also manufactured here.

2. GHAZIABAD: This is the second unit which was set up in 1974, & approx.
2500employees working here. Radars & some communication equipment are The
products manufactured here are:

Radars
SATCOM
Microwave components

3. PUNE: To diversify further one more branch was added 1979 & this was in Pune.
In
this branch around 700-800 employees are working. The product profile includes:

Image convertor, image intensifier,
X-ray tubes
Batteries
Electro-optics

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4. MACHLIPATNAM: There was one Andhra scientific company, which was a
sick unit.
This was taken over by BEL & is called ASCO unit in 1983.
The products include:
Optical & optoelectronic equipment like binoculars, microscopes
Medical Electronics

5. NAVI MUMBAI: This is an industrial place near Mumbai. This unit makes:

Glass shells for black & white TV picture tubes
Shelters for Electronic Equipment
Train Actuated Warning System
Electronic Equipment Assembly

6. PANCHKULA: Panchkula&Kotdwara were proposed simultaneously by
theGovernment in 1985. It was proposed to set up one unit each in Haryana &
Uttar-Pradesh. But the place in U.P. for setting up a BEL unit could not be
decided while that at Haryana was decided & hence this unit started earlier. This
unit manufactures only tactical communication equipment like VHF, UHF
transceivers etc.

7. KOTDWARA: This is a unit in Garhwal district of Uttaranchal. This unit
manufacturesradio relay, multiplex equipments& exchanges etc.

8. CHENNAI: The eight unit of BEL was established in Chennai. This unit
manufactures:

Tank related electronic equipments
Optical fire control systems

9. HYDERABAD: This is another unit of BEL which manufactures electronic
warfareequipments.

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PRODUCTS & MARKET OF BEL

Bharat Electronics Limited is a major supplier of products and turnkey systems to
the Indian Defence Services. Over the years, BEL has diversified into manufacturing
many civilian products as well. Large turnkey telecommunication solutions are also
being offered to civilian market. BEL has been involved in providing state-of-the-art
communication equipment to the Indian Army, be it hand held mobile radios and
terminals, ground based systems, airborne and even ship borne equipment and
systems. The communication equipment developed here cover HF, VHF, UHF, and
V/UHF frequency bands. The most important project of BEL under the
communication equipment is STARS-V which provides secure mode of data
transfer. In STARS-V, the data to be transferred is first encrypted using a
microprocessor which could be read only by a similar device with same coding.
Now the latest technology of frequency hopping is being implemented which is a
very useful tool in making a secure data transfer system. BEL manufactures a lot of
product which is very difficult to list but some of the major products were as
follows:


Integrated circuits and micro circuits Radars
X-ray tubes and magnetrons STARS-V
HF & broadcast equipment SECTEL
ACME MK II CNR
SPACE GUIDING EQUIPMENTS HUD
AIRBORNE GPS RECEIVER (UA-429) LUP
SRAX TIDEX
SECURE TELEPHONE SECURE FAX













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DOMESTIC MARKET
Sr. No. PRODUCT CUSTOMER
1. Defence Communication Indian Defence Services , Para -Military Forces
2. Radars & Sonars Indian Defence Services, Civil Aviation,
Meteorological Department, ISRO
3. Telecommunication Department of Telecommunication, Para- military
forces, Power Sector, Oil Industry, Railways
4. Broadcasting Equipment All India Radio, Doordarshan, (National Radio & TV
and Studio Systems Broadcasters)
5. Electronic Voting Machine Election Commission Of India
6. Solar Products & Systems Individuals, Private and Government
Organizations
7. Turnkey Systems, E- Police, State Governments, Public Sector
Governance Undertakings
Networks
8. Components All India Radio and Doordarshan the National
Radio & TV Broadcasters, Instrumentation
Industry, Switching Industry, Entertainment
Industry, Telephone Industry.








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Exports play a key role in BEL's strategic perspective. A number of International
companies are using the facilities at BEL for contract Manufacturing.. The broad list
of products and services being exported is given below:

EXPORTS/INTERNATIONAL MARKET
Sr. No. PRODUCT CUSTOMER
1. Defence Communication Botswana, Indonesia, Suriname,
equipment Malaysia
and spare parts
2. Radars & Sub-systems Indonesia, Egypt, Switzerland
3. Electronic Warfare products Russia, Brazil
and
services
4. Opto-electronics products Sri Lanka, Nepal, Israel, South Africa
5. Semiconductor devices, Malaysia, Singapore, Turkey,
Microwave Netherlands, UK, USA, France, Hong
Tubes and Transmitting Kong
Tubes
6. Solar Products & Systems Suriname, Germany, Zimbabwe,
Botswana, Kenya, Nigeria
7. Telecom and SATCOM Nigeria, Kenya
systems
8. Radio & TV Broadcasting Nepal, Mauritius
products
and Systems
9. Electronic Voting Systems Sri Lanka, Uganda, Malawi, South
Africa
10. Vacuum Interrupters Malaysia, UAE, Uganda, Turkey, UK,
Azerbaijan



