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PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

A
REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement
For the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
PRODUCTION & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
By
Bhupesh Kumar
Nikita Singhal
Sunita Chauhan
DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
M.B.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE
JAI NARAIN VYAS UNIVERSITY
JODHPUR (RAJASTHAN) - !"#$$
"#$#-$$
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CANDIDATE%S DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the Product Design and
Development project on ERGOREST MOUSE PAD in the partial fulfilment of the reuirement
for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING &n PRODUCTION &
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING! submitted in the department of production " industrial
engineering! #$%$#$ &ngineering 'ollege! (odhpur )*ajasthan+! is an authentic record of our own
work carried out! under the supervision of D'. M&(&n) *+,-' S.-',-! ,ssociate Professor!
Department of Production " -ndustrial &ngineering! #$%$#$ &ngineering college! (odhpur
)*ajasthan+$
D-/01 2 M-y3 "#$" BHUPESH KU!"
P(-40 N#K#$! S#N%H!&
SUN#$! CH!UH!N
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CONTENT
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Product Design " Development comprises the set of complementary activities and
disciplines which start with the identification of a market opportunity followed by the development
of initial concepts and culminate in the manufacture! sale and delivery of an end product to the
customer$
0he activity of Product Design and Development )PDD+ is defined as the design of the all
the goods and services that compose the process through which a good or a service is created$ -t
incorporates not only the design of the product itself! but also the design of new technologies used
in the manufacturing processes$
0he aim of this program of study is to provide students with a select group of modules!
which address the product design! development and supply life1cycle by bringing together the core
disciplines of marketing! design )industrial and engineering+ and manufacture$ -n addition! strong
emphasis is placed on product uality and cost! as well as on the key aspects of the design and
development phase! namely project management! cost and time to market )Wikipedia
contributer!1223+$ 4ince the product design and development activity within a company is inter1
disciplinary by nature! group and team1working skills are also emphasi5ed$
". C5+'60 O8;04/&<061
0he focus of Product Design and Development is integration of the marketing! design! and
manufacturing functions of the firm in creating a new product$ 0he course is intended to provide
you with the following benefits6
'ompetence with a set of tools and methods for product design and development$
'onfidence in your own abilities to create a new product$
,wareness of the role of multiple functions in creating a new product )e$g$ marketing!
finance! industrial design! engineering! production+$
,bility to coordinate multiple! interdisciplinary tasks in order to achieve a common
objective$
*einforcement of specific knowledge from other courses through practice and reflection in
an action1oriented setting$
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. B-6&4 D0f&n&/&5n61
.$ P'5)+4/1
Product is an article obtained by the transformation of raw material and is marketed or sold
by the manufacturer! i$e$! a product is a saleable item )Word dictionary! 2888+$
." D0<0(5=,0n/1
Development concerns the most economically feasible method for applying the principles
identified through research$ Development involves design9redesign and fabrication of new or
modified product and then testing it to find its usefulness )Word dictionary! 2888+$
. P'5)+4/ )0<0(5=,0n/ ='540)+'01
1$ -n business and engineering! n0: ='5)+4/ )0<0(5=,0n/ ):PD+ is the term used to describe
the complete process of bringing a new product or service to market$ 0here are two parallel
paths involved in the :PD process6 one involves the idea generation! product design and
detail engineering; the other involves market research and marketing analysis$ products go
through the stages of their lifecycle and will eventually have to be replaced 0here are eight
stages of new product development )0elsang! 2883+$ 0hese stages will be discussed briefly
below6
S/->0 $1 I)0- >0n0'-/&5n
