Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
= |
Cylindrical Coordinate System
Range of coordinates:
Vector Transformation:
a
a
a
z
a
x
cos - sin 0
a
y
sin cos 0
a
z
0 0 1
< < < < < < z ; 2 0 ; 0 t |
Cylindrical Coordinate System
Example
(a) Give the Cartesian coordinates of the
point C( = 4.4, = -115
O
, z = 2). (b)
Give the cylindrical coordinates of the
point D(x = -3.1, y = 2.6, z = -3). (c)
Specify the distance from C to D.
Ans. C(x = -1.860, y = -3.99, z = 2); D( =
4.05, = 140.0
O
,z = -3); 8.36.
Spherical Coordinate System
A point P(x,y,z) can also be represented in
terms of P(r,,):
r = radius of the sphere.
= angle the vector makes with the
positive z-axis.
= same angle defined in cylindrical
coordinates.
Spherical Coordinate System
Point Transformation
Spherical Coordinate System
Spherical to Cartesian
x = r sin cos
y = r sin sin
z = r cos
Spherical Coordinate System
Cartesian to Cylindrical
2 2 2
z y x r + + =
x
y
1
tan
= |
r
z
1
cos
= u
Spherical Coordinate System
Range of coordinates:
Vector Transformation:
a
r
a
a
a
x
sin cos cos cos - sin
a
y
sin sin cos sin cos
a
z
cos - sin 0
t | t u 2 0 ; 0 ; 0 < < < < < < r
Spherical Coordinate System
Example:
Given the points C(-3, 2, 1) and D(5, 20
O
, -
70
O
), find: (a) the spherical coordinates of
C; (b) the rectangular coordinates of D; (c)
the distance from C to D
Answer:
r=3.742,=74.5,=146.3;x=0.585,y=-
1.607,z=4.698;6.288
Example
Using the coordinate system named give
the vector at point A(2,-1,-3) that extends
to B(1,3,4); (a) cartesian; (b) cylindrical; (c)
spherical
Answer: -a
x
+4a
y
+7a
z
; -2.68a
+3.13a
+7a
z
; -
7.22a
r
-2.03a
+3.13a
Example
(a) Find ax in spherical components at
P(3,-4,5), (b) Find a
in cartesian
components at P.
Answer: 0.42a
r
+0.424a
+0.8a
; 0.424a
x
-
0.566a
y
-0.707a
z
Seatwork
1. Given three points, A(4,3,2), B(-2,0,5),
and C(7,-2,1); (a) specify the vector A
extending from the origin to point A; (b)
give a unit vector extending from the
origin toward the midpoint of line AB; (c)
calculate the length of the perimeter of
triangle ABC.
Answer:4ax+3ay+2az; (0.25,0.38,0.89);23.32
Seatwork
2. Given points A(10,12,-6), B(16,8,-2),
C(8,1,4), and D(-2,-5,8), determine the
projection of R
AB
+ R
BC
on R
AD
;(b) the
vector projection of R
AB
+ R
BC
on R
DC
; (c)
the angle between R
DA
and R
DC
Ans: (-6.7,-9.5,7.8); (-8.3,-0.5,3.3);26
O
Seatwork
3. Three vectors extending from the origin
are given as r
1
= 7a
x
+3a
y
-2a
z
, r
2
= -
2a
x
+7a
y
-3a
z
, and r
3
= 2a
x
-2a
y
+3a
z
. Find: (a)
a unit vector perpendicular to both r
1
and
r
2
; (b) a unit vector perpendicular to the
vectors r
1
- r
2
and r
2
- r
3
; (c) the area of the
triangle defined by r
1
and r
2
; (d) the area of
the triangle defined by the heads of r
1
, r
2
,
and r
3
.
Answer: (0.08,0.41,0.91);(0.30,0.81,0.5);
30.3;32
Homework
1. Given points A( = 5, = 70
O
, z = -3)
and B( = 2, = -30
O
, z = 1), find:(a) a
unit vector in cartesian coordinates at A
directed toward B; (b) a unit vector in
cylindrical coordinates at A directed toward
B; (c) a unit vector in cylindrical
coordinates at B directed toward A.
Answer: (0.003,-0.82,0.57);-0.77a
-0.28a
+0.57a
z
; -0.43a
+ 0.71a
- 0.57a
z
Homework
2. At point P(-3,-4,5), express that vector
that extends from P to Q(2,0,-1) in: (a)
rectangular coordinates; (b) cylindrical
coordinates; (c) spherical coordinates. (d)
Show that each of these vectors has the
same magnitude.
Answer: 5a
x
- 4a
y
- 6a
z
,8.8; 6.2a
+ 1.6a
-
6a
z
,8.8; 0.14,8.62,1.6