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BEL PANCHKULA & ITS PRODUCTS
Panchkula is a planned city in Panchkula District, Haryana, India. It is a satellite city
of the Union Territory of Chandigarh. The prestigious Chandimandir Cantonment
Headquarters of the Indian Western Command, is also located in Panchkula city.
There are five towns in the district named Panchkula,BarwalaPinjore, Kalka and
Raipur Rani. The only Hill station in Haryana called Morni is also in this District. The
estimated population of Panchkula city, in 2006, is 2,00,000. Panchkula and Mohali
(in Punjab) are two satellite cities of Chandigarh. These three cities are collectively
known as Chandigarh Tricity. The complex at Panchkula is spread over an area of 63
acres. It has a total employee strength of 600. It specialises in defence communication
products and has recently started the manufacturing of RADARs also.

Following are some of the important products manufactured by BEL Panchkula:

1. Electronic Voting Machines

The world's largest democracy with 671 million voters went to polls in April - May
2004 and elected a Government of their choice using the most powerful means of
decision making in the world, The Electronic Voting Machine (EVM). Exclusive use
of EVMs across the length and breadth of a huge country like India came off
splendidly and the unparalleled success of this bold and progressive experiment
demonstrated to the rest of the world, the country's technological as well as grassroots
democratic capabilities. About half a million of the EVMs deployed in these elections
were designed, manufactured and delivered by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), a
Public Sector Enterprise of the Government of India. Today, the Electronic Voting
Machines have made an easy passage to India's hundreds of thousands of villages.
There is widespread awareness of its reliability and adaptability, so also the political
recognition. All these have been achieved through a series of meticulously planned
events like exhaustive training to the polling officials, mass awareness programmes to
educate voters, especially the overwhelming majority of those who live in the remote
villages of India, etc. Technical experts from Bharat Electronics Ltd. worked
untiringly alongside the Indian Election Commission officials offering support and

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assistance for these activities and also during the elections, ensuring that the whole
process succeeded and it is remarkable that there have been no problems with the
machines worth speaking about.

The 2004 general elections in India, where millions of voters cast their votes through
the electronic voting machines and the results of which were declared in one single
day, was indeed a landmark success for the application of technology for sustained
development of society.













2. STARS-V (Secure Tactical Army Radio System):

STARS-V (Secure Tactical Army Radio System - VHF) is a family of fixed
frequency and frequency hopping radio sets available in 5W and 25W power output
configurations. The radios provide communication in voice clear, voice secure and
data modes. They can be controlled from a remote location upto 2 km. All front panel
controls (except ON/OFF) are extended using 2 wire cables to a Remote Control Unit
(RCU) at the remote location. Intercom operation between radio set and RCU is also
provided. The radio set can be configured for fully automatic rebroadcast operation. It
is also possible to setup rebroadcast over two wires for voice clear mode only.
External data interface is provided on the front panel to facilitate data communication
with suitable modem. The radios are fully modular in construction. They are designed

15

to perform in conformance to MIL 461class of EMI/EMC specifications. STARS-V
radios find use in Manpack as well as vehicular applications for providing voice and
data communications in VHF frequency range of 30-88MHz












There are two types of STARS-V:-

1. MARKI:-
This is the first stage of STARS-V .This set is heavy and the if any need repair then
difficulty to find out the fault .And the major difference is frequency hopping is not
possible. There are two power modes 5W, 25W and the frequency range only used by
army is (30-87.97MHz)

2. MARKII:-
This is the modified stage of the MARK-I. It is light in weight then the MARK-I. And
the major difference is frequency hopping is possible.

3. CNR (Composite Net Radio)

VHF Transrecievers (CNR) is a software controlled frequency hopping radio
(Transmitter and Receiver)in the VHF frequency band of 30 88MHz the design of
the radio is based on Digital Signal Processor (DSP) technology making use of Direct
Digital Frequency Synthesis (DDFX). The radio works in Anti-jam frequency

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hopping and fixed frequency modes with built-in high grade digital secrecy. Theradio
supports both Voice and Data communication in clear as well as secure mode.

VHF frequency range of 30 - 88 MHz
2320 channels with 25 KHz spacing
1W/2W/5W/25W power outputs
Different models 250 hops per sec
Specifications Manpack / Vehicular roles

Radio is based on DSP technology Frequency range of 30-88 MHz with 25 KHz
channel spacing Supports 2320 channels with 10 preset channels and 10 hop sets Scan
and BITE facility Automatic re-broadcast facility Direct serial data interface (RS-
232C)Modular construction.