:ew ideas for selection and development of the product in general may be generated by6
I,&/-/&5n1
-mitation means marketing another product similar to one in market$ Design by saves lot of
research and lot of money$
A)5=/&5n61
,doption involves developing an improved product for an already e<isting in markets$
In<0n/&5n1
:ew design come from invention new conceived ideas are developed and turned in to new
products$ 0his procedure involves lot of money! time! risk of failure or unsuccessful of consumer
market$
O/.0' 65+'4061
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4ometimes new ideas may be obtained from the following sources6
)a+ dealers and customers
)b+ %y advertising! asking people to send their ideas and announcing pri5es for the best
ideas$
)c+ 4uccess stories of friend9relative! e<perience of other manufacturers$
)d+ 'hance of producing substitute of article for which there is a good demand$
)e+ -nternal sources for new ideas are employees including *"D staff! sales
representatives! production worker etc$
S/->0 "1 I)0- S4'00n&n>
0his process involves shifting through the ideas generated above and selecting ones which
are feasible and workable to develop$ Pursing non feasible ideas can clearly be costly for the
company$
S/->0 1 C5n40=/ D0<0(5=,0n/ -n) T06/&n>
,ll product ideas selected after preliminary investigation are subjected to detailed
investigation and analysis$ 0he purpose of development ideas in to mature product concept possess
utility and can be marketing profitably$ 0he precise description of the ideas and features of the
proposed product is made$
S/->0 !1 M-'90/&n> S/'-/0>y -n) D0<0(5=,0n/
>ow will the product9service idea be launched within the market? , proposed marketing
strategy will be written laying out the marketing mi< strategy of the product! the segmentation!
targeting and positioning strategy sales and profits that are e<pected$
S/->0 ?1 B+6&n066 An-(y6&6
0he company has a great idea! the marketing strategy seems feasible! but will the product be
financially worth while in the long run? 0he business analysis stage looks more deeply into the cash
flow the product could generate! what the cost will be! how much market shares the product may
achieve and the e<pected life of the product$
S/->0 21 P'5)+4/ D0<0(5=,0n/
=
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Ainally it is at this stage that a prototype is finally produced$ 0he prototype will clearly run
through all the desired tests! and be presented to the target audience to see if changes need to be
made$
S/->0 @1 T06/ M-'90/&n>
0est marketing means testing the product within a specific area$ 0he product will be
launched within a particular region so the marketing mi< strategy can be monitored and if needed!
be modified before national launch$
S/->0 A1 C5,,0'4&-(&B-/&5n
-f the test marketing stage has been successful then the product will go for national launch$
0here are certain factors that need to be taken into consideration before a product is launched
nationally$ 0hese are timing! how the product will be launched! where the product will be launched!
will there be a national roll out or will it be region by region?
!. T.0 P'5)+4/ L&f0 Cy4(01
, new product progresses through a seuence of stages from introduction to growth!
maturity! and decline$ 0his seuence is known as the ='5)+4/ (&f0 4y4(0 and is associated with
changes in the marketing situation! thus impacting the marketing strategy and the marketing mi<
) -phonegold! 2882+$0he product revenue and profits can be plotted as a function of the life1cycle
stages as shown in the graph below6
!.$ In/'5)+4/&5n S/->01
-n the introduction stage! the firm seeks to build product awareness and develop a market for
the product )Buickmba! 288@+$0he impact on the marketing mi< is as follows6
P'5)+4/ branding and uality level is established and intellectual property protection such
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as patents and trademarks are obtained$
P'&4&n> may be low penetration pricing to build market share rapidly! or high skim pricing
to recover development costs$
D&6/'&8+/&5n is selective until consumers show acceptance of the product$
P'5,5/&5n is aimed at innovators and early adopters$ #arketing communications seeks to
build product awareness and to educate potential consumers about the product$
!." G'5:/. S/->01
-n the growth stage! the firm seeks to build brand preference and increase market share$
P'5)+4/ uality is maintained and additional features and support services may be added$
P'&4&n> is maintained as the firm enjoys increasing demand with little competition$
