Thermal Insulation Computation

The thermal design of the building envelope elements and of the ones which isolate places with
different temperatures are done according to C107/ 1-1997.

nec ef
R R
min,
>
ef
R - total resistance at the heat exchange
nec
R
min,
- the minimum resistance at the heat exchange

=
+ + =
n
j
e
j
j
i ef
R
d
R R
1

;
e
e
i
i
R R
o o
1
;
1
= =
Where:
i
R - specific resistance at heat exchange through interior wall surface ] / [
2
W k m
e
R - specific resistance at heat exchange through exterior wall surface ] / [
2
W k m
n number of layers
j
d - thickness of j layer
j
- thermal conductivity of j layer
8 =
i
o - coefficient of interior superficial thermo transfer
24 =
e
o - coefficient of exterior superficial thermo transfer
] / [ 125 . 0
8
1 1
2
w k m R
i
i
= = =
o

] / [ 042 . 0
24
1 1
2
w k m R
e
e
= = =
o



- Exterior walls

According to C107/2005, in case of the external walls we have the following:

R
si
=0.125[m
2
K/W];
R
se
=0.042[m
2
K/W];
R
min
=1.80[m
2
K/W]; (from 10.06.2011)













No. Crit. Material d (m) (W/mk) d/
1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.93 0.0161
2
Thermal insulation with
expanded polystyrene
0,1 0.035 2.86
3 B.C.A. Masonry 0.25 0.21 1.19
4 Interior plaster 0.015 0.81 0.0185

] / [ 25 . 4 042 . 0 0185 . 0 19 . 1 86 . 2 0161 . 0 125 . 0
2
w k m R
ef
= + + + + + =


- Lower slab:

According to C107/2005, for slab over basement we have:

R
si
=0.125[m
2
K/W];
R
se
=0.042[m
2
K/W];
R
min
=2.9[m
2
K/W]; (from 10.06.2011)

Nr.crt Name of the material layer d(m) (W/mK) d/
1 Ceiling plaster 0.015 0.87 0.017
2 Thermal insulation 0.20 0.044 4.545
3 RC Plate 0.15 1.74 0.086
4 Equalizing cement 0.03 0.93 0.032
5 Sand stone 0.01 1.2 0.083

) / ( 93 . 4 042 . 0 ) 083 . 0 032 . 0 086 . 0 545 . 4 017 . 0 ( 125 . 0
2
1
W K m R
d
R R
n
j
e
j
j
i ef
= + + + + + + = + + =

=


- Roof floor

According to C107/2005, for slab over basement we have:


R
si
=0.125[m
2
K/W];
R
se
=0.042[m
2
K/W];
R
min
=5[m
2
K/W]; (from 10.06.2011)








Nr.crt Name of the
layer
d(mm) (W/mK) d/
1 Ceiling plaster 0.015 0.87 0.017
2 RC plate 0.15 1.74 0.086
3 Equalizing
cement
0.03 0.93 0.032
4 Vapour barrier - - -
5 Protection layer - - -
6 Support layer 0.03 0.93 0.032
7 Diffusion layer - - -
8 Protection layer - - -
9 Thermal
insulation
0.2 0.048 4.5
10 Protection
screed
0.03 0.91 0.032
11 Waterproofing - - -
12 Gravel - - -

=
= + + + + + + + = + + =
n
j
e
j
j
i ef
W K m R
d
R R
1
2
) / ( 326 . 5 167 . 0 ) 32 . 0 5 . 4 032 . 0 032 . 0 086 . 0 017 . 0 ( 125 . 0

The calculus for the global coeficient of thermal insulation

(

s
k m
w
ref G G
3
1 1


1
G - the coeficient for thermal insulation for a buildingor a part of a building, representing the
timetables heat looses by transmision via enclosure elements, for a difference of temperature equal to
0
1 C
between the interior and the exterior.
( )
(

=
m
j j
R
A
V
G
u
1
1

V- the wormed volume of the building or of the building part calculated based on the exterior
dimensions of the building ] [
3
m .

j
A -the elemnts area of building j, by wich the change of heat is done ] [
2
m .

j
u -the corection factor for the diference of temperature between the isolated
enviroments of the construction element.
V- the wormed volume of the building or of the building part calculated based on the exterior
dimensions of the building ] [
3
m .

j
A -the elemnts area of building j, by wich the change of heat is done ] [
2
m .

j
u -the corection factor for the diference of temperature between the isolated
enviroments of the construction element.

