EDEXCEL NATIONALS

UNIT 6 MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES and APPLICATIONS

ASSIGNMENT No.2


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Learning outcome 1

On completion of this unit a learner should:

1 Be able to determine the effects of loading in static engineering systems

2 Be able to determine work, power and energy transfer in dynamic engineering systems

3 Be able to determine the parameters of fluid systems

4 Be able to determine the effects of energy transfer in thermodynamic systems.



FEEDBACK COMMENTS
This assignment assesses P4, M2 and can contribute to D1.



























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Grading grid
In order to pass this unit, the evidence that the learner presents for assessment needs to demonstrate that they can meet
all of the learning outcomes for the unit. The criteria for a pass grade describe the level of achievement required to pass
this unit.

Grading criteria
To achieve a pass grade the evidence
must show that the learner is able to:
Achieved To achieve a merit grade the
evidence must show that, in
addition to the pass criteria,
the learner is able to:
Achieved To achieve a distinction
grade the evidence must
show that, in addition to the
pass and merit criteria, the
learner is able to:
Achieved
P1 calculate the magnitude, direction
and position of the line of action
of the resultant and equilibrant
of a non-concurrent coplanar
force system containing a
minimum of four forces acting
in different directions.
M1 calculate the factor of
safety in operation for a
component subjected to
combined direct and
shear loading against
given failure criteria.
D1 compare and contrast
the use of
DAlemberts principle
with the principle of
conservation of energy
to solve an engineering
problem.

P2 calculate the support reactions of a
simply supported beam carrying
at least two concentrated loads
and a uniformly distributed load

M2 determine the retarding
force on a freely falling
body when it impacts
upon a stationary
object and is brought to
rest without rebound,
in a given distance.

D2 evaluate the methods
that might be used to
determine the density
of a solid material and
the density of a liquid.

P3 calculate the induced direct stress,
strain and dimensional change
in a component subjected to
direct uniaxial loading and the
shear stress and strain in a
component subjected to shear
loading.
M3 determine the thermal
efficiency of a heat
transfer process from
given values of flow
rate, temperature
change and input
power.


P4 solve three or more problems that
require the application of kinetic
and dynamic principles to
determine unknown system
parameters.

M4 determine the force
induced in a rigidly
held component that
undergoes a change in
temperature.

P5 calculate the resultant thrust and
overturning moment on a
vertical rectangular retaining
surface with one edge in the free
surface of a liquid.


P6 determine the up-thrust on an
immersed body.


P7 use the continuity of volume and
mass flow for an incompressible
fluid to determine the design
characteristics of a gradually
tapering pipe.


P8 calculate dimensional change when
a solid material undergoes a
change in temperature and the
heat transfer that accompanies a
change of temperature and
phase.

P9 solve two or more problems that
require application of
thermodynamic process
equations for a perfect gas to
determine unknown parameters
of the problems.



ASSIGNMENT DETAILS


A pile driver has a mass of 100 kg and falls 3 m onto the pile which has a mass of 200 kg. The two
become joined on impact. The pile is driven into the ground a distance of 0.08 m each time. The
mass is raised by a winch between each impact. The graph shows how the velocity of the driver
varies with time as it is raised by the winch.

Calculate the following.

1. The time taken to raise the load.
2. The initial acceleration of the driver upwards.
3. The force in the rope during this period of raising the load.
4. The force in the rope after the acceleration upwards has stopped.
5. The distance the driver is raised during the first T seconds.
6. The distance raised during the last T seconds.
7. The power required during the period of acceleration.
8. The power required during the period of constant velocity.
9. The mean power of the winch.
10. The initial potential energy of the driver before it is dropped.
11. The velocity of the driver just before impact.
12. The velocity of the pile and the driver immediately after impact.
13. The deceleration of the pile assuming it is uniform.
14. The average ground resistance.
15. The work done driving the pile into the ground.


STUDENT and TUTOR GUIDE TO DOING THIS ASSIGNMENT

The solution is best done in two parts.

