We use an apostrophe for two purposes:

1. to show belonging or possession.

eg. the book belongs to the boy - The boy's book
2. to fill in for missing letters.(contractions)
eg. I am - I'm

Activity One:
Fill in the blanks using words with an apostrophe. The example
shows you how:
The leaves belong to the tree. The tree's leaves were falling off.

1. The ball belonged to the children. The ball was lost in
the garden.

2. The pen belongs to the teacher. The pen is lying on
the floor.

3. The flower belonged to Emily. flower was beautiful.

4. Tim had a house. house was spacious.

5. Father had a hobby. hobby was painting.

Activity Two:
Choose the right spelling for the contractions. Remember the
apostrophe takes the place of the missing letter or letters.

1. I (did not) have a pencil yesterday.

2. (You are) my best friend.

3. (He would) often come to my garden.

4. (She is) the most intelligent girl in her class.

5. We (can not) miss our English lesson.

6.(I had) not bought a house yet.

7. (We have) to meet her tomorrow.

8. (I will) give her a gift on her birthday.

9. You (will not) tell her our secret.

10. I (would not) make such a mistake.

1. His ____ house is up for sale.

a.) fathers

b.) father's

2. Total Quality Management is one of the important ____ in
this course.

a.) concepts

b.) concept's

3. She was stressed out because she wrote all her ____ at the
last minute.

a.) papers

b.) paper's

4. Good management ____ good leadership.

a.) requires

b.) require's

5. Good study ____ require self-discipline.

a.) skills

b.) skill's

6. In order to be a good leader, one must have good ____.

a.) followers

b.) follower's

7. The ____ vice president is related to the president.

a.) companys

b.) company's

8. My only ____ stocks went up yesterday.

a.) sisters

b.) sister's

9. The ____ presentation was very good.

a.) students

b.) student's

10. My ____ husband is my husband's brother-in-law.

a.) sisters

b.) sister's

1 '__________ left their shoes in the doorway again?' shouted mum.
a) Whose
b) Who's


2 '__________ shoes are these?' shouted mum.
a) Whose
b) Who's


3 I'm not sure __________ coming to the cinema tonight.
a) whose
b) who's


4 I couldn't tell _________ books were left on the table.
a) whose
b) who's


5 Paul is the one _________ going to make this team something special.
a) whose
b) who's


6 Paul is the player __________ skills will make this team something special.
a) whose
b) who's


7 I've no idea ___________ got the best marks for the grammar exam.
a) whose
b) who's


8 Tim was unsure __________ office he was meant to go to.
a) whose
b) who's


9 '__________ stolen my wallet?' he shouted.
a) Whose
b) Who's


10 I would like to know _________ smelly socks these are.
a) whose
b) who's


COLON
What is a colon?
A colon is used primarily to demonstrate a balance
between items on each side of it. A writer uses a
colon to introduce a list or to prepare the reader for
a quote.
Example #1
Dinner will consist of the following: tuna fish, carrots,
and a slice of pita bread.
Explanation: The colon serves as a cue to the reader that
writer is about to name the items being served.
Example #2
Many brave people try to live by Eleanor Roosevelt's
famous words: "You must do the thing you think you
cannot do."
Explanation: The colon tells the reader that the writer is
about to introduce a quote.
Caution: The words before a colon must comprise a
complete sentence whereas the words after the colon do
not need to. However, if the words after the colon do
comprise a complete sentence, then the first letter after
the word should be capitalized; otherwise, the first
letter is not capitalized.