D&6/'&8+/&5n channels are added as demand increases and customers accept the product$
P'5,5/&5n is aimed at a broader audience$
!. M-/+'&/y S/->01
,t maturity! the strong growth in sales diminishes$ 'ompetition may appear with similar
products$ 0he primary objective at this point is to defend market share while ma<imi5ing profit$
P'5)+4/ features may be enhanced to differentiate the product from that of competitors$
P'&4&n> may be lower because of the new competition$
D&6/'&8+/&5n becomes more intensive and incentives may be offered to encourage
preference over competing products$
P'5,5/&5n emphasi5es product differentiation$
!.! D04(&n0 S/->01
,s sales decline! the firm has several options6
#aintain the product! possibly rejuvenating it by adding new features and finding new uses$
>arvest the product 1 reduce costs and continue to offer it! possibly to a loyal niche segment$
Discontinue the product! liuidating remaining inventory or selling it to another firm that is
willing to continue the product$
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0he marketing mi< decisions in the decline phase will depend on the selected strategy$ Aor
e<ample! the product may be changed if it is being rejuvenated! or left unchanged if it is being
harvested or liuidated$ 0he price may be maintained if the product is harvested! or reduced
drastically if liuidated$
?. T.0 M5'=.5(5>y 5f D06&>n (T.0 S0<0n P.-606)1
0he morphology of design refers to the study of the chronological structure of design
projects$ -t is the designed by the phases and their constituent steps$ 0he various steps involved in
the design phases will be discussed in detail in the following sections of the seven phases! the first
three phases belong to design! and the remaining four phases belong to production! distribution!
consumption and retirement$
2
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Primary
Design Phase
Phase *elated
to Production
'onsumption
'ycle
A-G6 #,*P>HDHGE HA D&4-G: P*H'&44
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2. B-6&4 D06&>n C5n6&)0'-/&5n1
0here are major factors which the designer must consider before design a new product6
C5n<0n&0n40 5f +601 :o matter what the product is! convenience is of primary importance$ -t is the
designerIs primary objective to make the product desirable through its utility$ -n determining the
proper approach! he has several sources from which he may seek assistance$ 0hese sources are6
-t is always possible for marketing research people to find out what the customer dislikes
about the companyIs previous model$
'ustomer surveys may be conducted by making working models and pre1testing potential
users
0he least costly and the most commonly used approach is common sense$
M-&n/0n-n401 &ase of maintenance and life of parts are important factors$ -t is the customer who
ultimately benefits from proper consideration in this area! and the designer must be careful to resist
the temptation of designing primarily to phase the service personal$ -t canIt be repeated too often
the customer must always come first in the designerIs thinking$
C56/1 although the cost certainly canIt be ignored! it should not be the overriding consideration in
all cases$ 0he lowest1 priced items doest necessarily outsell the highest prices! as the automobile
industry offers ample evidence$ -t is the customer who must ultimately decide how much the
product is worth$
S-(061 We must know the volume of sales anticipated! the competition that will be encountered!
what the competitor are offering! and what we plan to offer$ With regard to sale! it will be better to
remember that ma<imum efficiency and good performance donIt necessarily help in selling the
product$
A==0-'-n401 appearance should not be underestimated! for it determines the whole character of
the product$ -t should reflect pride of ownership! the function serve! high product uality and value!
and the reputation of the maker$
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@. P'5)+4/ An-(y6&61
Product analysis or production analysis is carried out in concurrence with product design$
#any factors have to be analy5ed in connection with development and design$ 4ome of these may
be grouped as6
)1+ #arketing aspects
)2+ Product characteristics6
a+ Aunctional aspects
b+ Hperational aspect$
c+ Durability and dependability! accessibility
d+ ,esthetic aspects$
).+ &conomics ,nalysis6
a+ Profit consideration
b+ 0he effect of standardi5ation! simplification and
speciali5ation
c+ 0he break even analysis$
)/+ Production aspects.