4. SECTEL (Secure Telephone)

Secure Telephone is a compact, full duplex digital Subscriber End Secrecy Device
(SESD) providing highest grade of secrecy on normal telephone lines. It replaces
subscribers normal telephone instruments. It can operate over any standard voice
channel of telephone networks like DOT hired mi l trunk single link circuits and STD
channels. It operates from 230 V AC mains using AC-DC adapter. Key management

17

is supported by Fill gun. Speech is digitized using Linear Predictive Coding(LPC)
technique and digitally encrypted by a highly complex crypto algorithm which
ensures highest grade of secrecy. The encrypted speech is transmitted over the
telephone line using a Full Duplex QAS modem. At the receiver end, the encrypted
data stream is demodulated decrypted and the original speech is synthesized. The user
can switch between clear and secure mode during the same call.
















5. SECURE UHF HANDHELD RADIO (LUP 291)

High-grade speech secrecy Full duplex transmission in Secure and Clear mode Data
rate 2.4 kbps full duplex Memory dialling of 10 stored numbers Multifunction keypad
for different functions Simple connectivity over standard two wire telephone lines 2 x
16 character LCD display to show the status LUP 291 is a UHF hand held radio with
inbuilt high grade digital secrecy. The radio set is state of the art design, compact
and light weight. Interface is provided for Headgear and Crypto key loading .The
operator interface is user friendly with minimum number of controls. The radio set is
provided with helical and magnetic mount antennas. The radio set has in-built mic and
speaker. VOX headgear is also available as optional accessory for hands free

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operation. Continuous Tone coded squelches (CTCSS) RF Power Output: 5W /1 W
(selectable). Various programmable features like Scan, CTCSS frequency selection,
Power Save, Password etc. Inbuilt Powerful Diagnosis feature (BITE) TX Inhibit
(Sulk ) , Clone , Erase and Whisper facilities7.2 V Primary & Secondary batteries
Antennas : Helical and magnetic mount Complaint to MIL 461 EMI.



















6. SEED (Subscriber End Encryption Device)

It is compact, full duplex secrecy deice. Description: 1) SEED Processor card
PRGMD
Power supply card
Battery charger
Front Panel Card
Application:
1) Execute the application file provided for data communication.
2) Secret comport on which the SEED connected to the pc and the main
menu will be displayed.

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3) Go to telephone dairy.
4) To transmit a file, go to transmit file menu.

7. SMILE (Secure Multi Interface Link Encrypter)

It is a bulk data traffic and radio relay with variable data rates of 64, 128, 256, 384,
512, 1024, 2048 kbps.

Description:-
1) Mother fillgun
2) Child fillgun

Various card consist of SMILE:
1) PRGMD controller card
2) PSU-card
3) Front panel card
4) V.35 male interface card
5) V.35 female interface card

8. HUD (Head up display)

The projection unit in a typical HUD is an optical collimator setup: A convex lens or
concave mirror with a Cathode Ray Tube, light emitting diode, or liquid crystal
display at its focus. This setup (a design that has been around since the invention of
the reflector sight in 1900) produces an image where the light is parallel i.e. perceived
to be at infinity. The combiner is typically an angled flat piece of glass (a beam
splitter) located directly in front of the viewer, which redirects the projected image
from projector in such a way as to see the field of view and the projected infinity
image at the same time.

20

Combiners may have special coatings that reflect the monochromatic light projected
onto it from the projector unit while allowing all other wavelengths of light to pass
through. In some optical layouts combiners may also have a curved surface to refocus
the image from the projector. The computer provides the interface between the HUD
(i.e. the projection unit and the systems/data to be displayed and generates the
imagery and symbols to be displayed by the projection unit.

Generations HUDs are split into four generations reflecting the
technology used to generate the images.

First GenerationUse a CRT to generate an image on a phosphor screen,
having the disadvantage of the phosphor screen coating degrading over time.
The majority of HUDs in operation today are of this type.

21


Second GenerationUse a solid state light source, for example LED, which is
modulated by an LCD screen to display an image. These systems do not fade
or require the high voltages of first generation systems. These systems are on
commercial aircraft.

Third GenerationUse optical waveguides to produce images directly in the
combiner rather than use a projection system.

Fourth GenerationUse a scanning laser to display images and even video
imagery on a clear transparent medium. Newer micro-display imaging
technologies are being introduced including

1. Liquid crystal display (LCD),
2. Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS),
3. Digital micro-mirrors (DMD),
4. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED).

