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In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,. The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,. The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,. The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,. The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity. 027-031 | JRPS | 2011 | Vol 1 | No 1 This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited. www.plantsciences.info Authors: Khaleel Basha S 1 , Sudarsanam G 2 , Hari Babu Rao D 3 , Niaz Parveen 4 .
Institution: 1. Department of Botany and Microbiology. Osmania UG&PG College, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2. Department of Botany, S.V. University, Tirupati, Chittor District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3. Department of Botany, S.B.S.Y.M Degree College, Kurnool, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
4. Department of Botany , Osmania womens College, Kurnool, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Corresponding author: Khaleel Basha S
Email: khaleelbasha23@yahoo.com
Web Address: http://plantsciences.info/ documents/PS0003.pdf.
Dates: Received: 22 Oct 2011 /Accepted: 08 Nov 2011 /Published: 28 Nov 2011 Article Citation: Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 027-031 Original Research Paper Journal of Research in Plant Sciences J o u r n a l
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INTRODUCTION Traditional system of medicine plays a very prominent role in the healthcare system of the rural people covering all types of ailments. Rig-Veda and Atharvanaveda have details to cure different diseases. Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat chronic as well as infectious diseases. The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The most important of these bioactive compounds of plants are alkaloids, f l a va noi d s , t a n n i n s a n d p he n o l i c compounds .Kurnool district is present in Andhra Pradesh,India, situated between eastern longitudes of 76 0 58-78 0 56 and northern latitudes of 14 0 54;- 16 0 14. Tribals like any other group of population live in and depend upon the environment. The present paper deals with the Sugalis (also called Banjaras) one of the largest and advanced nomadic tribes of Andhra Pradesh, inhabiting the Yerraamalais range of Eastern Ghats of Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. The potential of higher plants as source for new drugs is still largely unexplored. Among the estimated 250,000-500,000 plant species, only a small percentage has been investigated phytochemically and the fraction submitted to biological or pharmacological screening is even smaller. Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs. Considering the vast potentiality plants as sources for antimicrobial drugs with reference to antibacterial and antifungal agents, a systematic investigation was undertaken to screen the local flora for antibacterial activity viz., Abutilon indicum L., Acorous calamus L., Ammania baccifera L., Argyrea nervosa Burm. F., Bahinai racemosa L ., Biophytum sensitivum DC., Bauhinia variegata L., Cardiospermum halicabum L., Ci s s a mp e l o s p a r e i r a L . , Cr a t a e v a religiosa Forst., Holarrhena antidysenterica L., Leucas aspera L Piper nigrum L.,Plumbago zeylanica L., Psoralea corylifolia L., Considering the above aspects, an attempt has been made to carry out the screening for preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used in Indian folk medicine. The most potent plant extract was selected for further study. The aim of the study was to select an active plant extract which may be useful in developing new lead compounds to combat deadly diseases. Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from various kinds of sources such as soil, microorganisms, animals and plants( Srivastava et al., 1996) One such resource is folk medicines, and systematic screening of these may result in the discovery of novel effective compounds (Bhavnani et al., 20001). Making antibacterial drug therapy effective, safe and affordable has been the focus of interest during recent years (Janovska et al.,2003). There are several reports on antimicrobial activity of different herbal extracts (Sharma et al.,2002, Adelakum et al., 2001,Comporese et al., Bonjar et al., 2003, de Boer et al.,Nair et al., 2005).
MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of plant materials( Ethnobotanical survey) Plants were selected for this study based on their medicinal use. Fresh plant parts were collected from the tribal villages (thndas) in Yerramalais forest of Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India in Jan April 2009. The ethnobotanical data (local name, mode of preparation, medicinal uses) were collected through questionnaire, interviews and discussions among the tribal practitioners in their local language (Telugu) Vijayakumar et al.,1998, Jeevan Ram et al.,2001). The voucher specimens with field numbers (1001, 1009, 1123, 1278, 1289, 1290. 