1. Many jobs interest me teaching, writing, editing, and
social work.

a.) job, interest

b.) interest, me

c.) me: teaching

2. There were a number of famous people at the
restaurant Brittany Spears, Jack Nicholson, and Helen
Hunt.

a.) people: at

b.) restaurant: Brittany

c.) Nicholson: and

3. There are a lot of chores I do not like doing dishes,
washing windows, and vacuuming rugs.

a.) doing: dishes

b.) like: doing

c.) dishes: washing

4. He was a world class athlete a rowing champion.

a.) was: a

b.) class: athlete

c.) athlete: a

5. She did not pass the most important of her exams
math.

a.) pass: the

b.) important: of

c.) exams: math

6. I like all kinds of desserts lemon pie, carrot cake,
strawberry ice cream, and chocolate pudding.

a.) kinds: of

b.) desserts: lemon

c.) cake: strawberry

7. Some cities are known for being friendly Buffalo.

a.) are: known

b.) known: for

c.) friendly: Buffalo

8. There are several hobbies I particularly enjoy cake
decorating, dancing, and bicycling.

a.) enjoy: cake

b.) hobbies: I

c.) dancing: and

9. One factor made our winter more difficult than usual
ice storms.

a.) winter: more

b.) usual: ice

c.) ice: storms

10. She prized only one possession her diamond necklace.

a.) prized: only

b.) only: one

c.) possession: her

1. Some items I want to buy at the grocery store are the
following bread, butter, jelly, honey, and milk.

store: are

following: bread

no colon

2. Above all traits, I prize one in particular kindness.

one: in

particular: kindness

no colon

3. To construct this poster, I need the following items
poster board, markers, and a ruler.

following: items

items: poster

no colon

4. He wants to try out for all three sports teams,
including baseball, basketball, hockey.

teams: including

for: all

no colon

5. If only the handyman could do one thing fix the sink.

do: one

thing: fix

no colon

6. The grocery store at the corner sells all kinds of food
products as well as some camping supplies.

corner: sells

products: as

no colon

7. Mark Twain once said this "the reports of my death
have been greatly exaggerated."

this: the

once: said

no colon

8. Many tennis players excel in one other sport, usually a
racquet sport.

players: excel

sport: usually

no colon

9. Since he does not know algebra, he should probably
register for basic math.

algebra: he

probably: register

no colon

10. John F. Kennedy made this statement "Ask not what
your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for
your country."

made: this

statement: ask

no colon

Comma
We will go out to dinner tonight and they will join us.

a.) dinner, tonight

b.) tonight, and

c.) they, will

2. I would like to get this job done in a hurry but I think it will take a long time.

a.) done, in

b.) hurry, but

c.) think, it

3. I could study chemistry tonight or I could wait until tomorrow night.

a.) tonight, or

b.) wait, until

c.) until, tomorrow

4. The students in the class believe there will be no final exam but the instructor has repeatedly
announced there will be.

a.) believe, there

b.) exam, but

c.) announced, there

5. I can`t study everything all at once so I will study the most important concepts.

a.) everything, all

b.) once, so

c.) most, important

6. I won`t study the first chapter but I know it will be on the exam.

a.) chapter, but

b.) know, it

c.) be, on

7. I would like to study for this exam a little at a time yet I remember more when I cram the night
before.

a.) exam, a

b.) study, for

c.) time, yet

8. I don`t enjoy the study of chemistry much nor do I like the other natural sciences.

a.) enjoy, the

b.) chemistry, much

c.) much, nor

9. I enjoy college because I like to study literature and I like that better than history.

a.) college, because

b.) literature, and

c.) better, than

10. It is said that a well-rounded education requires a little bit of knowledge about a lot of subjects or
it could require a lot of knowledge about a few subjects.

a.) education, requires

b.) knowledge, about


c.) subjects, or
1. Exercising immediately after a heavy meal is I think asking for trouble.

a.) Exercising immediately, after a heavy meal, is I think asking for trouble.

b.) Exercising immediately after a heavy meal is, I think, asking for trouble.

c.) Exercising, immediately after a heavy meal, is I think asking for trouble.

2. The moral of the story is that people should always as a result treat one another with kindness.

a.) The moral, of the story, is that people should always as a result treat one another
with kindness.

b.) The moral of the story is, that people should always, as a result treat one another
with kindness.

c.) The moral of the story is that people should always, as a result, treat one another
with kindness.

3. The problem with making decisions based upon emotion he argued is that sound reasoning
sometimes gets lost in the process.

a.) The problem with making decisions based upon emotion, he argued, is that sound
reasoning sometimes gets lost in the process.

b.) The problem with making decisions, based upon emotion, he argued is that sound
reasoning sometimes gets lost in the process.

c.) The problem with making decisions based upon emotion he argued is that sound
reasoning, sometimes, gets lost in the process.

4. Flossing every day in the opinion of most dentists decreases the chances of getting gum disease.

a.) Flossing every day in the opinion of most dentists decreases, the chances of, getting
gum disease.

b.) Flossing, every day, in the opinion of most dentists decreases the chances of getting
gum disease.

c.) Flossing every day, in the opinion of most dentists, decreases the chances of getting
gum disease.