9. BHARANI RADAR

Low level Light Weight 2D Radar - BHARANI: is a light weight, battery powered
andcompact sensor which provides 2D surveillance solution to alert Army Air
Defence Weapon Systems mainly in mountainous terrain against hostile aerial targets
like UAVs, RPVs, helicopters and fixed wing aircraft flying at low and medium
altitudes. The radar can be transported by vehicles, animal transport or group of men
or as helislung loads. It can be dismantled into packages to facilitate quick installation
and re-location in mountainous terrain. It will act as an early warner to air defence
weapon systems employed to provide protection to vulnerable areas or vulnerable
points.

The system consists of radar, Commander Display Unit (CDU) and messaging unit
Target Designation Unit (TDU) and Target Data Receivers (TDR). One radar can
service upto 10 TDRs using existing combat radio resources/ network. The CDU can

22

be located upto 750m from the radar. The radar with modular architecture, advanced
ECCM features, ruggedness as per Mil standards can be operated in varied conditions
including extreme climatic and geographical conditions and in battle field situations,
especially offensive EW environment. The radar detects and tracks short range air-to-
ground threats with a high probability of detection. The radar has an integrated IFF
that can detect, confirm, classify and attain IFF status on every target in the battle
space under surveillance.









It has a range of 50 KMs and can operate at an altitude of 75 mtrs to 5400 mtrs. It
operates in L band.

10. ROHINI RADAR

Low level Light Weight 3D Radar - ROHINI: ROHINI is a multifaceted ground
basedS-Band 3D Low Level Light Weight Surveillance Radar for deployment in
diverse terrains like plains, deserts, mountain tops and high altitude regions. Rohini
detects and tracks heterogeneous air targets, including helicopters, fighters and UAVs
at low and medium altitudes. The radar can scan the valley. It provides accurate
range, azimuth and height information for each target with electronically steerable
multi-beam technology in elevation. The radar sweeps 360 in azimuth and 30 in
elevation to provide air space awareness. Semi-distributed active aperture radar uses
advanced VLSI and high-speed digital technologies like high efficiency T/R modules,
DDS, digital receiver and programmable signal processor to provide 3D air space
awareness with high accuracy, resolution and reliability.


23

















As all the main radar subsystems are on the rotating platform, this radar architecture
obviates the two most common single point failures by dispensing with high power
rotary joints and central transmitter; thereby making the radar system extremely
reliable. The radar is easily re-locatable and can be deployed or decamped in less than
15 minutes. The radar is engineered in multiple packages to enable easy
transportability in mountainous terrain by vehicles, group of men, or as an under
slung carriage by a helicopter. The remote operation of the radar through
Commander's Display Unit (CDU) upto 1 km from the radar provides safety to the
crew during operation. The facility also enables the Commander to deploy the radar at
a tactically favourable point. The quadri pod-mounted radar is built to operate in
networked or stand-alone mode to support joint or independent operations by Air
Force. Multi ECCM features help the radar to deliver intended performance even
under intense hostile EM environment. Rohini being compact, lightweight and
modular, can be used in different innovative roles like air space surveillance in urban
areas for VVIPs, large critical installations.



24

DEPARTMENTS & FUNCTIONS

BEL Panchkula has different divisions which are further divided into departments-

1. D&E (Development and Engineering)

This is a division which is further divided into departments. They are:
D&E (DEVELOPMENT & ENGINEERING) It is to design the project,
make the modifications to prepare design and related documents.
D&E CRYPTO It is for designing of secure communication.
TIC (Technical Information Centre) TIC is a library for designing
purpose.
DRA OFFICE - It is the Drawing office.
STDS (STANDARDS) These are the standards for Drafting, Design
manure, Quality standards.

2. MFG (MANUFACTURING):

WA (WORK ASSEMBLY) There are different types of work assembly
i.e PCB assembly, Module assembly, Final assembly.
WF (WORK FABRICATION) It is the department for the mechanical
work.
AMF (ADVANCED MANUFACTURING FACILITIES) Advanced
machines are used in the manufacturing of the projects as SMT (Surface
Mounted Technology), it is an automatic system to mount the item on the
PCB.
PE (PRODUCTION ENGINEERING) It is for the installation of the
new machinery.
PPC (PRODUCTION, PLANNING and CONTROL) In this the work is
planned.
SC (SUB CONTRACT)


25

3. MM (MATERIAL MANAGEMENT):

It is the management of the materials.
PUR (PURCHASE DEPARTMENT) - This department purchases the
materials.
ISM (INTEGRATED STORE MANAGEMENT)
HS (HOLDING STORE) It has different bins that holds items after
inspection.
IGS (INCOMING GOODS STORE)
MC (MATERIAL CONTROL)

4. MKTG / PA (MARKETING / PRODUCT ASSURANCE):

MKTG (Marketing Division)
Sales It is to prepare ESO equipment source order.
FGS (FINISH GOODS STORE) After finishing the project it is sent to
FGS for final packing.
TL (Technical Literature) It is the booklet with the project having
instructions.
PR (PUBLIC RELATION) It is the relation with the customers.
TESTING Products are tested by different tests
C TEST (CIPHER TEST) - It is the test for the secrecy.
PS (PRODUCT SUPPORT) It is done after sale services.
SELF CERT (SELF CERTIFICATION) It is the department which
visits the place where work is going on.