In part 1 you should examine the motion of the driver upwards. This should be taken as two distinct
parts, first accelerating for T seconds and then moving at constant velocity for T seconds. You will
find the easiest way is to relate the total distance moved to the maximum area under the graph and
hence deduce T. With this answer, you can then calculate all the others. You must take the weight
of the mass into account when calculating the force in the rope.

In part 2 you must apply the law of energy conservation to obtain the velocity just before impact.
The rest is solved by applying the conservation of momentum and Newton's Laws of motion.


If you are unable to get started or make progress you should seek assistance from your tutor and
your grades will be determined by how much assistance you need.

Tutors may purchase the full solution from admin@www.freestudy.co.uk.

This also includes a Mathcad file for solving variations of the problem by changing the data. This
will enable tutors to set different assignments and so reduce the risk of copying.


TO OBTAIN A DISTINCTION

You should do all parts correctly with the minimum of assistance. Your solutions should be
exceptionally clear and accurate and the symbols used should be clearly indicated in the formulae
you create to evaluate your answers. Your answers should be checked for accuracy by for example,
calculating the total kinetic energy before impact and comparing it to the original potential energy.
You should show clearly all the principles involved in the solution and state who they are attributed
to. You should make correct use of units and multiples. Diagrams should be exceptionally neat and
clear.

TO OBTAIN A MERIT

You should do all parts with only minor errors. You should not require more than basic assistance
to complete the assignment. You should draw clear diagrams illustrating the principles used to
arrive at your solutions. You should make correct use of units and multiples.

TO OBTAIN A PASS

You should demonstrate that you understand the principles involved to solve the answers for (1) to
(11). You will probably have asked for substantial help to complete answers (12) to (15). You
should demonstrate that your calculations are accurate and use the correct units and multiples.




SOLUTION

Answer (1)
Area under graph =3 m vT/2 +vT =3 T =3/1.5v =5 seconds
Time to raise the load is 2T =10 seconds.

Answer (2)
Initial Acceleration =v/T =0.4/5 =0.08 m/s
2

Answer (3)
F =M(a +g) =100(9.81 +0.08) =989 N

Answer (4)
When acceleration stops F =Mg =981 N

Answer (5)
During the acceleration z =at
2
/2 =0.08 x 5
2
/2 =1 m
Check z =0.4 x 5/2 =1 m

Answer (6)
Distance moved during the last T seconds must be 3 - 1 =2 m.
Check 0.4 x 5 =2 m

Answer (7)
Work done during the first T seconds =Force x distance =989 x 1 =989 J
Power =Work/time =989/5 =197.8 W

Answer (8)
Work done during the last T seconds =Force x distance =981 x 2 =1962 J
Power =Work/time =1962/5 =392.4 W

Answer (9)
Total work done =989 +1962 =2951 J
Mean Power =2951/10 =295.1 W check (197.8 +392.4)/2 =295.1 W

PILE DRIVER
Answer (10)
Initial potential energy of driver =mgz =100 x 9.81 x 3 =2943 J

Answer (11)
Kinetic energy at impact =mu
1
2
/2
Equating m g z =mu
1
2
/2
u
1
=(2gz)
1/2
=(2 x 9.81 x 3 )
1/2
=7.672 m/s
Since this is down, by normal convention it is negative.
u
1
=-7.672 m/s Check K.E. =mu
1
2
/2 =2943 J so calculation is correct.

Answer (12)
Initial velocity of the pile u
2
=0
Initial momentum =-100 x 7.672 =-767.2 kg m/s
Final momentum =(m
1
+m
2
)v

300 v
=-767.2 kg m/s. v =-2.557 m/s (Down)
Answer (13)
From the laws of motion covered in earlier tutorials, for uniform deceleration
x =at
2
/2 =v
2
/2 a a =(v
2
/2x) ==(-4.35)
2
/(2 x 0.08)
a =40.875 m/s
2

Since the pile is decelerating, then strictly a =- 40.875 m/s
2

Answer (14)
From Newton's 2nd Law of motion we have F =ma = 300 (-40.875)
F =- 12 262N
The negative sign indicates F is a resistance and not a help to motion.

Answer (15)
Work Done =F x =12 262 x 0.08
W =981 J