1300, 1305, 1345, 1378, 1389, 1399, 1404, 1409, 1456) in duplicate were deposited in the Botany Department herbarium of Osmania College, Kurnool. Andhra Pradesh (India).The leaves were shade dried and powdered. Two hundred grams of the powdered leaves were successively extracted with different solvents and the extractive values were calculated. Preparation of the extracts Ten grams of plant material were extracted with distilled water for 6 h at slow heat. At an interval of 2 h, it was filtered through eight layers of muslin cloth and centrifuged at 5000g for 5 min. The supernatant was concentrated to one-fifth of the original volume. The extract was autoclaved and stored at 4C. This gave an aqueous extract of the plant material. In order to obtain a methanol extract, 10 g of plant material was extracted with 100 ml of methanol and kept overnight on a rotary shaker. The extract was filtered and centrifuged at 5000g for 5 min. The filtrate was concentrated to one-fifth of the original volume and stored at 4C. Evaluation of antibacterial activity The aqueous and methanol extracts of 15 Basha et al.,2011 028 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 027-031 plants were screened against a total of 4 bacterial strains. The test organisms included the gram- positive bacteria Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli were obtained from the Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. The bacteria were grown in the nutrient broth at 37C and maintained on nutrient agar slants at 4C. Preparation of inoculums The aqueous and methanol extracts were screened for potential antibacterial activity by agar disc diffusion method( Bauer et al., 1966) with disc size of 7 mm (HiMedia) and agar well diffusion method(Perea et al., 1990) with cup borer of size 8.5 mm respectively. For all the bacterial strains, overnight cultures grown in nutrient broth were adjusted to an inoculum size of 10 8 cells/ml for inoculation of the agar plates. An aliquot (0.2 ml) of inoculum was added to the molten Mueller Hinton agar No. 2 medium (HiMedia). For both the methods, well and discs were introduced with 0.1 ml each of the aqueous and methanol extract. Distilled water and methanol were taken as control. Following an incubation period of 24 h at 37 C, antibacterial activity was evaluated by quantifying zone of inhibition of bacterial growth. (Mean of three replicates was considered). The entire microbial assay was carried out three times under strict aseptic conditions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The result of screening is shown in the graph [Fig-1&Fig-2]. The complete details of the plants screened in this work are shown in [Table.1] A total of 15 extracts (aqueous and methanol) from 15 different plant species belonging to 11 different families were screened for potential antibacterial activity [Fig-1&Fig-2]. All the extracts have exhibited different degrees of antibacterial activity against bacteria. Most of the extracts were more active against gram-positive bacteria than gram- negative bacteria, which is in agreement with previous reports that plant extracts are more active against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria( Vlietinck et al., 1995, Rabe et al., 1997).. Amongst aqueous and methanol extracts of the studied plant species, methanol extracts were found to be more active than the aqueous extracts except for Piper nigrum L. Aqueous extracts of Abutilon indicum L., Acorus calamus L., Ammania baccifera L., Argyria nervosa Burm. F(except k.pneumonia).,Holarrhena antidycenterica L( except k.pneumonia). were totally inactive against all the i nvest i gat ed mi cr oor ganisms[Fi g-1&Fi g- 2]. Amongst all the five investigated bacterial strains, K. pneumoniae was the most sensitive bacteria and E. coli was the most resistant bacteria. The discovery of a potent remedy from plant origin will be a great advancement in bacterial infection therapies. The results of present Basha et al.,2011 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 027-031 029 Plant species Family com.name uses Abutiolon indicum L Malvaceae Thuttura benda root for nervous disorders Acorus calamus L. Araceae Vasa chronic diarrhoea,dysentry,fever Ammannia baccifera L. Lythraceae Agnijawala snake bite, ringworm,skin diseases Argyreia nervosa Burn.F Convolvulaceae Samudra pala wounds,skin diseases,rhematism Bauhinia recemosa L. Caesalpinaceae Adavi avisa dysentry,hepatoprotective,diarrhoea,malarial fever Biophytum sensitivum Oxalidaceae Jala puspa stomachic,astham Bauhinai variegata L. Caesalpinaceae Madapku chettu Carminative, anthlmintic.diarrhoea Cardiospermum halicabum Sapindaceae Budda kakara laxative, diuretic,rhematism Cissampelos pareira menispermaceae Advibanka teega antiperidic, purgative stomachic Crataeva religiosa Forst Capparidaceae Varuna chettu laxiative,diuretic,astringent Holarrhena antidysenterica L. Apocynaceae Palbariki antidysentric, anthlmintic diarrhoea Leucas aspera L Lamiaceae Thummi febrifuge, hepatoprotective, cough,cold Piper nigrum L Piperaceae Miriyalu diarrohea, fever ,stomachic Plumbego zeylanica L Plumbagenaceae Chitramulamu diarrohea, leprosy, laxative Psoralea corylifolia L Leguminosae Bavanchalu laxative, leucoderma,rhematism Table.1Ethnobotanical information of some traditionally used indian medicinal plant species selected for antibacterial activity
investigation clearly indicates that the antibacterial activity vary with the species of the plants and plant material used. The study of ethnomedical systems and herbal medicines as therapeutic agents of a paramount importance in addressing health problems of traditional communities and third world countries as well as industrialized societies . The results obtained from screening showed that the folklore use of some of the plants is justified. Cissampelos pareira exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity amongst all the 12 plant species, for which it can be selected for further studies. The inhibition zone diameter was compared with antibiotics drugs tetracycline as a standard reference.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are thankful to Madam Azra Javeed saheba Secretary and Correspondent of Osmania college for their encouragement and permitting us to carry on this exploration work. We are also express our sincere thanks to the Forest Department who helped us in tracing out the medicinal plants in the forest.
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