5. QA (QUALITY ASSURANCE):
It deals with the quality of the material.
INSP(WA) {INSPECTION IN WORK ASSEMBLY)
INSP(WF) {INSPECTION IN WORK FABRICATION)
R&E (RELIABILITY & EVALUATION) - The materials are checked
before giving it to customers.

26

6. P&S (PLANT AND SERVICES):

It is the department for providing the services to company. Services are water supply,
electrical supply, transport, horticulture.

7. HR & A (HUMAN RESOURCES & ADMINISTRATION):

PERSON. (PERSONNEL) In this department the recruitment of employees
is done.
ESTD. (ESTABLISHMENT) It is to use manpower in different areas.
MEDICAL Medical facilities are also available.
CRECHE
CANTEEN
WELFARE

8. F&A (FINANCE & ACCOUNT):

FINANCE - Department for the sanction of money.
PAYROLL It is the salary of the employees.
BUDGET It is made for one year.
ACCOUNTS It is the record of the money.
AUDIT Survey of the systems.

9. IS / MS (INFORMATION SYSTEMS):

MRP - All Production Related work related to assy,stores, purchase etc.
PAYROLL - Related to Salary.
FINANCE - Concerned with ledgers, sub-sidary ledgers, General ledger etc.

10. QM (QUALITY MANAGEMENT):
ISO (INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANISATION) It is to sell our
products in the international market.

27

6 SIGMA It is the statistical Technique for maintaining Quality.
TES (TEST EQUIPMENT AND SUPPORT) Calibration or measuring of
instruments.
IGI (INCOMING GOODS INSPECTION)
QCC (QUALITY CONTROL CIRCLE) In this department there is a group
of employees who discuss the problems, find out its solution and present it to
manager.












28

SUB DEPARTMENTS

1. PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL

This sub-department forms the most important section among the others present
because it forms the backbone. Right from the beginning till the end of the
production of a particular set, the responsibility lies in the hands of this section, it
mainly performs three functions namely:-
Scheduling
Launching
Control

The market section takes the order from the customer and gives the equipment stock
order to PPC. The management servicing department prepares the work order and
gives it to PPC. Now PPC makes the list of each component involved in product. This
is called Scheduling.

Next function that comes is launched PPC prepares shop order and engineering
documents such as drawings. This function is called Launching.

Now we have material control. Here the PPC keeps track of production i.e. the
purchase requisition is given to purchase department and sub-contact department. The
purchase now comes to the IGS (Inwards Goods Section) where it is tested in IGI.
The pieces that are okayed are then stored in holding stores.

2. ASSEMBLY SECTION /AMF (Advanced Manufacturing
Facility)
As the name suggests, in this department all the components are mounted on PCBs.
These PCBs are then sat properly in the complete set. It is one of the most important
and technologically advanced departments at BEL Panchkula.It is divided into three
sections:-

29

PCB assembly section
Coil winding section
Final assembly section

First we will discuss in detail about the AMF section which uses the surface mounting
technology to mount components on the PCBs a detailed structure of the complete
AMF line is explained as follows:

THE SMT LINE

The various stages involved in the SMT in sequence are called the SMT line.
The stages involved are:

SURFACE
MOUNT
TECHNOLOGY

Surface-mount
technology was
developed in the
1960s and became
widely used in the
late 1980s. Much of
the pioneering work in this technology was by IBM. The design approach first
demonstrated by IBM in 1960 in a small-scale computer was later applied in the
Launch Vehicle Digital Computer used in the Instrument Unit that guided all Saturn
IB and Saturn V vehicles. Components were mechanically redesigned to have small
metal tabs or end caps that could be directly soldered to the surface of the PCB.
Components became much smaller and component placement on both sides of a board
became far more common with surface mounting than through-hole mounting,
allowing much higher circuit densities. Often only the solder joints hold the parts to
the board, although parts on the bottom or "second" side of the board are temporarily
secured with a dot of adhesive as well. Surface-mounted devices (SMDs) are usually

30

made physically small and lightweight for this reason. Surface mounting lends itself
well to a high degree of automation, reducing labour cost and greatly increasing
production rates. SMDs can be one-quarter to one-tenth the size and weight, and one-
half to one-quarter the cost of equivalent through-hole parts.

