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The present paper put on record 90 taxa of family Asteraceae endemic to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. These species were present in different climatic conditions, some special habitats and varied altitudinal zones in this region. The phytogeographical and variation in the climate of the state has a tremendous impact on the flora of State. The number of endemic species is high on account of its topographic and mostly mountainous region.
Article Citation:
Bhellum BL.
Endemic species of Astraceae in the flora of Kashmir Himalayas Jammu and Kashmir State, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(1): 067-070.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0018.pdf
Titolo originale
Endemic Species of Astraceae in the Flora of Kashmir Himalayas Jammu and Kashmir State, India
The present paper put on record 90 taxa of family Asteraceae endemic to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. These species were present in different climatic conditions, some special habitats and varied altitudinal zones in this region. The phytogeographical and variation in the climate of the state has a tremendous impact on the flora of State. The number of endemic species is high on account of its topographic and mostly mountainous region.
Article Citation:
Bhellum BL.
Endemic species of Astraceae in the flora of Kashmir Himalayas Jammu and Kashmir State, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(1): 067-070.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0018.pdf
The present paper put on record 90 taxa of family Asteraceae endemic to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. These species were present in different climatic conditions, some special habitats and varied altitudinal zones in this region. The phytogeographical and variation in the climate of the state has a tremendous impact on the flora of State. The number of endemic species is high on account of its topographic and mostly mountainous region.
Article Citation:
Bhellum BL.
Endemic species of Astraceae in the flora of Kashmir Himalayas Jammu and Kashmir State, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(1): 067-070.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0018.pdf
Endemic species of Astraceae in the flora of Kashmir Himalayas
Jammu and Kashmir State, India
Keywords: Floristics, endemic species, Jammu and Kashmir, India. ABSTRACT:
The present paper put on record 90 taxa of family Asteraceae endemic to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. These species were present in different climatic conditions, some special habitats and varied altitudinal zones in this region. The phytogeographical and variation in the climate of the state has a tremendous impact on the flora of State. The number of endemic species is high on account of its topographic and mostly mountainous region. 067-070 | JRPS | 2012 | Vol 1 | No 1 This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited. www.plantsciences.info Journal of Research in Plant Sciences An International Scientific Research Journal Authors: Bhellum BL.
Institution: Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Kathua- 184 101, J and K State, India.
Corresponding author: Bhellum BL.
Web Address: http://plantsciences.info/ documents/PS0018.pdf.
Dates: Received: 21 Jan 2012 /Accepted: 28 Jan 2012 /Published: 25 Feb 2012 Article Citation: Bhellum BL. Endemic species of Astraceae in the flora of Kashmir Himalayas Jammu and Kashmir State, India. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 2: 067-070. Original Research Journal of Research in Plant Sciences J o u r n a l
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INTRODUCTION Located on North-West of Indian republic the State of Jammu and Kashmir lies between 32 17 N to 36 26 N latitude and 73 26 to 80 30 E longitude. The state is divided in to three geographical regions namely Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. The climate varies with regard to change in elevation in different regions which reflects a lot of diversity in vegetation. The precipitation is in the form of snow particularly in higher reaches of mountains. Valley of Kashmir experiences irregular climate with large variation in the amount of precipitation. Notwithstanding minor climatic changes the winters are extremely cold. Ladakh is a cold desert and two distinct bio-climates are recognized as cold temperate. The average rainfall is quite low in this part of the state. In Jammu the winters are cold and summers are extremely hot. Asteraceae is one of the largest families of the flowering plants in India comprising of 1052 taxa representing 161 genera (Hajra et al. 1995). The family is represented by 109 genera and 481 species (Singh et al., 1999; Singh & Mathur, 2001). According to Nayar (1980) there are 141 genera of angiosperms endemic to India of these 67 genera are confined to the Himalayas. The members of this family are dominant in Jammu and Kashmir. Many of them are endemic this region. The family shows high state of endemism to the extent of 39% according to Singh et al., 2002. The dominance of these elements is because of unique topography, ecosystems and geographic position of the state. Recently, Bhellum (2012) reported a new record for the flora of North-West India which indicates that report of some more species is possible. In the present study a list of 90 taxa belonging to Asteraceae are listed.