Windows + interior doors:
] [ 07 . 143 4 ] 1 . 2 2 . 1 2 . 1
) 9 . 2 5 875 . 2 875 . 1 25 . 4 6 . 1 9 . 2 [( 1 . 2 9 . 0 2 . 1 ) 9 . 2 00 . 5 9 . 0 45 . 2 1 . 4 4 . 5 9 . 2 (
2
4
m
A
= +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + =


Exterior walls:
A
1
=441m
2
A
2
=228m
2
A
3
=441m
2
A
4
=228m
2





Area of the superior plate: 446.88 ] [
2
m
Area of the inferior plate: 446.88 ] [
2
m


] [ 1332
3
m V
total
=




Calculation of the heat bridges lengths:

Heat bridges are non homogeneous areas of the building elements with a greater heat transfer.
Usually they are found at the intersection of building elements and in the area of resistance
elements.

a. Vertical bridges corner


b. Vertical bridges intersection of column with wall




c. Vertical bridges window

d. Horizontal bridges intersection of wall with plate








e. Horizontal bridges intersection of wall with plate over ground-floor

f. Horizontal bridges intersection of wall with plate with balcony




2 . 0
2
=



Calculation of construction elements area, volume and perimeter:
- the area, perimeter and volume is calculated on the interior faces of the walls
P = 88.8 [m]
P the building perimeter
] [ 23 . 41
2
m A
w
=
w
A - Window area / floor
] [ 1290 23 . 41 15 * 8 . 88
2
m A h P A
w op
= = = - area of the exterior wall
] [ 8 . 446
2
m S =
S The surface of floor
] [ 8 . 2225 1332 8 . 446 8 . 446
2
m A
be
= + + = - building envelope area
] [ 6702 15 * 8 . 446
3
m V = = -heated volume of the building
5 . 0 ) 2005 1 107 2 ( 331 . 0
6702
8 . 2225
2
=
(

= =
N
G C of annex from
k m
w
V
A

N
G allowed global coefficient of building thermal insulation

21 . 0
1
=
20 . 0
1
=
'
1
'
U
R =
R corrected specific thermal resistance
U coefficient of thermal transfer
] / [
) (
1
'
2
W k m
A
L
R
U


+ =


linear coefficient of thermal transfer
L length of thermal bridge
A area of building element
R thermal resistance

For exterior wall: ] / [ 40 . 0
1290
) 15 8 . 88 15 . 0 180 12 . 0 60 2 . 0 (
25 . 4
1
'
2
W k m U =
+ +
+ =
For window: ] / [ 24 . 3
23 . 41
5 . 165 31 . 0
5 . 0
1
'
2
W k m U =

+ =
For roof plate: ] / [ 491 . 0
8 . 446
8 . 88 5 . 0
55 . 2
1
'
2
W k m U =

+ =
For ground-floor plate: ] / [ 355 . 0
8 . 446
8 . 88 43 . 0
7 . 3
1
'
2
W k m U =

+ =

] / [ 34 . 0 )
'
(
1
3
k m W n
R
A
V
G + =

t
G global coefficient of building thermal insulation
correction factor of exterior temperatures
n=0.6 natural ventilation speed

] / [ 384 . 0 6 . 0 34 . 0 ) 1
81 . 2
8 . 446
1
03 . 2
8 . 446
8 . 0
308 . 0
5 . 165
1
22 . 3
1290
(
6702
1
3
1
k m W G = + + + + =











SWEAT CALULUS
Sweat calculus - for external wall has been carried out using the program Isover.
Data input:
We input each layer, their thickness, and thermal conductivity:

N
G G <
1
a.Computing the possibility of condensation:

We input:
- Internal temperature: 20
0
C
- External termperature: -18
0
C
- Relative humidity of indoor air: 65%
- Relative humidity of outdoor air: 85%
- Length of heating season: 210 days;
Data sheet of thermal trasmittance:





Data sheet of vapour diffusion is shown in the following chart:

So, no interstitial condensation is expected.