Expanded Forms

SMD Surface-mount devices (active, passive and electromechanical
components) SMT Surface-mount technology (assembling and
mounting technology)
SMA Surface-mount assembly (module assembled
with SMT) SMC Surface-mount components
(components for SMT)
SMP Surface-mount packages (SMD case forms)
SME Surface-mount equipment (SMT assembling machines)

I. Loader

MODEL: L-SIZE MAKE: AUTOVEYOR

Loader as the name suggest load the pcb on which component are to be mounted.
This is the first step of SMT line It has five magazine to load pcb and each magazine
has a maximum capacity of 50 pcb. The height is 930 mm from the ground.











31

II. Stencil Printer

Make: DEK Model: ELA-VI
Huge print area capability

The huge print area capability allows printing up to 1200mm x 400mm. It accepts
standard SMT frame sizes from 350 x 350 mm to 1480 x 500 mm (for SP1200), or
350 x 350 mm to 736x 736 mm (for SP600L).

Vertical Separation of Stencil from PCB

4 corner ball screw system provides excellent separation control of stencil for high
quality solder paste printing Programmable Speed Control for both squeegee
movement and stencil separation Dual Camera system for quick PCB alignment.









32

III. Pick and place machine

Make: siemens
Model: SIPLACE-HF

Component handling capacity:
Flip chip, BGA, -BGA, MELF, mini MELF, CPS Fine pitch component up
to 12 MIL

Heads: Hydra Head (8 Nozzles) more speed
Midas Head (1-Master Head) more accurate.

Chip component=24000 CPH
Fine pitch component=3500 CPH

Placement accuracy: 45m at 6-sigma fine pitch component


















33

IV .Reflow soldering machine

Make: SEHO (Germany)
Model: MAXI POWER2.7

Reflow oven is that part of SMT process where all solder paste is re-heated and
components are assumed to be properly connected. In this process the PCB is passed
through different temperature.

Number of heating zone is six Active cooling module
Flux manufacturing system All convection heating type Double peak in
reflow zone

V. Automatic optical inspection

Make:
AGILENT
Model: SJ50-
SERIES II

PCB is inspected carefully for their components. Due to small size of components
SMT board requires very careful inspection particularly for solder ball, improperly
soldered joints and missed solder connections, etc. Some components are specially
difficult to inspect like quad

PLCCs (Plastic Loaded Chip Carrier) i.e. IC having J profile pins along each four
sides and it has more than 28 pins.

Optical character recognition (OCR)
Optical character verification (OCV)





34

















VI. Wave Soldering Machine

Wave soldering machine consists of the PCB carrier stand, which can hold 10 PCBs
at a time. This stand moves over the conveyer belt whose speed is 60 80 cm/sec.
The flux used for soldering is Rosion R8. The thinner is added to the flux so as to
make the flux thinner. The next component in this machine is air knife where the
excess flux is removed. Next comes the pre-heater zone. It consists of 6 per-heaters.
The temperature for the first 2 heaters is 100 degree Celsius, for next two pre-heaters
the temperature is 140 degree Celsius, and the temperature for last two chambers is
180 degree Celsius.

The box containing the solder is called the solder bath, which has the capacity of
400kg. The temperature of the solder bath is 250 270 degree Celsius. While the
solder is heated up inside the solder bath, the pump arrangement provides for the hot
solder to flow. The solder nozzle then produces a solder wave. After the solder bath,
the conveyor belt is set on the angle of 4 7 degrees. This machine costs around 30
lakhs. This machine also consists of the sensors which sense the green mask as well as

35

the spot mask on the PCB such that the solder does not stays on it. The waste material
of the machine is known as dross. The solder temperature is continuously controlled
by the PID controller and its thermo couples.















3. WORK ASSEMBLY

It is an important department of the manufacturing division. The assembly of the
different components takes place here to make a complete product. Many of the
accessories related to the products are also manufactured here. Some of them are as
follows:
1. Handsets
2. Data Cables
3. Fill Guns

It is basically divided into two parts wiz:

1. PCB Assembling: in this section PCB are manually assembled and
components are mounted using manual soldering. This is in the case of large
components. There four lines dedicated to this work.

36


2. Integration: in this section the integration of the different components to form
the complete product takes place is also called as final assembly. The works
carried out in this section can be described as follows:-
1. Cable Forming
2. Cable Assembly
3. Modules Assembly
4. Stag Integration
5. Cable Harness
6. Final Integration
7. RF & Data Cables Forming

The devices or products after being dispatched from this section are then forwarded to
the testing section where they are tested for different parameters and finally the
instruments which pass the test are further sent to the other departments. The testing
process is explained in the next section.

4. TESTING & INSPECTION

Testing & Inspection is done in every stage of PCB namely at:
Module stage
Sub-assembly
Final stage

It is done after the environmental testing and before sending for testing. The most
important parameters that are to be followed during the inspection are as follows:-

1) The values of the various components
2) The visible characteristics of various active devices
3) Various interconnections
4) Whether the BEL standards are maintained or not

Testing is very important in the production. In PG-I manufacturing of STARSV is

37

the main job. Testing of STARS-V is done in two main stages only.