,ll these factors are interrelated and each presents many issues that have to be carefully
considered$ #arketing research may guide product designers in their work to improve e<isting
products or to develop new ones$ Design and its characteristics have to undergo an economic
analysis and must be researched in the light of available production facilities and techniues$ 0he
proposed design has to be rechecked and modified$ 0hus product development and design is an
e<cellent e<ample of interdependence of a multitude of factors that have to be unified and
integrated into a final composition$
A. D06&>n T04.n5(5>&06 -n) T04.n&C+06
0he design process must provide a complete description of the product that is to be
manufactured$ 0he Design 0echnologies and 0echniues module provides a comprehensive
overview of a wide range of computational and analytical design techniues that are available to
assist the designer in his goal$ Carious design analysis tools for performance prediction! reliability
assessment and mechanical strength and thermal performance of a product are covered$ Design
analysis techniues can be used to reduce lead1times! improve performance and reduce
development costs$ Different design techniues are as follows6
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A.$ 7+06/&5nn-&'0 D06&>n1
0he uestionnaire is a structured techniue for collecting primary data in a marketing
survey$ -t is a series of written or verbal uestions for which the respondent provides answers$ ,
well1designed uestionnaire motivates the respondent to provide complete and accurate
information$
0ype of uestionnaire6
1$ Hpen1ended
2$ 'losed1ended uestions$
,n open1ended uestion asks the respondent to formulate his own answer! whereas a closed1ended
uestion has the respondent pick an answer from a given number of options )Buickmba!
288@+$0hese are steps of developing a uestionnaire6
S/0=6 /5 D0<0(5=&n> - 7+06/&5nn-&'0
0here are nine steps involved in the development of a uestionnaire6
1$ Decide the information reuired$
2$ Define the target respondents$
.$ 'hoose the method)s+ of reaching your target respondents$
/$ Decide on uestion content$
7$ Develop the uestion wording$
=$ Put uestions into a meaningful order and format$
@$ 'heck the length of the uestionnaire$
3$ Pre1test the uestionnaire$
2$ Develop the final survey form$
, good uestionnaire is one which help directly achieve the research objectives! provides
complete and accurate information; is easy for both interviewers and respondents to complete! is so
designed as to make sound analysis and interpretation possible and is brief$
A." SDOT An-(y6&61
4WH0 analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths! Deaknesses!
Opportunities! and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture$ -t involves specifying the
objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and e<ternal factors that are
favourable and unfavourable to achieve that objective$
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, 4WH0 analysis must first start with defining a desired end state or objective)Aao
organisation! 288/+$ , 4WH0 analysis may be incorporated into the strategic planning model$
4trategic Planning has been the subject of much research$
Strengths6 attributes of the person or company that is helpful to achieving the
objective)s+$
Deaknesses6 attributes of the person or company that is harmful to achieving the
objective)s+$
Opportunities6 e<ternal conditions that is helpful to achieving the objective)s+$
Threats6 e<ternal conditions which could do damage to the objective)s+$
A.".$ T.0 SDOT M-/'&E
0o develop strategies that take into account the 4WH0 profile! a matri< of these factors can
be constructed$ 0he 4WH0 matri< )also known as a 0HW4 #atri<+ is shown below1
SDOT F TODS M-/'&E
S/'0n>/.6 D0-9n06606
1.