5. We will have an early spring I expect this year.

a.) We will have, an early spring, I expect, this year.

b.) We will have, an early spring, I expect this year.

c.) We will have an early spring, I expect, this year.

6. Two students obviously pranksters replaced the chalk in the classrooms with sticks of white
chocolate.

a.) Two students obviously pranksters, replaced the chalk in the classrooms, with sticks
of white chocolate.

b.) Two students, obviously pranksters, replaced the chalk in the classrooms with sticks
of white chocolate.

c.) Two students obviously pranksters replaced the chalk, in the classrooms, with sticks
of white chocolate.

7. If we don't cut up our credit cards right now she asserted we will only descend further into debt.

a.) If we don't cut up our credit cards right now, she asserted, we will only descend
further into debt.

b.) If we don't, cut up our credit cards right now she asserted, we will only descend
further into debt.

c.) If we don't cut up, our credit cards right now she asserted, we will only descend
further into debt.

8. No one I believe should ever be homeless in this country.

a.) No one, I believe, should ever be homeless in this country.

b.) No one I believe, should ever be homeless, in this country.

c.) No one I believe should ever be, homeless, in this country.

9. One toothpaste according to experts is generally the same as another.

a.) One toothpaste according to experts is, generally, the same as another.

b.) One toothpaste, according to experts, is generally the same as another.

c.) One toothpaste, according to experts is generally the same, as another.

10. Alcoholism as stated earlier is a chemical disease that can be altered by behavior.

a.) Alcoholism as stated earlier is a chemical disease, that can be altered, by behavior.

b.) Alcoholism, as stated earlier, is a chemical disease that can be altered by behavior.

c.) Alcoholism, as stated earlier is a chemical disease, that can be altered by behavior.

1. Joan an excellent student is also a nurse.

a.) Joan, an excellent student is also a nurse.

b.) Joan, an excellent student, is also a nurse.

c.) Joan an excellent student is, also, a nurse.

2. Jane watched a movie Sophie`s Choice last week.

a.) Jane watched a movie, Sophie`s Choice, last week.

b.) Jane, watched a movie, Sophie`s Choice last week.

c.) Jane watched a movie Sophie`s Choice, last week.

3. John was astonished when he saw his former girlfriend Jill at the dance.

a.) John was astonished, when he saw his former girlfriend Jill at the dance.

b.) John was astonished, when he saw his former girlfriend, Jill at the dance.

c.) John was astonished when he saw his former girlfriend, Jill, at the dance.

4. When I saw Mr. Walker my old English teacher I immediately thought of grammar.

a.) When I saw, Mr. Walker my old English teacher, I immediately thought of grammar.

b.) When I saw Mr. Walker, my old English teacher, I immediately thought of grammar.

c.) When I saw, Mr. Walker my old English teacher I immediately thought, of grammar.

5. One of my dogs Peppy has been sick for a long time.

a.) One of my dogs, Peppy, has been sick for a long time.

b.) One of my dogs, Peppy has been sick, for a long time.

c.) One of my dogs, Peppy has been sick for a long time.

6. There goes Miguel a great athlete who serves on the Committee for Student Concerns.

a.) There goes Miguel a great athlete, who serves on the Committee for Student
Concerns.

b.) There goes Miguel, a great athlete, who serves on the Committee for Student
Concerns.

c.) There goes Miguel, a great athlete who serves, on the Committee for Student
Concerns.

7. Candy my oldest cat is a calico with a pink and gray nose.

a.) Candy my oldest cat, is a calico, with a pink and gray nose.

b.) Candy, my oldest cat, is a calico, with a pink and gray nose.

c.) Candy, my oldest cat, is a calico with a pink and gray nose.

8. Shona the girl wearing the pink dress is in my biology class.

a.) Shona, the girl, wearing the pink dress is in my biology class.

b.) Shona the girl wearing the pink dress, is in my biology class.

c.) Shona, the girl wearing the pink dress, is in my biology class.

9. This cross made of diamonds was given to me by Steve.

a.) This cross, made of diamonds, was given to me by Steve.

b.) This cross made, of diamonds was given, to me by Steve.

c.) This cross made of diamonds, was given to me, by Steve.

10. This concept the appositive can be a tricky element in grammar.

a.) This concept, the appositive can be a tricky element, in grammar.

b.) This concept, the appositive, can be a tricky element in grammar.

c.) This concept the appositive, can be a tricky element, in grammar.