MATERIAL AND METHODS This species listed were studied from the present limits of Jammu and Kashmir State. The plant specimens were collected between 2003- 2007. These specimens were carried in the polythene bags. The Plant specimens were collected and studied in the Laboratory and identified both with the help of dissection microscope and stereoscope. The relevant literature has been consulted to know their endemic status. Enumeration In the present paper as many as 90 taxa representing 24 genera of family Asteraceae are recorded as endemic to the state of Jammu and Kashmir State. These species occupies different habitats and elevations in this region. The variation in the climate of the state has a tremendous impact on the flora of State. The number of endemic species is high on account of its topographic and mostly mountainous region. Endemic species belonging to family Asteraceae are enumerated below in alphabetica order. 1.Artemisia amygdalina Decne. 2.A. salsoloides Willd.var. vellayi Hemsl. 3.A stronglycephalum Pamp. Var. typica f. gemunia Pamp. 4.A. stronglycephalum Pamp. 5.Bidens minima Huds. 6.Bidens tetraspinosa Kak and Javeid 7.Chondrilla graminea M. Bieb. Var. kashmiriana Hk.f. 8.C. pauciflora Ledeb. 9.C. maniforma 10.C. setulosa clarek 11.Chrysanthemum tibeticum Hk.f. & Thoms. 12.Circium wallichii (DC). Var. pletlepis Hook.f. 13.Cousenia falconeri Hk.f. 14.Cremanthodium ellisii Kitam. 15.Crepis dachhigamensis Gurcharan Singh 16.C. kashmirica Babc. 17.C. pulchra L. 18.Erigeron Jaeschkei. Vierh 19.E. pseudohyrcanicus Grierson ex. Stewart 20.Erigeron semibarbata (DC.) Hk.f. 21.Gerbera lacei Watt. 22.Heteropappus holohermaphroditus Grierson Bhellum, 2012 068 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1: 067-070 23.Hieracium umbellatum L.var. lanceolatum Hook.f. 24.Inula clarkei (H.k.f.) R. R. Stewart. 25.Inula.royleana DC. 26.Jurinella macrocephala var. tibetica (Stewart) Karthik. & Moorthy 27.J. macrocephala Aswal & Goel 28.J. rosulata Klatt. 29.Lactuca. kashmiriana Mamgain & R. R. Rao 30.L. lessertiana Clarke var. lyrata Stebbins 31.L. tatarica (L.) Mey. 32.L. benthamii Clarke 33.Leontopodium conocephalum Edgew. 34.Ligularia jacquemontiana (Decne.) Rau 35.L. sibirica (L.) Cass. var. racemosa (DC.) Kitam. 36.Olgaea thomsoii (Hk.f.) Iljin. 37.Picris hieracioides L. 38.Saussurea bracteata Decne. 39.S. candolleana (Wall.ex DC.) Clarke 40.S. clarkei Hook.f. 41.S. costus (Falc.) Lipschitz. 42.S. glanduligera Sch.-Bip. 43.S. graminifolia wall.ex.DC. 44.S. obvallata (DC.) Beh.-Bip. 45.S. stoliczkai Clarke. 46.S. subulata Clarke. 47.S. uniflora (DC.) Sch.-Bip. 48.Scorzonera alba stewart. 49.Senecio laetus var. analogus (DC.) R. Mathur ex Karthik & Moorthy 50.S. laetus var. specatabilis (DC.) R. Mathur ex Karthik. & Moorthy 51.S. laetus var. cymbiformis (DC.) Aswal 52.Tragopogon kashmirianus Singh 53.Taraxacum amblylepidocarpum V. Soest 54.T. apargiaeforme Dahlst. 55.T. coronatum Hand. Mazz. 56.T. elegans V. Soest 57.T. eriocarpum H. Hartm. 