4ituation ,nalysis
&<ternal ,nalysis
Weaknesses
Hpportunities
0hreats
-nternal ,nalysis
4trengths
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O==5'/+n&/&
06
41H strategies W1H strategies
T.'0-/6 410 strategies W10 strategies
)1+ 41H strategies pursue opportunities that are a good fit to the companyIs strengths$
)2+ W1H strategies overcome weaknesses to pursue opportunities$
).+ 410 strategies identify ways that the firm can use its strengths to reduce its vulnerability
to e<ternal threats$
)/+ W10 strategies establish a defensive plan to prevent the firmJs weaknesses from making
it highly susceptible to e<ternal threats$
A. V-(+0 An-(y6&6
0he value of a product will be interpreted in different ways by different customers$ -ts
common characteristic is a high level of performance! capability! emotional appeal! style! etc$
relative to its cost$ 0his can also be e<pressed as ma<imi5ing the function of a product relative to its
cost6
Calue K )Performance L 'apability+9'ost K Aunction9'ost
Calue analysis defines a Mbasic functionM as anything that makes the product work or sell$ ,
function that is defined as MbasicM cannot change$ 4econdary functions! also called Msupporting
functionsM! described the manner in which the basic function)s+ were implemented$ 4econdary
functions could be modified or eliminated to reduce product cost )'reatingmind! 2887+$ 0his is the
procedure of value analysis6
A..$ P'540)+'01
S/0= $1 I)0n/&fy -n) ='&5'&/&B0 f+n4/&5n6
-dentify the item to be analysed and the customers for whom it is produced$
Dist the basic functions )the things for which the customer is paying+$ :ote that there are
usually very few basic functions$
-dentify the secondary functions by asking N>ow is this achieved?I or NWhat other functions
support the basic functions?I$
Determine the relative importance of each function! preferably by asking a representative
sample of customers )who will always surprise you with what they prefer+$
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17 | P a g e
S/0= "1 An-(yB0 45n/'&8+/&n> f+n4/&5n6
Aind the components of the item being analy5ed that are used to provide the key functions$
,gain! the uestion N>owI can come in very useful here$
#easure the cost of each component as accurately as possible! including all material and
production costs$
S/0= 1 S009 &,='5<0,0n/6
&liminate or reduce the cost of components that add little value! especially high1cost
components$
&nhance the value added by components that contribute significantly to functions that are
particularly important to customers$
Calue ,nalysis )and its design partner! Calue &ngineering+ is used to increase the value of
products or services to all concerned by considering the function of individual items and the
benefit of this function and balancing this against the costs incurred in delivering it$ 0he task then
becomes to increase the value or decrease the cost$
A.! L&90'/ S4-(01
, L&90'/ 64-(0 is a psychometric scale commonly used in uestionnaires! and is the most
widely used scale in survey research! such that the term is often used interchangeably with rating
scale even though the two are not synonymous$ When responding to a Dikert uestionnaire item!
respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement$
A f&<0-=5&n/ L&90'/ &/0,1 , Dikert scale is recogni5able when you are asked to indicate your
strength of feeling about a particular issue on a 117 rating scale$ Fsing a Dikert 4cale with closed
uestions generates statistical measurements of peopleJs attitudes and opinions )Dikert! *ensis!
12.2+$ 0he format of a typical five1level Dikert item is6
1$ 4trongly disagree
2$ Disagree
.$ :either agree nor disagree
/$ ,gree
7$ 4trongly agree
0he Dikert scale is also called the summative scale! as the result of a uestionnaire is often achieved
by summing numerical assignments to the responses given$
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A.? S0n6&/&<&/y An-(y6&61
-n this analysis the parameters of the linear programming problems are uncertain means
change with time and other factors$ 0hese changes in the parameters are discrete not continuous$
0he study of the effect of discrete changes in parameters on the optimal solution is called sensitivity
analysis or the post optimality analysis$
0he changes in the parameters of a linear programming problem include6
1$ 'hanges in the right hand side constant or availability of resources)b
i
+$
2$ 'hanges in the cost9profit coefficients or cost9profit contribution per unit of decision
variables )c
j
+$
.$ ,ddition of new variables$
/$ 'hanges in the coefficients of constraints or consumption of resources per unit of
decision variables a
ij
$
7$ ,ddition of new constraints$
=$ Deletion of variables$
@$ Deletion of constraints$