Semicolons
There are three uses for the semicolon:
1. To join two independent clauses (complete sentences) that are closely related.
2. To join two independent clauses when the second clause begins with a conjunctive adverb or a
transitional phrase (therefore, however, as a result, in fact, etc.)
3. To separate items in a series when one or more of the items contain a comma.
Joining Independent Clauses
Here the semicolon serves the same purpose as a coordinate conjunction. However, the semicolon is
used sparingly whereas the coordinate conjunction may be used often.
Example
One shouldn't work while on vacation; they are for fun.
Explanation: There are two independent clauses, or complete sentences, here. The first is One
shouldn't work while on vacation, and the second is they are for fun. The semicolon connects the two
sentences and emphasizes the relationship between the two.
Separating Items in a Series
Here the semicolon serves the purpose of not confusing the reader when there is already a comma in
one or more of the items in a series.
Example
The people at the party included John, a fellow my husband works with; Sue, John's wife; Joanne,
Sue's best friend; and Jerry, Joanne's husband.
Explanation: Since the content in the items already contains commas, it would be confusing to the
reader to separate these items with commas. Therefore, semicolons are used to separate these items.
Joining Two Independent Clauses with a Conjunctive Adverb or Transitional
Expression
The semicolon immediately precedes the conjunctive adverb and is followed by a comma.
Example
I would go shopping with you; however, I am expecting company.
Explanation: There are two independent clauses here, and the second begins with the conjunctive
adverb however, which further clarifies the relationship between the two sentences.

A conjunctive adverb is an adverb that connects two independent clauses. Conjunctive adverbs
show cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison, or other relationships. The adverbs and
adverbial phrases that fit the criteria for a conjunctive adverb are always modifiers of the predicate in
the first independent clause.
Common conjunctive adverbs
accordingly
additionally
again
almost
although
anyway
as a result
besides
certainly
comparatively
consequently
contrarily
conversely
elsewhere
equally
eventually
finally
further
furthermore
hence
henceforth
however
in addition
in comparison
in contrast
in fact
incidentally
indeed
instead
just as
likewise
meanwhile
moreover
namely
nevertheless
next
nonetheless
notably
now
otherwise
rather
similarly
still
subsequently
that is
then
thereafter
therefore
thus
undoubtedly
uniquely
on the other hand

1. It is raining outside I will bring my umbrella with me.

a.) raining

b.) outside

c.) umbrella

2. Hopefully, the weather will change soon otherwise, the whole summer will go by without the sun
shining.

a.) soon

b.) otherwise

c.) summer

3. She doesn't understand algebra therefore, she will probably not pass the math final.

a.) understand

b.) algebra

c.) therefore

4. We will play tennis tomorrow then we will go out for dinner.

a.) play

b.) tennis

c.) tomorrow

5. She had very high grades in high school she applied to Harvard University.

a.) grades

b.) school

c.) applied

6. Some colleges offer full time scholarships others do not.

a.) colleges

b.) time

c.) scholarships

7. There is a lot of financial aid available you just have to know where to look for it.

a.) lot

b.) aid

c.) available

8. Some institutions require a lot of financial support from parents some require only a little.

a.) support

b.) parents

c.) require

9. You should always choose a college according to whether you believe you'll be happy you're the one
who will be attending for four years.

