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= 17.0 kips
Act. Tension = ) 70 (
37 . 12
12
kips
= 67.9 kips
2 angles (1 ea. side of WT)
WT
Lecture 34 - Page 6 of 12
Step 2 Determine Allowable shear and tension per bolt:
From tables above, for a dia. A325-N bolt:
a) Allowable shear = 12.9 kips per bolt in double-shear
b) Allowable tension = 13.5 kips per bolt
Step 3 Determine combined ratios of actual to allowable loads:
0 . 1
.
.
.
.
+
Tension Allow
Tension Act
Shear Allow
Shear Act
???
0 . 1
) / 5 . 13 ( 4
9 . 67
) / 9 . 12 ( 4
0 . 17
+
bolt kips
kips
bolt kips
kips
???
1.59 > 1.0 bolted connection is unacceptable
Lecture 34 - Page 7 of 12
Welded Connections:
Welding is a procedure that involves fusing two pieces of steel together by
melting a sacrificial flux electrode to two pieces, thereby joining the
pieces permanently together. They have some distinct advantages over
bolted connections including:
Welded joints are more rigid than bolted joints
Can directly connect pieces without the need for connection plates
Welds do not create holes in member (i.e., no need to check
fracture on net area)
Can join odd-shaped pieces together
Welds also have some disadvantages which may preclude their use,
including:
Welds are brittle, not ductile like bolted connections
Very labor intensive
Skilled labor required
Quality control is difficult to inspect
Potential fire hazard in areas of welding
Fillet Welds:
The most common type of weld for structural steel connections is the
fillet weld. This type of weld joins 2 pieces with flat faces at 90
0
angles.
Some examples of fillet welds and their weld symbols are shown below:
Lecture 34 - Page 8 of 12
Lecture 34 - Page 9 of 12
A closer inspection through the fillet weld itself is shown below to indicate
some of the dimensions of a weld:
Strength of Fillet Welds:
The strength of a fillet weld is the shear along the effective throat of the
weld cross-section. The effective area of a weld is:
Effective area of weld = (Effective throat distance)(Length of weld)
Where the effective throat distance = cos 45
0
(Weld size)
The AISC dictates that the allowable shear stress, F
v
, on the effective area
= 0.30 x nominal tensile strength of weld metal. Therefore, the allowable
shear strength of a weld, F
v
, per inch length of weld can be calculated as
the following:
P
allow
= 0.30(Nominal tensile strength of weld metal)(cos 45
0
)(Weld size)
where:
Nominal tensile strength of weld = 70 ksi for E70XX weld electrode
= 60 ksi for E60XX weld electrode
Lecture 34 - Page 10 of 12
Example 3
GIVEN: A 3/16 fillet weld uses E70XX electrodes.
REQUIRED: What is the allowable shear on the weld in kips per inch
length?
P
allow
= 0.30(70 ksi)(cos 45
0
)(3/16)
P
allow
= 2.8 kips per inch length
Below is a table of allowable shear strength of welds:
Allowable shear of Fillet Welds, Kips per inch length
Size of Weld: Weld
Electrode:
3/16 5/16 3/8
E70XX 2.8 3.7 4.6 5.6 7.4
E60XX 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 6.4
Minimum & Maximum Size of Fillet Welds:
Below is a table relating the minimum size of fillet weld to the thickness of
material to be welded:
Material thickness of the
thicker part joined:
Minimum size of fillet weld:
Up to inclusive 1/8
Over to 3/16
Over to
Over 5/16
The maximum size of a fillet weld = Thickness of thinner part up to thick
= Thickness 1/16 over thick
Lecture 34 - Page 11 of 12
Example 4
GIVEN: Plate A is welded to Plate B using E70XX fillet welds as
shown below.
REQUIRED: Determine the minimum length of weld for the two welds to
safely carry the load indicated.
Step 1 Determine allowable shear of weld per inch length, P
allow
:
From table above, P
allow
= 3.7 kips per inch
Step 2 Determine total length of weld required:
Total length required =
allow
P
d AppliedLoa
=
inch Kips
Kips
/ 7 . 3
50
= 13.5 inches
Step 3 Determine length of weld on each edge of Plate A:
Length of weld on each edge = (13.5)
Length of weld on each edge = 6
Typ.
Length = ?
50 kips
Plate B
Plate A
Lecture 34 - Page 12 of 12
Example 5
GIVEN: The beam-to-column connection from Example 2. The length of
the L3x3x connection angles is 9 for each angle. Use E70XX
electrodes.
REQUIRED: Determine the minimum size of fillet weld required to carry
the load.
Step 1 Determine actual load on weld per inch of available length:
Actual load per inch of weld =
" 18
43Kips
= 2.39 kips per inch
Step 2 Determine size of fillet weld from table above:
Use 3/16 weld P
allow
= 2.8 kips/inch > 2.39 kips/inch
Size = ?
9
43 kips
W14x26 beam
Column
2 L3x3x angles (1
ea. side of beam flange)
2 angles x 9 each = 18