PCB level testing
Main testing


PCB level testing takes place in many stages. Firstly, the PCBS are kept in chamber
with a temp. of +50C and -30C. This is done to check the stability of characteristic
of PCB as well as its components. This process is done for approx. 80 hours. This is
called ageing process.

The PCB that passes out of the ageing process are then brought out in the block to put
them through test jigs. These test jigs provide perfect environment In terms of signals
that actual set will face in the field. In testing, product is subjected to adverse
condition to check the reliability of product under condition defence forces will use.

The PCB is sent to assembly section back and they come out clear from test jigs. Now
in assembly section all components are packed finally. These packed sets are now sent
for main testing. The main testing includes many tests. The first test is BUMP TEST.
This is done to check the resistance of set against mechanical bumps and vibrations.

Next is THERMAL SHOCK test to check the adaptability of set to sudden change in
temperature. Thermal shocks are given. The sets are subjected to temp. Range of
40C-70C. LEAKAGE TEST is done to check the set for any leakage. In this the
radio set is immersed in water. The air is filled inside set through a nozzle at a
pressure of 3 PSI. if air bubbles appear , set is sent for repairing. There is a spatial
section in testing by the name CIPHER. Here the encryption part of PCB is enabled
and checked. Entry in this section is strictly restricted for anyone, apart from
authorized personnel.





38

DEPARTMENT: P&S (PLANT AND SERVICE)

BEL-PANCHKULA is provided with 11KV/440V substation for the feeding power
the all production units, administrative block and other parts of the factory.BEL-PKL
has mainly three 2000KVA on-load transformers for stepping down the voltage
levels. The main incoming supply is 11KV will be divided into two feeders to connect
to two transformers through GOS (Gang Operating Switch).The power is received
from the Punjab Electricity Board through 11 KV power line at the main station.













At the substation the power is stepped down to 440V using 11/0.44KV by
using three main step down transformers and one spare step down transformer. The
substation is provided with high tension incremental, minimum oil circuit breaker
LOAD
11KV FROM
ELECTRICITY
BOARD
GOS HORNCAGE
HORNCAGE
2000KVA
TRANSFORMER
2000KVA
TRANSFORMER
R


625KVA
3-
415V
DG SET


625KVA
3-
415V
DG SET
POWERCONTROL CENTRE (PCC)
BUS COUPLER

39

(MOCB). The HT INC switch is to be operated always Off-load. This is operated
when there is some fault in the incoming power line. In case we operate the HT INC
switch ON-load, large amount of sparks will be produced. There are threemain
transformers and a spare transformer at the main station. Out of these main three only
one is used at a time and other two are standby transformer, i.e. it is operated in case
when first transformer does not work properly. Current transformers are used at the
main station for the measurement of power consumption. Lighting arresters are used
at the main station to protect the station and all the electrical equipments from being
damaged. For extra security two different set of lighting arresters are used one above
the other so that station is not damaged at any cost and the excess charge gets
grounded.
1. 2000KVA TRANSFORMERS:
The transformers being used at various sub stations are of rating 2000 KVA,
2666.7A in delta-star connection. ONAN cooling is used. This sub stations provide
power to different divisions of the factory. Like the main station these stations are
also provided with lighting arresters, ACBs, OCBs and gang operated switches.
The transformers are provided with OLTC (On Load Tap Changer).This will
stabilize the voltage to a set point value. The outgoing of the transformers is fed to the
main power control Centre through undergoing cables. Each transformer outgoing is
fed to the PCC (Power Control Centre)
2000 KVA Transformers

40

2. GENERTOR:
A generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electrical generator (often
called an alternator) to generate electrical energy. Generators are machines that are
used to provide electricity during power interruptions. These wondrous machines also
provide electricity on places that has no local utility power. Of the many variants of
generators available in the market these days, the number one choice among
generators is the diesel powered electric generator. Diesel generators use not as much
fuel as other types of generators.
In case of power failure there are four generator out of which three generators
DG1, DG2 and DG3 are main generators and DG4 is used for AMF section in
emergency.These generators can supply the power to production divisions and some
other important sections.
These generators are air starting type and need a pressure for starting. Each
generator is having 12 cylinders. These are of capacity 625 KV and each generator
generates 400 V at 50 Hz.
The substation has 3 phase transformers. The rating features are given below:
1. 2000KVA
2. Delta-Star Connected
3. 11KV/415V
4. 2666.7 A
5. ONAN Cooling in used.
6. Core and winding wt. 2700kg
7. Oil 2230kg/2550 lt.