a.) college

b.) believe

c.) happy

10. It's such a beautiful day I will walk in Niagara Falls.

a.) beautiful

b.) day

c.) walk

Colons and Semicolons Practice Exercises
Practice Exercise
Add colons and semicolons where necessary in these sentences. You may check your
answers below.
1. Scott used his sister's cell phone to call Kris he lost his yesterday.
2. Liz will meet Kim and Erin at [six o'clock] they have a yoga class at [fifteen minutes after six o'clock].
3. We watched Garfield A Tail of Two Kittens after school on Monday.
4. [TIME volume number 4, pages 56 75.]
5. Add these to your list when you go to the grocery store bread, milk, lunch meat, and cheese.
6. Shari owns four dogs three of them are poodles.
7. Helen Keller once said "The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched.
They must be felt within the heart."
8. Dear Dr. Klinger
9. Lexi likes knitting scarves and hats Gina likes watercolor painting and Mona likes making pottery.
10. Our plane leaves at [four o'clock] in the morning therefore, we will leave at [one o'clock] to be sure we
arrive on time.
11. Harry Spy Aficionado of Fourth Street tops Orland's list of favorite books.
12. Kayla's school supply list included a calculator, ruler, and protractor for math a composition book,
pocket dictionary, and pens for English and a binder.
13. [Newsweek, volume number 5, issue number 26, pages 2229.]
14. Ursula will go on stage at [five minutes after six o'clock] Mallory will follow shortly after at [eight
minutes after six o'clock] and we'll wrap it up with Sue at [twenty minutes after six o'clock].
15. Dear Congressman Henderson
Answers
1. Scott used his sister's cell phone to call Kris; he lost his yesterday.
2. Liz will meet Kim and Erin at 6:00; they have a yoga class at 6:15.
3. We watched Garfield: A Tail of Two Kittens after school on Monday.
4. TIME 4:5675
5. Add these to your list when you go to the grocery store: bread, milk, lunch meat, and cheese.
6. Shari owns four dogs; three of them are poodles.
7. Helen Keller once said: "The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even
touched. They must be felt within the heart."
8. Dear Dr. Klinger:
9. Lexi likes knitting scarves and hats, Gina likes watercolor painting, and Mona likes making pottery.
10. Our plane leaves at 4:00 in the morning; therefore, we will leave at 1:00 to be sure we arrive on time
11. Harry: Spy Aficionado of Fourth Street tops Orland's list of favorite books.
12. Kayla's school supply list included a calculator, ruler, and protractor for math; a composition book,
pocket dictionary, and pens for English; and a binder
13. Newsweek 5: 26: 22-29,
14. Ursula will go on stage at 6:05; Mallory will follow shortly after at 6:08; and we'll wrap it up with Sue
at 6:20.
15. Dear Congressman Henderson:

Exercise : Commas vs. Semicolons - Compound Sentences
Each of the following sentences needs either a comma or a semicolon. Put in the necessary
punctuation.
1. Many companies make sugar-free soft drinks, which are flavored by synthetic chemicals the drinks
usually contain only one or two calories per serving.
2. Mr. Leyland played the viola professionally for many years and he now conducts a community
orchestra.
3. The crab grass was flourishing but the rest of the lawn, unfortunately, was dying.
4. The hill was covered with wildflowers it was a beautiful sight.
5. As I turned around, I heard a loud thump for the cat had upset the goldfish bowl.
6. The artist preferred to paint in oils he did not like watercolors.
7. The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on everything was ready for the guests'
arrival.
8. He looked carefully in the underbrush but he failed to notice the pair of green eyes staring at him.
9. The foundations of the house had been poured but, to his disappointment, nothing else had been
done because of the carpenters' strike.
10. The computer could perform millions of operations in a split second however, it could not think
spontaneously.
11. I thought registration day would be tiring but I didn't know I'd have to stand in so many lines.
12. The dog, growling and snarling, snapped at me I was so frightened that I ran.
13. The snowstorm dumped twelve inches of snow on the interstate subsequently, the state police
closed the road.
14. Professors are supposed to be absent-minded and I've seen plenty of evidence to support that
claim since I've been in college.
15. The suspect said that he had never met the victim however, the detective knew that he was lying.
16. In the first place, it was snowing too hard to see the road in the second place, we had no chains.
17. I have read Soul on Ice but I have not read The Invisible Man.
18. San Francisco is my favorite city in fact, I plan to spend two weeks there this summer.
19. The quarterback made a brilliant pass and the end crossed the goal line for the winning
touchdown.
20. Large supermarkets fascinate me I can find everything from frozen chow mein to soybean flour in
one place.
21. Ron and Mike were both in English class this morning they gave an interesting presentation on
their research.
22. The obstacles are not insurmountable but they are real and formidable.
23. Riding a bicycle is excellent exercise I ride mine every day.
24. I am not interested in a trip to Asia this year however, I would like to go to Europe.
25. Not all highly educated people enjoy traveling, but many world travelers are particularly well
educated.
26. Jack worked overtime to pay off his education debts at least, that was his explanation for his long
hours.
27. Katherine has given up smoking about five times but she cannot seem to break the habit.
28. His work may be almost totally forgotten but he would certainly be surprised to see how much
current scholarship simply echoes his ideas.
29. Our dog seems to have a built-in alarm clock he wakes us up at exactly the same time every
morning.
30. The passengers on the plane were initially alarmed by the loss of altitude but the pilot and the
crew kept them calm.
31. I realized at once that something was wrong I was not, however, the only person who was
concerned.
32. I had to complete the assignment by Friday otherwise, I would have failed the course.
33. Ralph decided to be a chemist but he changed his mind after taking Chem. 121.
34. I finished reading The Nation and then I went to bed.
35. We always go to the mountains in the fall they are at their prettiest at that time of year.
36. Tim went to the candy store quite often the clerk even knew his name.
37. Criticism of capitalist expansionism does not surface in most discussions of the worldwide
ecological crisis indeed, proposed solutions rarely deviate from a basic message of further
technological "progress."
38. The president has pledged to cut taxes repeatedly and the public has responded enthusiastically.
39. The office was closed consequently, I could not pay my bill.
40. The air was beautifully clear it was a lovely day.
Answers:
1. Many companies make sugar-free soft drinks, which are flavored by synthetic chemicals;the drinks
usually contain only one or two calories per serving.
2. Mr. Leyland played the viola professionally for many years, and he now conducts a community
orchestra.
3. The crab grass was flourishing, but the rest of the lawn, unfortunately, was dying.
4. The hill was covered with wildflowers; it was a beautiful sight.
5. As I turned around, I heard a loud thump, for the cat had upset the goldfish bowl.
6. The artist preferred to paint in oils; he did not like watercolors.
7. The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on; everything was ready for the guests'
arrival.
8. He looked carefully in the underbrush, but he failed to notice the pair of green eyes staring at him.
9. The foundations of the house had been poured, but, to his disappointment, nothing else had been
done because of the carpenters' strike.
10. The computer could perform millions of operations in a split second; however, it could not think
spontaneously.
11. I thought registration day would be tiring, but I didn't know I'd have to stand in so many lines.
12. The dog, growling and snarling, snapped at me; I was so frightened that I ran.
13. The snowstorm dumped twelve inches of snow on the interstate; subsequently, the state police
closed the road.
14. Professors are supposed to be absent-minded, and I've seen plenty of evidence to support that
claim since I've been in college.
15. The suspect said that he had never met the victim; however, the detective knew that he was
lying.
16. In the first place, it was snowing too hard to see the road; in the second place, we had no chains.
17. I have read Soul on Ice, but I have not read The Invisible Man.
18. San Francisco is my favorite city; in fact, I plan to spend two weeks there this summer.
19. The quarterback made a brilliant pass, and the end crossed the goal line for the winning
touchdown.
20. Large supermarkets fascinate me; I can find everything from frozen chow mein to soybean flour in
one place.
21. Ron and Mike were both in English class this morning; they gave an interesting presentation on
their research.
22. The obstacles are not insurmountable, but they are real and formidable.
23. Riding a bicycle is excellent exercise; I ride mine every day.
24. I am not interested in a trip to Asia this year; however, I would like to go to Europe.
25. Not all highly educated people enjoy traveling, but many world travelers are particularly well
educated. This sentence is correct as is.
26. Jack worked overtime to pay off his education debts; at least, that was his explanation for his long
hours.
27. Katherine has given up smoking about five times, but she cannot seem to break the habit.
28. His work may be almost totally forgotten, but he would certainly be surprised to see how much
current scholarship simply echoes his ideas.
29. Our dog seems to have a built-in alarm clock; he wakes us up at exactly the same time every
morning.
30. The passengers on the plane were initially alarmed by the loss of altitude, but the pilot and the
crew kept them calm.
31. I realized at once that something was wrong; I was not, however, the only person who was
concerned.
32. I had to complete the assignment by Friday; otherwise, I would have failed the course.
33. Ralph decided to be a chemist, but he changed his mind after taking Chem. 121.
34. I finished reading The Nation, and then I went to bed.
35. We always go to the mountains in the fall; they are at their prettiest at that time of year.
36. Tim went to the candy store quite often; the clerk even knew his name.
37. Criticism of capitalist expansionism does not surface in most discussions of the worldwide
ecological crisis; indeed, proposed solutions rarely deviate from a basic message of further
technological "progress."
38. The president has pledged to cut taxes repeatedly, and the public has responded enthusiastically.
39. The office was closed; consequently, I could not pay my bill.
40. The air was beautifully clear; it was a lovely day.