Generally! these parameter changes result in one of the following three cases6
1$ 0he optimal solution remains unchanged i.e$! the basic variables and their
values remain unchanged$
2$ 0he basic variables remain unchanged but their values change$
.$ 0he basic variables as well as their values are changed$
While dealing with these changes! one important objective is to find the ma<imum e<tent to
which a parameter or a set of parameters can be changed so that the current optimal solution
remains optimal$ -n other words! the objective is to determine how sensitive is the optimal solution
to the changes in those parameters )Gupta! >ira! 2883+$ 4uch an analysis is called sensitivity
analysis$

A.2 C56/ B0n0f&/ An-(y6&61
'ost benefit analysis is a term that refers both to6
1$ >elping to appraise! or assess! the case for a project or proposal! which itself is a process known
as project appraisal; and
2$ ,n informal approach to making economic decisions of any kind$ 'ost benefit analysis normally
clarifies the trade1offs between first costs and operating costs! unless the owner or designer can
assign a monetary value for incremental benefits such as improved comfort! productivity! or well1
1=
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being! they are not normally considered$
, cost benefit analysis is done to determine how well! or how poorly! a planned action will
turn out$ ,lthough a cost benefit and analysis can be used for almost anything! it is most commonly
done on financial uestions$ 4ince the cost benefit analysis relies on the addition of positive factors
and the subtraction of negative ones to determine a net result! it is also known as running the
numbers )Wikipedia 'ontributor! 1222+$ 0hus cost benefit analysis has been done$
G. P'5)+4/ Inf5',-/&5n1
&rgorest forearm supports offer smooth movement and optional accessories such as mouse
trays with mouse pad make this a good device to assist individuals who have problems supporting
their arms while using the computer$ :ot only for them in -0 companied where people working on
computers! due to the long working hour on computers stresses developed$ &rgorest forearm
supports offer smooth movement so by using this product fatigue can be reduced$ 0herefor a person
can work long period of time with less fatigue$
0he forearm support is adjusted to the table top by adjustable clamps$
A)<-n/->06
)1+ -t relieves from muscle strain and tension in the neck and shoulders$
)2+ -t improves body posture and comfort level$ -t cures pressure on the median nerve which
is the cause of the discomfort that accompanies repetitive strain injuries and carpal tunnel
syndrome$
G.$ F0-/+'06 5f P'5)+4/1
(1) The maximum operating span for this model is 350mm.
(2) Maximum allowable Load is 12 g.
).+ 'lamp opening is 28178 mm$
)/+ Dower arm length is 1.@$/ mm
)7+ Fpper arm length is 178 mm
)=+ Pad rotation .=8O
1@
13 | P a g e
P'5)+4/ ,5)0(
static ,nalysis static using ,llum$ alloy =8=11H material
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12 | P a g e
optimi5ed ,nalysis of upper lever using ,llum$ alloy =8=11H material
optimi5ed ,nalysis of upper lever using ,llum$ alloy =8=11H material
R06+(/ 5f 5=/&,&B&n> /.0 ,5)0(1
Different dimension changed
4o directly it reduces the cost
12
28 | P a g e
$#. 7+06/&5nn-&'0 5n E'>5'06/ ,5+60 P-)
Buestionnaire :o$ $$$$$$ Date $$$$9$$$$92818
:ame $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Hccupation$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,ge$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
,ddress $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
1$ >ow much you are familiar with the product?
P :ever heard of it
P - am aware but never used it$
P Fse it only sometimes
P Fse it on the regular basis$
2$ Would you use this &rgorest arm earlier?
P Ees P :o P :ot sure
.$ >ow many hours do you spend on computer?
P less than 1hour P above 1hour but less than /hour
P more than / hour
/$ Do you feel fatigue during working on computer?
P Ees P :o
7$ Which type of product do you prefer?
P computer P laptop
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21 | P a g e
=$ Please rank what you look for in order of importance when selecting products of this kind$)basis of the
likert scale+
1)bad+ 2)fair+ .)good+ /)very good+ 7)e<cellent+
'omplicity in manufacturing
Aeasibility
*eliability and Performance
Buality
Calue of Product
4ervice Dife
&nvironmental friendly
fle<ibility
'ost
,ttractive
Aamiliarity
#anufacturing cost
#aintenance cost
*eplacement cost
4afety
@$ >ow likely are you to recommend QP*HDF'0R to others?
P Definitely will recommend
P Probably will recommend
P :ot sure
P Probably will not recommend
P Definitely will not recommend
3$ Hverall! how satisfied are you with this product?
