THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM

Early Beginning Period

After many jobs in town and the bush Jhon Spencer found himself working for tourism pioneer Len Tuit as a
mechanic. When a tour guide was sick one day, Tuit asked Jhon if he would take some tourists out to Simpsons
Gap. Despite a campfire mishap and not having a drivers lincense, the experience launched Jhon on a lifetime
carrer in the tourist industry

During The Roman Empire(500 B.C. A.D. 300)

Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people. Eventually, absolute
rulers called emperors seized power and expanded the empire.

Section 1: The Roman Republic
Section 2: The Roman Empire
Section 3: The Rise of Christianity
Section 4: The Fall of the Roman Empire
Section 5: Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization

Section 1: The Roman Republic
The early Romans establish a republic, which grows powerful and spreads its influence.
Section 2: The Roman Empire
The creation of the Roman Empire transforms Roman government, society, economy, and culture.
Section 3: The Rise of Christianity
Christianity arises in Roman-occupied Judea and spreads throughout the Roman Empire.
Section 4: The Fall of the Roman Empire
Internal problems and invasions spur the division and decline of the Roman Empire.
Section 5: Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization
The Romans develop many ideas and institutions that become fundamental to Western Civilization.

Middle Age (5
th
-4
th
century)

Middle Ages, the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th
century ce to the period of the Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or
15th century, depending on the region of Europe and on other factors). The term and its conventional
meaning were introduced by Italian humanists with invidious intent; the humanists were engaged in a
revival of Classical learning and culture, and the notion of a thousand-year period of darkness and
ignorance separating them from the ancient Greek and Roman world served to highlight the
humanists own work and ideals. In a sense, the humanists invented the Middle Ages in order to
distinguish themselves from it. The Middle Ages nonetheless provided the foundation for the
transformations of the humanists own Renaissance.


Renaissance Era

The Renaissance takes place at different times in different countries. The English Renaissance (also
called the Early Modern period) dates from the beginning of the Protestant Reformation and from the
height of the Quattrocento (1400's) in Italy.Renaissance is a French term meaning "rebirth." The
period is characterized by a rebirth among English elite of classical learning, a rediscovery of ancient
Greek and Roman authors, and a recovery of the ancient Greek spirit of scientific inquiry. (Compare
the Renaissance of the Twelfth Century and the rediscovery then of Aristotle.) The period is also
characterized by widespread religious wars, geographical discovery and colonization, and major
reforms of state. In terms of culture, it is important to remember that not everyone was similarly
affected by the Renaissance: illiterate, beer-swilling shepherds did not suddenly take up a study of
Aristotelian metaphysics. Nevertheless, the period marks the high water mark of English literary
accomplishment. It is the age of William Shakepeare, John Milton, John Donne, and Katherine Philips.
Queen Elizabeth I was fluent in classical Greek, wrote poems in Latin hexameter, and produced
beautifully polished English prose.


The Grand Tour

The idea of the Grand Tour began in the mid 17th century gaining popularity throughout the 18th and
19th centuries continuing to this day as popular reference for travelers. Initially it was conceived as a
mobile finishing school in art and manners. The custom was practiced by royalty and aristocratic
families from Northern Europe and especially England, and later adopted by wealthy Americans. The
latter shared a common enthusiasm for travel and recognized the benefits it could bring not the least
of which would be to confer a pedigree of good breeding to the traveler. The Grand Tour was an
opportunity for elevated social status, educational enhancement, new cultural experiences and
adventure.

The idea of a cultural pilgrimage was popularized by travel writers and chroniclers such as John Evelyn
(1620-1706) and earlier by Richard Lassels (1603-1668), a Roman Catholic priest who wrote The
Voyage of Italy, published in Paris in 1670 and is credited with having coined the term. The Grand Tour
could take extended periods of time and would last, depending upon ones wealth and inclination,
several months and even years. A retinue of servants would attend to the travelers needs, the number
depending on status and economic resources. This artistic pilgrimage reached its height during the
18th century which with some justification may be called the Age of the Grand Tour. The phenomenon
gave birth to the modern tourism a condition which was accelerated in the 19th century with the rise
of safer and more commodious forms of transportation like the railway.


Post Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about
1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production
methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved
efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, and the development of machine tools.
It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal.
Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of
output and capital invested. Textiles were also the first to use modern production methods.[2]
The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was
influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented
sustained growth. Some economists, such as Robert E. Lucas, Jr., argue that the real impact of the
Industrial Revolution was that "for the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of
ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic
behavior is mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility."[3]
Others, however, argue that while growth of the economy's overall productive powers was
unprecedented during the Industrial Revolution, living standards for the majority of the population did
not grow meaningfully until the late 19th and 20th centuries, and that in many ways workers' living
standards declined under early capitalism: for instance, studies have shown that real wages in Britain
only increased 15% between the 1780s and 1850s, and that life expectancy in Britain did not begin to
dramatically increase until the 1870s.[4][5]
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to Western Europe and the United States
within a few decades. The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among
historians. Eric Hobsbawm held that it 'broke out' in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the
1830s or 1840s,[6] while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830.[7]
Some 20th-century historians such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts have argued that the
economic and social changes occurred gradually and the term revolution is a misnomer. This is still a
subject of debate among historians.[8][9] GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial
Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy.[10] The Industrial Revolution began
an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies.[11] Economic historians are in
agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the history of
humanity since the domestication of animals and plants.[12]
The First Industrial Revolution evolved into the Second Industrial Revolution in the transition years
between 1840 and 1870, when technological and economic progress continued with the increasing
adoption of steam-powered boats, ships and railways, the large-scale manufacture of machine tools
and the increasing use of machinery in steam powered factories.[13][14][15]
Tourism in the millennium during 1901-2000
A British 1999/2000 Five Pound cupro-nickel coin (Millenium Commemorative), features a patterned
circle with a representation fo the British Isles and the clock hands emanating from Greenwich, with
the words "ANNO DOMINI".

The 1999 coin, uncirculated and in absolute mint condition could fetch up to 7 GBP. In the
presentation folder, it could fetch up to 10 GBP. Proof in silver FDC, could fetch up to 40 GBP. Proof
in gold FDC, could fetch up to 950 GBP.