The generator section has engine having 12 cylinders. The engine is VTA 1710 Model
(V- V type; T- Turbo Charge; A- After Cooling) and it has 1500 RPM and 500 KVA.
The company has a Power Control Center (PCC) for the distribution of power
throughout the plant. If there is any failure of supply the plant itself consists of a
750KVA DG-set.



41

3. POWER CONTROL CENTRE(PCC):

The power from main PCC will be distributed to all departments through outgoing
MCCBs and ACBs at the load ends each department is provided with small power
control panel to fed power to the individualloads like machines. The capacity of the
individual panels will be depends on the load in that particular area.
The power control centre is divided into two bus bars.
1. Top bus
2. Bottom bus
The outgoing of two 2000KVA transformers are directly and individually connected
to Top and Bottom bus bars through EDO (ELECTRICALLY DRAW OUTLINE)
type Air circuit Breakers. The top and bottom bus bars are in isolation through a bus
coupler.

BUSCOUPLER- Bus Coupler is provided for emergency conditions in case
1. If any problem has come is one of main transformers
2. If any problem with undergoing cables of any feeder
3. If any problem with any of incoming ACB









1600A ACB 630A MCCB

And the power from main PCC will be distributed to all departments through
outgoing MCCBs and ACBs. At the load ends each department is provided with small
power control panel to fed power to the individual loads like machines. The capacity
of the individual panels will be depends on the load in that particular area.

42

4. ENERGY MANAGEMENT:

Apart from this, the company adopts the concepts called Energy Conservation &
Energy Efficiency. Energy saving is environmental friendly and helps us to make our
surroundings clean and green.
Importance of energy management lies in the fact that it ensures provision of same
level of energy using fewer amounts of fossil fuels. Owing the increasing demand and
limited availability of fossil fuels, the importance of energy management has been
realized all over the world. All of us are familiar with the terms energy efficiency &
energy management. These two place very important role in energy saving.

Energy Efficiency:

Energy efficiency essentially implies use of latest technology that assures production
of same level of output using significantly less amount of energy. An ideal example of
an energy-efficient appliance is compact fluorescent light bulb. Requirement of
energy is much less for this type of bulb compared to that of incandescent bulb.
However, light output is same for both.

We all know the importance of power factor. Power Factor is a measure of how
efficiently electrical power is consumed. In the ideal world Power Factor would be
unity. Unfortunately in the real world Power Factor is reduced by highly inductive
loads to 0.7 or less. This induction is caused by equipment such as lightly loaded
electric motors, luminary transformers and fluorescent lighting ballasts and welding
sets, etc.

Power factor plays a major role in power transmission and distribution systems. The
low power factor in system makes to draw more current for a given amount of power
to satisfy the connected load. In BEL there are two PFCs (Power Factor Control
Centers) as shown in the figure.




43


CAPACITOR BANK

There are 8 stages of capacitor banks in each panel with capacitive reactive power
rating of 25KVAR each for the improvement of power factor. As per PUNJAB
Electricity board the power factor of any industry should not drop down below 0.95.
If it is below 0.95 we will be penalized. In BEL there are two APFC (Auto Power
Factor Control Centre) connected to individual bus. And this power factor controller
will measure the power factor at outgoing breakers and compare it with the setting
value in PFC (power factor control) there by this PFC will switch ON or OFF then
capacitor banks of the panel based on the requirement.

The project gives the overall view of the substation and the energy consumption
pattern in the company. BEL-MC follows the two concepts namely Energy Efficiency
& Energy Conservation. These two are the Twin Pillars of the policies regarding
sustainable energy. It our duty to be more careful while using the energy and doesnt
be a reason of energy wastage.



44

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

The industrial training at B.E.L. has given me an exposure of the activities of a
defense unit. This being a large organization deals with wide spectrum of
technologies.
During my training in B.E.L, I came to know about different range of products,
ranging from communication equipments to hardware to software equipments and it
goes in every strata of society like it is now usually used in military training
academies.


















45

CONCLUSI ON


The six weeks of summer training at BEL, PKL unit generated a lot more interest in
my subject.

It made me more aware of the scope of Electrical Engineering. It has also made me
appreciative of an industrial work environment.

Undergoing training on the indoor substation has helped me integrate conceptual
knowledge with real life application. I was fortunate to have personal guidance from
experienced professionals who took been interest in explaining the working details of
various equipments.

I feel that without this opportunity, my own understanding of this subject and also the
motivation to acquire more knowledge would have remained incomplete.

Well, regarding future scope I think my training has given me enough motivation and
an exposure that I will try to join defence services or get linked up with the defence of
the country.

To know the technical know-how, industrial training is the best way to move
forward.








46

BIBLIOGRAPHY



[1] THE MAIN RESOURCES OF THE WORK WERE THE FACULTY OF
HRD DEPARTMENT AND P&S DEPARTMENT.

[2] WEBSITE:
http://www.bel-india.com/