P Cery Dissatisfied P Dissatisfied P 4atisfied
P Cery 4atisfied
21
22 | P a g e
$$. F00)8-49 5f C+06/&5nn-&'0 (&n /0',6 5f =0'40n/->0)1
Aeedback of the uestionnaire from 23 different people has been taken$
1$ >ow much you are familiar with the product?
, % ' D
2 1@ 8 2

2$ Would you use this product earlier?
, % '
. 28 7
.$ >ow much hours do you spend on computer?
, % '
@ 1/ @
22
50%
29%
21%
A
B
C
D
E
2. | P a g e
/$ Do you feel fatigue during working on computer?
, %
1@ 11
7$ Which type of product do you prefer?
, %
12 2
@$ >ow likely are you to recommend QP*HDF'0R to others?
, % ' D &
1/ 3 = 8 8
2.
7%
89%
4%
A
B
C
D
21%
43%
32%
4%
Bad
Fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent
2/ | P a g e
3$ Hverall! how satisfied are you with this product?
, % ' D
8 2 27 1
=$ Please rank what you look for in order of importance when selecting products of this kind$ )basis
of the likert scale+
M-n+f-4/+'&n> =0'6=04/&<01
1$ 'omplicity in manufacturing6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
= 12 2 1 8
2$ feasibility
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
2/
50%
29%
21%
Bad
Fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent
7%
11%
29%
32%
21%
Bad
Fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent
7%
7%
29%
32%
25%
Bad
Fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent
27 | P a g e
2 7 2 2 .
.$ *eliability and Performance6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
2 . 3 2 =
C+6/5,0' =0'6=04/&<01
1$ Buality6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
2 2 3 2 @
2$ Calue of Product6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
1 @ . 1/ .
27
4%
25%
11%
50%
11%
Bad
Fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent
4%
14%
25%
32%
25%
Bad
Fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent
17%
28%
21%
31%
3%
Bad
Fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent
2= | P a g e

.$ 4ervice Dife6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
1 / @ 2 @
/$ &nvironmental friendly
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
7 3 = 2 1
7Ale<ibility
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
1 / / 1/ 7
2=
8%
23%
42%
23%
4%
Bad
Fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent
2@ | P a g e
=$ 'ost6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
2 = 11 = 1
@$ ,ttractive6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
1 2 7 3 12
3$ %rand name
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
2@
23 | P a g e
2 2 @ 7 /
18$ Aamiliarity6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
. 1/ = 2 8
F&n-n4&-( =0'6=04/&<01
1$ #anufacturing cost6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
@ = @ 3 8
2$ #aintenance cost6
23
22 | P a g e
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
7 / = 3 7
.$ *eplacement cost6
%ad Aair Good Cery Good &<cellent
/ @ 3 7 2
22
.8 | P a g e
$".$ SDOT An-(y6&6 5f E'>5'06/ M5+60 P-)
$".$ (N5',-( M5)0()
STRENGT
&rgonomic Design
'ost of the product
Buality of product
Calue of product
-nnovative
Performance
DEA*NESS
>igh manufacturing cost
>igh maintenance cost
'omplicity in manufacturing
Aamiliarity
OPPORTUNITY
-ncreases working hours
THREAT
#aintenance
'ompetition
.8
.1 | P a g e
$"." SDOT An-(y6&6 5f I,='5<0) M5)0(
(I,='5<0) R0,5/0 C5n/'5( S:&/4. B5-'))
STRENGTH
&rgonomic Design
Buality of product
Calue of product
-nnovative
-ncrease working capacity
DEA*NESS
Doading capacity S 12 Tg
'omplicity in manufacturing
Aamiliarity
OPPORTUNITY
-ncreases working hours
:ot so popular in -ndian #arket
THREAT
:ew Product in -ndian #arket
competition
.1
.2 | P a g e
$. V-(+0 An-(y6&61
0he value of a product will be interpreted in different ways by different customers$ -ts
common characteristic is a high level of performance! capability! emotional appeal! style! etc$
relative to its cost$ 0his can also be e<pressed as ma<imi5ing the function of a product relative to its
cost6
Calue K )Performance L 'apability+9'ost K Aunction9'ost
Calue is not a matter of minimi5ing cost$ -n some cases the value of a product can be
increased by increasing its function )performance or capability+ and cost as long as the added
function increases more than its added cost$ 0he concept of functional worth can be important$
Aunctional worth is the lowest cost to provide a given function$ >owever! there are less tangible
MsellingM functions involved in a product to make it of value to a customer$
An-(y6&6 f5' C56/1
0he main factors which will affect to increase the cost of manufacturing are6
#aterial used
Doading capacity
4i5e of the product
Ale<ibility of the product$
'ost of normal &rgorest #ouse Pad K *s$7888 1 =888
S4-(0 5f R-/&n>1
&<cellent Cery Good Good Aair %ad
7 / . 2 1
.2
.. | P a g e
V-(+0 An-(y6&61
M-;5' P'5=0'/&06
R-/&n> -445')&n> /5 /.0 S4-(0
(N5',-() (I,='5<0))
'omplicity in manufacturing 2 .