58.T. flavum V. Soest 59.T. fulvescens V. Soest 60.T. fulvo brunneum V. Soest 61.T. gulmargense V. Soest 62. T. harbhajan-singhii V. Soest 63.T. harbhajan-singhii ssp. pahalgamense V. Soest 64.T. helianthemum V. Soest 65.T. heteroloma Hand. Mazz. 66.T. hooftii V. Soest 67.T. karakoricum V. Soest 68.T. kashmirense V. Soest 69.T. kjellmaniiforme V. Soest 70.T. ladakense V. Soest 71.T. laevigatum (Willd.) DC. 72.T. latibasis V. Soest 73.T. lobbichleri. V. Soest 74.T. longicarpum V. Soest 75.T. luridum G. Hagl. 76.T. nagaricum V. Soest 77.T. nasiri V. Soest 78.T. nigrum V. Soest 79.T. nivale J. Lange 80.T. parvuliforme V. Soest 81.T. phoenicolepis V. Soest 82.T. pseudobicorne V. Soest 83.T. pseudoeriopodum V. Soest 84.T. pseudostaticifolium Hand-Mazz. 85.T. pseudosteven V. Soest 86.T. stereodiforme V. Soest 87.T. stewartii (Spreng.) DC. 88.T. violaceo-maculatum V. Soest 89.T. vulpinum f. pallidocarpum V. Soest 90.T. xanthophyllum Haglund
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the present study the endemic species of the Kashmir Himalayas have been studied. Of the 90 taxa representing 24 genera of family Asteraceae, it represents Artemisia 4.44%; Chondrilla 4.44%; Crepis 3.33%; Erigeron 33.3%; Jurinella 3.33%; Lactuca Bhellum, 2012 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1: 067-070 069
4.44%; Saussurea 11.11%; Senecio 3%; Taraxacum 44.4%. The highest %age of the taxa is found in the genus Taraxacum followed by Saussurea 11.11%. The lowest number of taxa is found in the genera such as Bidens, Chrysanthemum, Circium, Cousenia, Cremanthodium, Gerbera, Heteropappus, Hieracium, Inula, Leontopodium, Ligularia, Olgea, Picris, Scarzonera and Tragopogon. Singh et al. (2012) reported 11 species from Asteraceae which constitutes 12.22% of the repoted species from Jammu and Kashmir State.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is grateful to Prof. A. K. Koul, BGSB. Rajouri and Prof. Rani Magotra, Department of Botany, University of Jammu for encouragement.
REFERENCES Bhellum BL. 2012. Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker (Asteraceae) A new record for the flora of North-West India. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences 1:045-047.
Hajra PK, Rao RR, Singh DK and Uniyal BP. 1995. Flora of India. 12 & 13. Asteraceae . BSI., New Delhi.
Nayar MP. 1980. Endemic Flora of Paninsular India and its significance. Bull. Bot. Surv., India. 22:12-13.
Singh NP and Sing DK. 2002. Protected area Network. In: N. P. Singh & K. P. Singh(eds.) Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India. 2341-2412. BSI. Dehra Dun.
Singh P and Chauhan AS. 1999. Sikkam. In:V. Mudgal and P.K. Hajra (eds.) Floristic Diversity and Coservation Strategies in Inda. III. 1419-1450. BSI. Dehra Dun.
Singh DK and Mathur R. 2001. Asteraceae. In: N.P. Singh & D.K. Singh (eds.) Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India. IV.1903-1960.
Singh NP and Singh DK and Uniyal BP. 2002. Flora of Jammu and Kashmir.BSI. Kolkata. Vol. I. Bhellum, 2012 070 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1: 067-070 Fig. 1. Pie diagram showing Endemic species with more than two taxa Submit your articles online at www.plantsciences.info
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