Aeasibility / /
*eliability and Performance / /
Buality / /
Calue of Product / 7
4ervice Dife / /
&nvironmental friendly / /
fle<ibility 1 /
'ost 2 /
,ttractive 2 7
%rand name 1 1
Aamiliarity 2 2
#anufacturing cost / .
#aintenance cost 1 .
*eplacement cost . .
T5/-( !? ?
0he market cost of the 0'>5'06/ -', we are considering is *s$7888 only$
0he totalling of the various ratings done is /7$
V-(+0 K /7 9 7888 K #.##G
0he market cost of the &,='5<0) ,5)0( we are considering is *s$/888 only$
0he totalling of the various ratings done parallel to the properties of the improved switch boards
from the above is 7.$
V-(+0 K 7. 9 .888 K #.#$
$!. M-/.0,-/&4-( M5)0((&n>1
0he mathematical model which tells to optimi5e )ma<imi5e or minimi5e+ the objective
..
./ | P a g e
function U subject to certain conditions on the variables is called a linear programming problem$
During World War --! the military managements in the F$T and the F4, engaged a team of
scientists to study the limited military resources and form a plan of action or program to utili5e
them in the most effective manner$ 0his was done under the name JHperation *esearchJ )H*+
because the team was dealing with research on military operation$
0he standard form of the linear programming problem is used to develop the procedure for
solving a general programming problem$ , general linear programming problem is 1
#a< )or min+ U K '
1
V
1
L '
2
V
2
LWL '
n
V
n

V
1
! V
2
W V
n
are decision variables$
0he ,pplication ,reas of Dinear Programming are6
0ransportation Problem
#ilitary ,pplications
Hperation of systems of dams
Personal ,ssignment problem
Hther applications6 manufacturing plants! distribution centres! production management and
power management$
F5',+(-/&5n 5f L&n0-' P'5>'-,,&n> P'58(0,1
1$ Aormulation of objective function6 ,s our main objective function is to minimi5e the cost of
the product! so to formulate objective function we have to consider the resources! those
resources are6
a+ #aterial consumption; considering as a variable
b+ 0ypes of material
$
$2. C5n4(+6&5n1
./
.7 | P a g e
Product design and development is a process in which a new! innovative product or a
improved version of the e<isting product is develop$ -t consists the steps from a thought to
conversion of this thought into a real product! with all the analysis! mathematical calculations and
models necessary for knowing that the product is profitable in the worldIs market or not$ -n our case
the product is &rgorest #ouse pad$ We did the 4WH0! Calue! for knowing that it will success in the
market or not$ ,fter that we can say that the development of this product is profitable$
Calue analysis6 -n this analysis the value of the pre model is 8$882 and the post model is
8$81.! as the value of the improved version of &rgorest #ouse pad is increases! it represents
that our product will be feasible to e<ist in market and will be able to compete the e<isting
product$
.7